sodium-hypochlorite and Disease-Models--Animal

Biofilms are believed to be a source of chronic inflammation in non-healing wounds.. In this study, the pre-clinical anti-biofilm efficacy of several wound cleansers was examined using the Calgary minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and ex vivo porcine dermal explant (PDE) models on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans biofilms.. A surfactant-based cleanser and antimicrobial-based cleansers containing ionic silver, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) were tested on the MBEC model biofilms with a 10-minute application time. Select cleansers were then tested on the mature PDE biofilms with 10-minute applications followed by the application of cleanser-soaked gauze. The PDE model was further expanded to include single and daily applications of the cleansers to mimic daily and 72-hour dressing changes.. In the MBEC model, PHMB- and HOCl-based cleansers reduced immature MRSA, C albicans, and P aeruginosa biofilm regrowth by > 3× when compared with silver, surfactant, and saline cleansers. The major differences could be elucidated in the PDE model in which, after daily application, 1 PHMB-based cleanser showed a statistically significant reduction (3-8 CFU/mL log reduction) in all mature biofilms tested, while a NaOCl-based cleanser showed significant reduction in 2 microorganisms (3-5 CFU/mL log reduction, P aeruginosa and MRSA).The other PHMB-based cleanser showed a statistically significant 3 log CFU/mL reduction in P aeruginosa. The remaining cleansers showed no statistically significant difference from the saline control.. Results confirm that there are model-dependent differences in the outcomes of these studies, suggesting the importance of model selection for product screening. The results indicate that 1 PHMB-based cleanser was effective in reducing mature P aeruginosa, MRSA, and C albicans biofilms and that sustained antimicrobial presence was necessary to reduce or eliminate these mature biofilms.

Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Biofilms; Detergents; Disease Models, Animal; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Silver; Sodium Hypochlorite; Swine; Wound Healing

This study evaluates radiographically the efficacy of 4 revascularization protocols in necrotic-infected immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis (AP).. Forty double-rooted immature premolar teeth from 4 female beagle dogs aged 5 months were used. Four teeth were left untouched as negative controls; the other 36 teeth were infected to develop pulp necrosis and AP following different treatment protocols. Four teeth were left untreated and assigned to the positive control group, and the last 28 teeth were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups of 8 teeth: A1, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + a blood clot; A2, NaOCl + platelet-rich plasma (PRP); B1, NaOCl + modified triantibiotic paste (mTAP) + a blood clot; and B2, NaOCl + mTAP + PRP. Teeth were monitored radiographically for 6 months regarding healing of periapical radiolucencies, thickening of the dentinal walls, and apical closure of roots.. Significant differences (P < .05) between the 4 groups were evident in the percentage of teeth showing improvement of periapical radiolucencies (62.5%), continued radiographic thickening of radicular walls (53.1%), radiographic apical closure (43.8%), and deposition of hard tissue on radicular dentin walls (53.1%). Group B2 showed maximal improvement in the 3 variables assessed (P < .05). Group A1 showed the minimum percentages in the 3 parameters assessed (P < .05).. These results suggest that an intracanal dressing of mTAP and the use of PRP as scaffold improves the success rate of the revascularization procedure.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bicuspid; Calcium Compounds; Dental Pulp; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Female; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Oxides; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontal Dressings; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Random Allocation; Silicates; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome

The present study aimed at developing an experimental model in rat molars for evaluating treatment strategies in necrotic immature teeth.. To define the periods to be adopted in the experimental procedures and to confirm induction of periapical lesions and interruption of root embryogenesis, the left lower first molars of 4-weeks-old Wistar rats underwent pulpectomy and were left open to the oral environment. Comparisons with the right lower first molars (vital teeth) were performed in animals with ages of 7, 10, 13, and 16 weeks. In another group of animals the teeth were left open for 3 weeks, and then interventions for disinfection including the use of an antibiotic paste were carried out. Root formation was then assessed after 3 and 6 weeks on the basis of radiographic and histologic evaluation.. Vital teeth showed increase of root length and hard tissue thickness throughout the experimental periods. On the other hand, induction of necrosis arrested root formation. Teeth subjected to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite associated with the triple antibiotic paste showed significant reduction of periapical lesions, gain in root length, and increased wall thickness compared with the control (P < .05).. The root canal disinfection protocol used was able to reduce periapical lesion size and improve root development. The experimental model presented should contribute to studies that aim at improving therapeutic strategies for necrotic immature teeth by using a rat model.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apexification; Cementogenesis; Ciprofloxacin; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Metronidazole; Minocycline; Odontogenesis; Periapical Periodontitis; Radiography; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Apex; Tooth, Nonvital

The goal of research is learning the change dynamic of "mature" fibrin in ridneys parenchyma in treatment of experimental bilious peritonitis with sodium hypochlorite. The work was made on 31 mongrel dogs, which were divided into two groups: control and experimental. It was revealed on with 24-hours experimental bilious peritonitis the presence of hyaline cylinders in the lumen of glomerular capillaries, which give a positive reaction to the "mature" fibrin. On the 3rd day of treatment with sodium hypochlorite in kidneys was revealed "mature" fibrin mostly extravascular localization with the significant decrease both the average size of "mature" fibrin and its volume fraction, which completely disappeared. what was the evidence of the arresting of hemocoagulation disorders under the influence of sodium hypochlorite.

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Fibrin; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Oxidants; Peritonitis; Sodium Hypochlorite

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and povidone iodine (PI) are rarely used concurrently despite a lack of evidence regarding functional incompatibility of these agents.. CHG and PI, alone and combined, were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible S aureus [MSSA] and methicillin-resistant S aureus [MRSA]), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using checkerboard microbroth dilution techniques. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the concentration (percent wt/vol) that reduced bacterial burden ≥ 5-log(10) colony-forming units/mL at 2 hours when compared with bacterial densities in growth controls. Fractional bactericidal concentration indexes (FBCIs) were calculated to determine CHG and PI compatibility. Additionally, tissue plugs from freshly excised porcine vaginal mucosa were infected with S aureus (MSSA), treated for 2 hours with CHG 3%, PI 5%, or CHG 3% and PI 5% combined and then viable bacteria on the tissue plugs enumerated.. In broth, CHG demonstrated dose-dependent bactericidal activity, whereas PI activity was all-or-none. All isolates studied were similarly susceptible to CHG (MBCs: 0.0078% ± 0.0019%, 0.0069% ± 0.0026%, 0.0024% ± 0.0005%, 0.0024% ± 0.0005%, 0.0059% ± 0.0%, and 0.0029% ± 0.0%, respectively). The MBCs of PI were identical (0.625%) for all isolates. Overall, FBCI calculations showed indifference. Treatment of MSSA-infected porcine tissue for 2 hours demonstrated that the CHG-PI combination was superior to either antiseptic alone.. FBCIs, determined in broth culture, indicate that combining CHG and PI had no negative impact on antisepsis. Moreover, data from an ex vivo porcine mucosal infection model suggest a potential benefit when combining the 2 antiseptic agents.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Cross Infection; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Mucous Membrane; Povidone-Iodine; Sodium Hypochlorite; Swine; Treatment Outcome

Presented are the results of experimental research on 144 animals (the rats Wistar), on whom was carried out resection of a part of large intestine and a intestinal anastamosis was formed in the presents of acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. The sanitation of abdominal cavity in the basic group of animals (74) was performed using sodium hypochlorite solution and dissolved ozone. The intestinal lavage was carried out by dissolved ozone with the subsequent introduction of ozonized oil Ozonide in the area of intestinal anastamosis. The combined application of ozone and sodium produces an expressed samative effect which leads to healing of intestinal anastamosis and decreases unstability of intestinal sutures and mortality.

Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Intestinal Obstruction; Oxidants, Photochemical; Ozone; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Remission Induction; Sodium Hypochlorite

Experimental (200 experiments) and clinical (in 46 patients) investigations have shown that immobilized forms of sodium hypocloride in methylcellulose gel makes the lethality level 1.9 times lower and the formation of abdominal adhesions 1.8 times less in experimental peritonitis. In patients with diffuse peritonitis this form restores the propulsive ability of the intestinal tube 2 times quicker and makes lethality 2.7 times less.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidants; Peritoneal Lavage; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

The prognosis of replanted teeth depends on several factors, the most important being the length of extra-oral dry time. Studies show that after 60 min dry time, root resorption is predicted. Immediate intracanal placement of Ledermix, a paste containing triamcinolone (corticosteroid) and demeclocycline (tetracycline) has been shown to inhibit root resorption after extended dry time. However, discoloration is possible from the tetracycline in Ledermix. To evaluate the individual influence of corticosteroid and tetracycline on external root resorption after extended extra-oral dry time. Sixty-nine premolar roots of four beagle dogs were extracted and instrumented with NiTi files. Group 1 (negative control) was immediately replanted after root filling with GP and sealer; Group 2 (positive control) was root filled with GP and sealer and replanted after 60 min dry time; In groups 3-5, the canals were filled with Ledermix, Triamcinolone, and Demeclocycline, respectively, and replanted after 60 min dry time. After 4 months, the dogs were sacrificed and the roots were examined histologically for type of healing (favorable or unfavorable) and remaining root diameter. The groups treated with Ledermix, Triamcinolone and Demeclocycline had statistically significantly more favorable healing (75.8%; 69.8%; 52.4%) and more remaining root structure (5.59; 5.48; 5.09) than the group filled with GP and sealer (positive control) (0; 1.15). Corticosteroids were as effective as Ledermix at inhibiting external root resorption.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Demeclocycline; Dental Alloys; Desiccation; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Edetic Acid; Epoxy Resins; Glucocorticoids; Gutta-Percha; Nickel; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Root Resorption; Sodium Hypochlorite; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Replantation; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Wound Healing

