sodium-hypochlorite and Dermatitis--Contact

Six subjects, allergic to the elastic in their undergarments, were patch test-negative to the rubber components and new elastic from the suppliers. However, washing the rubber with sodium hypochlorite gave the subjects allergic responses due to the effect of bleach on the rubber accelerator, zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZDC). To identify the allergen, ZDC was reacted with the sodium hypochlorite, and the resultant gum was extracted with diethyl ether. Eight compounds were identified in the reaction mixture by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The individual components were tested on volunteers after sensitization to the reaction mixture was produced in 14 of 25 volunteers. One component, N,N-dibenzylcarbamyl chloride produced an allergic response in each sensitized volunteer.

Topics: Allergens; Carbamates; Chromatography, Gas; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clothing; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Interactions; Humans; Laundering; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Patch Tests; Rubber; Sodium Hypochlorite; Zinc

A 12-year-old girl, with a previous history of bronchial reaction and contact dermatitis to sodium hypochlorite, was referred for root canal treatment. Complete immunologic evaluation revealed a mild hypersensitivity condition, as it was assessed by the RAST investigation to different allergens and the DTH reactivity expressed though migration inhibition test. The absence of a serious immunologic disregulation in the patient's immunologic profile justified the term 'non-allergic hypersensitivity' to sodium hypochlorite to describe the condition.

Topics: Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Cell Migration Inhibition; Chelating Agents; Child; Dermatitis, Contact; Disinfectants; Edetic Acid; Female; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Isotonic Solutions; Peroxides; Radioallergosorbent Test; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Hypochlorite; T-Lymphocytes; Urea; Waxes; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Borates; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite; Wounds and Injuries

12 young men developed allergic contact dermatitis from wearing yellow cotton sweaters. We attempted to identify the causative agents by an experimental screening method in animals. Guinea pigs were sensitized with an acetone extract of the sweater material, by means of the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Active ingredients were then separated from the extract, by step-by-step patch test screening of chromatographic fractions in the guinea pigs, and finally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although there were 2 allergens with important activity (1 in the fraction eluted from the silica gel column with hexane, and 1 in the methanol fraction), the present study is focussed on the fat-soluble allergens in the hexane fraction. GC-MS analysis revealed that 4 kinds of phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones (PCPHs) were present in the hexane fraction. PCPHs prepared in our laboratory showed strong eliciting activities, not only in the guinea pigs sensitized with the extract, but also in a male volunteer sensitized by exposure to a yellow sweater during irritancy testing. Phosgene (2,5-dichlorophenyl)hydrazone, which was the main component among the PCPHs found in the sweater, sensitized guinea pigs even at the 1 ppm level. From these results, we conclude that PCPHs were one of the allergens responsible for the cases.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Clothing; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hydrazones; Japan; Male; Patch Tests; Phosgene; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Acriflavine; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite

2 patients are reported with chronic hand dermatitis related to sensitization to sodium hypochlorite, as the active component in a bleaching product. To avoid irritant reactions in patch testing, a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 1.0% appeared to be useful. It is concluded that with regard to the frequent use of bleaching agents, allergy to sodium hypochlorite must be considered in certain cases of unidentified chronic allergic hand dermatitis.

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Household Products; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Hypochlorite; Surgery, Veterinary

"Eau de Javel" (liquid bleach) is a common cause of chromate contact allergy. A historical review explains the reasons for the addition of sodium dichromate after the First World War. The chromium content in different brands of eau de Javel has been determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicate that the chromium content is very low (0.03--3.65 mg/l) in French brands, whereas it is still important (7.06--82.9 mg/l) in Belgian brands, such an observation indicates that the almost complete removal of chromate in most brands of French eaux de Javel is a good example of prevention in the field of contact dermato-alllergology.

Topics: Belgium; Chromates; Chromium; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; France; Italy; Sodium Hypochlorite; Spain

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Hypochlorite