sodium-hypochlorite and Chronic-Disease

Bacterial colonization and infection are important factors in compromised wound healing, particularly in chronic wounds. Although "best practice" for controlling these factors currently is not defined, systemic antibiotics are generally accepted as the preferred choice for treating infection, provided ischemia does not reduce their bioavailability. However, widespread use of systemic and topical antibiotics is associated with the emergence of resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Colonization of wounds presents a double problem--potentially delayed healing and a potential source for cross-contamination. The judicious use of dressings, notably those containing certain antiseptic agents, can be a valuable option to control infection and promote healing. A review of the literature underscores the importance of considering the antiseptic route as part of a concerted approach to wound management and infection control.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bandages; Benchmarking; Biofilms; Biological Availability; Chlorhexidine; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Evidence-Based Medicine; Honey; Humans; Infection Control; Iodine Compounds; Potassium Permanganate; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Silver Compounds; Skin Care; Sodium Hypochlorite; Wound Healing; Wound Infection

Topics: Autopsy; Blood Donors; Blood Transfusion; Carrier State; Chronic Disease; Cross Infection; Ethylene Oxide; Formaldehyde; gamma-Globulins; Glutaral; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Laboratory Infection; Lactones; Preventive Health Services; Propionates; Renal Dialysis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sterilization

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on healing and postoperative pain after primary endodontic treatment.. One hundred mandibular molars with pulp necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: high-concentration (HC) 5% sodium hypochlorite and low-concentration (LC) 1% sodium hypochlorite. Root canal treatment was performed using a standardized protocol. Canals were prepared using equal volumes of respective irrigants after each instrument change. After chemomechanical preparation, the final flush was performed with 5 mL 17% EDTA solution followed by 5 mL 5% or 1% sodium hypochlorite depending on the group. All patients were asked to record the degree of pain on a visual analog scale every 24 hours for 1 week. At the second visit, canals were obturated, and the teeth were restored permanently. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed every 3 months for 12 months. The data collected were statistically analyzed.. Eighty-six teeth were available for evaluation at the 1-year follow-up. The overall healing rate observed was 76.7%. Greater healing was observed in the HC (81.4%) group compared with the LC group (72.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). No significant differences in pain incidence and pain scores were found between the 2 groups (P >.05), with lower values reported in the LC group.. The use of LC or HC sodium hypochlorite did not result in a significant difference in the clinical outcome.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Molar; Pain, Postoperative; Periapical Periodontitis; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Young Adult

To determine a selected concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in saline solution for nasal lavage and evaluate its clinical efficiency in the treatment of symptomatic patients with persistent, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) associated rhinosinusitis (RS).. In vitro tests for cilia and epithelial cell viability were done on reconstituted primary epithelial cells in vitro. Cells were exposed for 5 and 15 minutes twice daily for 5 consecutive days to one of the following conditions, (1) saline, (2) 0.5% NaOCl in saline, and (3) 0.05% NaOCl in saline. In order to evaluate tolerance, immunostaining was done for ezrin and F-actin network and observed with confocal microscopy. The patients (n=20) were all persistent SA symptomatic carriers, with unique patient-specific SA clonotypes, and multiple infection recurrence despite effective systemic antibiotic therapy. Each patient applied first saline alone for 3 months followed by saline + 0.05% NaOCl solution, as nasal lavage twice daily on both nostrils for 3 months. Symptom intensity and endoscopic findings were recorded with visual analogue scale (VAS). Nasal airway resistance (NAR) and nasal Nitric Oxide (NO) levels were measured before and after the saline lavage regimen, and after the saline + NaOCl treatment.. F-actin network loss and decreased expression of ezrin were significant in cells exposed to 0.5%, but not in those exposed to 0.05% NaOCl. These changes were more obvious when exposed for 15 min. than 5 min. daily. The nasal lavage with 0.05% NaOCl in saline was well tolerated and a significant improvement in nasal obstruction (p = 0.001), posterior nasal discharge (p = 0.018), olfaction (p = 0.007) and headache (p = 0.009) was demonstrated. Significant improvement was also recorded in nasal endoscopic grading of oedema (p = 0.001), erythema (p = 0.001), purulent discharge (p = 0.002), nasal crusts (p = 0.001), and NAR (p = 0.05) as measured by rhinomanometry. There was no significant improvement in nasal NO production or subjective anterior nasal discharge. Bacteriological cultures of middle meatus secretions collected one month after the end of the treatment revealed the persistence of SA.. Nasal lavage with 0.05% NaOCl solution in saline is suitable for long-term use and seems to be a good alternative to lavage with saline alone in the management of symptomatic RS associated with recurrent SA infections due to patient-specific SA clonotypes.

