sodium-hypochlorite and Fluorosis--Dental

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for removal of stains caused by dental fluorosis in young patients. A clinical trial involved 33 patients with diffuse opacities on the enamel surfaces of maxillary incisors due to effects of dental fluorosis. The protocol of treatment 3 steps: (1) cleaning and enamel etching with 37% phosphoric acid in order to eliminate the layer that covers the fluorotic enamel surface and allow better penetration of the bleaching agent, (2) application of 5% sodium hypochlorite to remove stains caused by organic material, and (3) filling the opened micro-cavities with a light-cured, composite surface sealant to prevent restaining. The whiteness of the enamel lesions before and after treatment were expressed in L*, a*, and b* color space measurements using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR300. Analysis of parameters of [symbol:see text]E (L*, a*, b*) showed that changes were observed in the L* (brightness) and a* (redness), which paralleled the [symbol: see text]E differences. There was no significant difference in the b* (yellow) parameter. The technique described in this study appears to have advantages over other methods for improving the appearance of fluorotic lesions. It is simple, low cost, non invasive so the enamel keeps its structure, relatively rapid, and safe; it requires no special materials, and it can be used with safety on young permanent teeth.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Child; Colorimetry; Female; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Male; Oxidants; Resin Cements; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration

To evaluate the effects of different treatment time of 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and etching pattern in mild and moderate fluorotic enamel.. Forty-eight fluorotic molars were divided into two groups: mild and moderate fluorotic enamel which were classified by a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). Based on the application time (0s, 60s, 120s, 180s) of 5.25% NaOCl, each group was sectioned into four parts. Then the etched enamel was bonded with resin and tested to acquire μSBS. The statistical method was two-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at α = 0.05. Besides, fracture modes were observed under a stereo microscope. SEM was used to evaluated the enamel-etching pattern and organic content on the fluorotic enamel surface were investigated by ATR-FTIR.. Duration of 5.25% NaOCl at 60s or 120s significantly increased the μSBS of fluorotic enamel compared to 0s (p<0.05). Fracture modes indicated that dominating failures were set in the bonding interface but whose proportion decreased when 5.25% NaOCl was applied. The enamel-etching pattern in 180s was deepest under SEM. Spectra of enamel samples manifested an obvious and gradual removal of its organic phase after duration of NaOCl increased.. The maximal μSBS is acquired by using 5.25% NaOCl at 60s for mild fluorotic enamel but 120s for the moderate. The prolonged application time of 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching improves enamel-etching pattern. Treatment of 5.25% NaOCl decreases proteins on the fluorotic enamel surface.

Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Materials Testing; Sodium Hypochlorite

In this 2nd part, the current treatment of white spot lesions by erosion/infiltration is presented, beginning with a reminder of the principle of superficial infiltration, which enables most early carious lesions, fluorosis and post-traumatic lesions to be treated. However, this technique has met with frequent failures in cases of MIH or deep lesions of traumatic origin or those associated with fluorosis. For this reason a new deep infiltration technique is proposed: thanks to its global treatment concept, this enables all white spots to be treated. The place of whitening in these treatment options is discussed, with explanations of the main reasons for its failures.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Composite Resins; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Enamel Microabrasion; Ethanol; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Resins, Synthetic; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Injuries

Bleaching has been suggested by several authors in order to treat the unaesthetic aspect of dental fluorosis. Many results are, however, unsatisfactory. A different method, based on the structural characteristics of the fluorotic tooth and the organic and exogenous nature of fluorotic enamel stains, includes three principal stages: 1--enamel etching with 12% HCl in order to eliminate the posteruptive calcified layer that covers the fluorotic enamel surface and to denude the microcavities containing the organic elements; 2--application of pure manufactured sodium hypochlorite to remove these organic stains; and 3--filling the chemically opened microcavities with a light-cured dental adhesive to provide the tooth with a smooth and even surface and to prevent restaining. To improve the aesthetic aspect of intensely discolored teeth, it is possible to use a variety of tints available in several composite resin kits. Teeth with a rough enamel surface react more positively than ones with a smooth surface. The enamel adhesives provide better results than the amelo-dentinal ones.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Resin Cements; Silicates; Silicic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Surface Properties; Tooth Bleaching

Topics: Dental Pulp; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Bleaching

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Dental Enamel; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite

The sandpaper disk method for removing fluorosis stains from teeth was clinically evaluated in 93 teeth in 22 patients. A bleaching solution was first applied to the teeth, and then a sandpaper disk in a straight handpiece was rotated on the stained enamel surface. None of the patients complained of discomfort during or after the bleaching procedure.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethers; Female; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration