sodium-hypochlorite and Hematoma

The high frequency of iatrogenic incidents during endodontic treatment is a source of stress for the practitioner. These incidents may occur during the different steps of a root canal treatment. During irrigation, extrusion of sodium hypochlorite beyond the apex is a rare but impressive accident. Sodium hypochlorite, is the most common irrigant used in modern endodontics, but when it comes in contact with the periapical tissue, it can cause complications ranging from mild discomfort to serious tissue damage such as the hematoma and hemato-emphysema. The aims of this article are to discuss through the presentation of two clinical cases: Etiological and predisposing factors; Signs guiding to suspicion of accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite. In this work, we focused on clinical keys that help the practitioner in better understanding this accident in order to prevent it or to manage it well when it occurs.

Topics: Accidents; Adult; Edema; Face; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Injections; Male; Periapical Tissue; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Subcutaneous Emphysema

Topics: Adult; Ecchymosis; Edema; Face; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To present a clinical case that illustrates the toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on vital tissues.. The severe clinical consequences of extruding concentrated NaOCl into the periradicular tissues during root canal irrigation are described. After diagnosis of external resorption in tooth 34, endodontic treatment was initiated. Following irrigation with a concentrated NaOCl solution, a rapidly developing swelling and haematoma were visible. During the next few days, an extensive bruise and local necrosis of the oral mucosa developed. After healing of the involved tissues, the canal was prepared and obturated. At this time, no clinical symptoms remained.. * The use of concentrated NaOCl as a root canal irrigant might cause severe clinical problems when extruded into vital tissues. * The present report confirms the known toxicity of NaOCl to soft tissues following inadvertent extrusion. * To avoid extrusion, it is always prudent to confirm the length and integrity of the root canal system before irrigating with concentrated solutions.

Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Lip; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Necrosis; Odontometry; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Resorption; Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite, or NaOCl, is one of the most commonly used irrigating solutions in endodontic practice. Its clinically proven antibacterial, solvent and lubricating properties make it a very appealing choice as an intracanal medicament.. The authors present a case of facial hematoma formation after an inadvertent injection of NaOCl into the periapical tissues. The NaOCl solution caused extensive tissue destruction. Management of the condition required the hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy and multiple intraoral surgical incisions to facilitate drainage.. Use of NaOCl must be confined to the root canal system. This report reviews this intracanal medicament's potential toxicity and emphasizes the need for clinicians to remain cognizant of possible problems while using the solution.

Topics: Cellulitis; Cuspid; Ecchymosis; Face; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Medical Errors; Middle Aged; Orbital Diseases; Periapical Tissue; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Obturation; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Face; Hematoma; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Animals; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Blood Flow Velocity; Carotid Arteries; Centrifugation; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Complement Inactivator Proteins; Complement System Proteins; Dogs; Extracorporeal Circulation; Hematocrit; Hematoma; Heparin; Jugular Veins; Methods; Oxidation-Reduction; Plasma; Plasma Volume; Sodium Hypochlorite; Time Factors