Topics: Actins; Adult; Chronic Disease; Disinfectants; Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Hypochlorite; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Therapeutic Irrigation

Scaling and root planning is more and more associated with subgingival irrigation in chronics periodontal treatment. It is unreasonable to expect to control periodontal infections by mechanical treatment alone. Most patients do not achieve the necessary level of manual dexterity or motivation to control their plaque at home. It is rather better to deliver antimicrobial agents directly into the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of subgingival irrigation associated to periodontal scaling on the clinical parameters and to compare the effects of chlorhexidine (Eludril) and sodium hypochlorite (Dakin Cooper) on adult's chronics periodontitis treatment. At the level of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Bleeding on Probing, the results show that Eludril irrigation associated to scaling is lightly efficacious than Dakin cooper irrigation associated to scaling. And, the last one also is lightly efficacious than scaling alone. However, at the level of pocket depth, scaling alone has been also effective than scaling associated with subgingival irrigation.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Chronic Disease; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Therapeutic Irrigation

The objective was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical preparation of the root canals with sodium hypochlorite and interappointment medication with calcium hydroxide in the control of root canal infection and healing of periapical lesions. Fifty teeth diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: Single visit (SV group, n = 20), calcium hydroxide for one week (CH group n = 18), or leaving the canal empty but sealed for one week (EC group, n = 12). Microbiological samples were taken to monitor the infection during treatment. Periapical healing was controlled radiographically following the change in the periapical index at 52 wk and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. All cases showed microbiological growth in the beginning of the treatment. After mechanical preparation and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite in the first appointment, 20 to 33% of the cases showed growth. At the second appointment 33% of the cases in the CH group revealed bacteria, whereas the EC group showed remarkably more culture positive cases (67%). Sodium hypochlorite was effective also at the second appointment and only two teeth remained culture positive. Only minor differences in periapical healing were observed between the treatment groups. However, bacterial growth at the second appointment had a significant negative impact on healing of the periapical lesion (p < 0.01). The present study indicates good clinical efficacy of sodium hypochlorite irrigation in the control of root canal infection. Calcium hydroxide dressing between the appointments did not show the expected effect in disinfection the root canal system and treatment outcome, indicating the need to develop more efficient inter-appointment dressings.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Chronic Disease; Dental Pulp Cavity; Disinfectants; Follow-Up Studies; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Periapical Periodontitis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing

In order to assess the reported efficacy of natural honey in the healing of chronic ulcers, the efficacy of locally applied natural honey was compared to that of Eusol solution in an open trial involving 20 patients with sickle cell anaemia (SS) who were in steady clinical states and had chronic leg ulceration. All patients were admitted to hospital for the 4 week duration of the trial for bed rest, daily aseptic dressings, and weekly measurement of the size of the ulcer. Fifteen patients with a total of 19 leg ulcers were evaluable at the end of the trial. Eleven ulcers were dressed with honey while 8 were dressed with Eusol. No significant differences were found in rates of healing of the ulcers in either treatment groups. This trial does not support the suggestion that natural honey is superior to Eusol in the healing of chronic sickle cell leg ulceration.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Borates; Chronic Disease; Female; Honey; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Male; Sodium Hypochlorite

