sodium-hypochlorite and Facial-Dermatoses

Root canal treatment forms an essential part of general dental practice. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics due to its ability to dissolve organic soft tissues in the root canal system and its action as a potent antimicrobial agent. Although NaOCl accidents created by extrusion of the irrigant through root apices are relatively rare and are seldom life-threatening, they do create substantial morbidity when they occur.. To date, NaOCl accidents have only been published as isolated case reports. Although previous studies have attempted to summarise the symptoms involved in these case reports, there was no endeavour to analyse the distribution of soft tissue distribution in those reports. In this review, the anatomy of a classical NaOCl accident that involves facial swelling and ecchymosis is discussed.. By summarising the facial manifestations presented in previous case reports, a novel hypothesis that involves intravenous infusion of extruded NaOCl into the facial vein via non-collapsible venous sinusoids within the cancellous bone is presented.. Understanding the mechanism involved in precipitating a classic NaOCl accident will enable the profession to make the best decision regarding the choice of irrigant delivery techniques in root canal débridement, and for manufacturers to design and improve their irrigation systems to achieve maximum safety and efficient cleanliness of the root canal system.

Topics: Accidents; Ecchymosis; Edema; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Disinfectants; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pruritus; Sodium Hypochlorite; Water Purification

A sodium hypochlorite accident is a rare event in adults, but even more so in children. The purposes of this paper were to: report the case of a one-year, 10-month-old toddler who was treated under general anesthesia for early childhood caries, incurred a sodium hypochlorite accident following attempted pulpectomy in his primary maxillary central incisors, but made a full recovery without any sequelae after a typical four to six weeks course of disease; review the pertinent literature; and give recommendations on how to minimize the potential occurrence of such incidents.

Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Exposure; Ecchymosis; Edema; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Incisor; Infant; Maxilla; Pulpectomy; Pulpitis; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth, Deciduous

Complex treatment of 49 patients with phlegmons of the maxillofacial area is described. The UV irradiation of blood and sodium hypochlorite possessing a marked antimicrobial and necrolytic effect included in the treatment of 25 of the patients were found to effectively decrease the endogenous intoxication.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Blood; Cellulitis; Disinfectants; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Jaw; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Hypochlorite; Suppuration; Ultraviolet Rays