In human subjects 15-min exposure to 0.5-1.0 ppm chlorine gas causes a nasal obstructive response in the absence of a marked sensation of irritation. The current investigation was designed to assess the response of the mouse for comparative purposes. Respiratory physiological responses were measured in female C57Bl/6J mice exposed to 0.8 to 4.0 ppm chlorine gas. Chlorine was a potent sensory irritant with an RD50 of 2.3 ppm. The gas produced airway obstruction as indicated by a concentration-dependent increase in specific airways resistance (sRaw) during the 15-min exposure. At 0.8 ppm, chlorine produced only mild sensory irritation (<20% change in breathing frequency) and a 65% increase in sRaw. Pretreatment with atropine was without effect on the obstructive response, suggesting a lack of involvement of muscarinic cholinergic pathways. Pretreatment with the sensory nerve toxin, capsaicin, dramatically reduced both the sensory irritation and obstructive responses to chlorine, suggesting the involvement of sensory nerves. Studies were also performed using the surgically isolated upper respiratory tract of the anesthetized mouse. Chlorine was efficiently scrubbed from the airstream (>97%) in that site and produced an obstructive response that was of sufficient magnitude to account for the entire response observed in the intact animal. In summary, chlorine gas produces an immediate nasal obstructive response in the mouse that appears to be similar to that in the human.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Animals; Atropine; Capsaicin; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chlorine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Inhalation Exposure; Irritants; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Respiratory System; Sodium Hypochlorite

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical and periapical repair after endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and a chronic periapical lesion in dogs. Seventy-two root canals from four mongrel dogs were submitted to biomechanical preparation, using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate as the irrigating solution. The root canals were subsequently either filled immediately with Sealapex, using active lateral gutta-percha condensation, or a calcium hydroxide root canal dressing was applied for 15 days before filling with Sealapex. After 210 days, the animals were killed by anesthetic overdose, and the obtained histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopic analysis of apical and periapical repair. There was better histological repair in the groups with the root canal dressing (p < 0.05) than the groups with immediate obturation. Comparing the immediate obturation groups, irrigation with chlorhexidine solution resulted in better repair than sodium hypochlorite.

Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Disease Models, Animal; Disinfectants; Dogs; Female; Gutta-Percha; Male; Periapical Diseases; Periapical Periodontitis; Periapical Tissue; Periodontal Ligament; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Therapy; Root Resorption; Salicylates; Sodium Hypochlorite; Statistics as Topic; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Wound Healing

An established wound model in the pig has been modified using a Stomahesive ring to enable study of the effects of fluids used in wound care. Full thickness wounds (up to 9 mm deep) were treated with the substances under test. Each application was held in place with a Stomahesive flange, the inner part of which had been excised as far as the hard plastic ring. All dressings were then covered with OpSite which allowed gaseous exchange whilst retaining treatment fluids and secretions. Wounds were treated immediately and at 2 and 4 days. The experiment was terminated after 7 days and the whole wound, with dressing, was excised for histological examination. The wounds covered with OpSite alone and those treated with sugar paste under Opsite were found to be infilled with granulation tissue over which epidermal migration was taking place. Those wounds which had been packed with gauze, to which had been added one of the following: chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, Irgasan 0.2%, povidone iodine 0.8% or EUSOL half-strength, showed delayed healing in that less infilling had taken place over the same time period. This delay could be attributed to the nature of the chemicals used and/or the influence of gauze packing. This delay in the healing of wounds treated with chemical agents was least with EUSOL half-strength and greatest with chlorhexidine. No toxic effects were observed with sugar paste which may be preferable to antiseptics for the management of dirty or infected wounds.

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bandages; Borates; Chlorhexidine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Ointments; Polyurethanes; Povidone-Iodine; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sucrose; Swine; Triclosan; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Chlorides; Detergents; Disease Models, Animal; Disinfectants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iodine; Melanoma; Mercury; Mice; Neoplasm Seeding; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Sarcoma, Experimental; Sodium Hypochlorite; Solutions; Therapeutic Irrigation