To compare topical diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) with Edinburgh University solution of lime (EUSOL) in terms of rate of ulcer healing, analgesic and antibacterial properties in non-malignant chronic leg ulcers.. A prospective randomized controlled study.. Muhimbili National Hospital surgical wards from August 2000 to September 2001.. One hundred and two patients with non-malignant chronic leg ulcers of various aetiologies, 50 in the study (phenytoin)group and 52 in the control(EUSOL) group.. Study group studied by sprinkling phenytoin powder and the control group with EUSOL, in both groups the ulcers were addressed daily and followed up for 28 days or until they epithelialised or were ready for skin grafting. The data collected included demographic characteristics of patients, aetiology of the ulcers, pus discharge, severity of pain due to the ulcers, bacterial cultures from ulcer swabs, rate of reduction in mean ulcer surface area and outcome of treatment.. The study enrolled 67 male and 35 female patients over a 14 month period (August to September 2001). Fifty patients formed the study group and 52 formed the controls. The age range was 12-56 years; the majority being in the 27-31 year age group. Major causes of chronic leg ulcers were those infected following trauma (27.5%), chronic non-specific inflammations (21.6%) and infected burn wounds (15.7%). At enrolment, the duration of ulcers ranged from 3-156 weeks and 3-128 weeks in the phenytoin and control groups respectively. Overall, there was significant reduction in pain(p < 0.05) on day seven in the phenytoin group. Furthermore in patients who presented with severe pain, there was a significant reduction in pain in the phenytoin group on the fourteenth day (p < 0.01). Clearance of ulcer discharge was also significant in the phenytoin group on the seventh and fourteenth day of treatment(p < 0.05). The commonest bacteria isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa (54.9%) and staphylococcus aureus (10.8%). However, bacterial colonization clearance was not statistically significant when the two groups were compared. The rate of formation of healthy granulation tissue was highly significant in the phenytoin group by the fourteenth and twenty first days of treatment (p < 0.001). The phenytoin group showed significant reduction in the mean ulcer surface area on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 (p < 0.05). Chronic ulcers due to animal bites healed fastest followed by those due to trauma.. Phenytoin powder is cheap and easily applied topically on ulcers, effectively relieves pain, clears discharge and enhances formation of granulation tissue thereby promoting healing; reducing morbidity and financial burden enabling its use in resource-poor environments.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Borates; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Male; Pain Measurement; Phenytoin; Prospective Studies; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sodium Hypochlorite; Staphylococcus aureus; Time; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing

A randomized controlled trial of Solcoseryl, DuoDerm and conventional conservative therapy with Eusol has been performed in 32 patients with homozygous sickle-cell (SS) disease. After 12 weeks' baseline observation, patients were randomized to one of three therapies and monitored for a further 12 weeks. Of 44 ulcerated legs, 20 received control treatment, 12 Solcoseryl and 12 DuoDerm. DuoDerm was generally unacceptable, and two-thirds of the patients defaulted from this treatment. Solcoseryl increased ulcer healing compared to the controls but the difference was not significant. Solcoseryl was well tolerated and may have a role in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers of sickle-cell disease.

Topics: Actihaemyl; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Anti-Infective Agents; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Borates; Chronic Disease; Colloids; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Occlusive Dressings; Sodium Hypochlorite

A 13-month-old girl presented with chronic keratoconjunctivitis with dermatitis. She was initially diagnosed with corneal abrasion and mild preseptal cellulitis and was treated with topical and oral antibiotics. After failing to respond to standard therapy, she was eventually identified as a victim of abuse. We discuss key findings that could have provoked earlier recognition.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child Abuse; Chronic Disease; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Dermatitis; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Keratoconjunctivitis; Orbital Cellulitis; Recurrence; Sodium Hypochlorite; Vision, Binocular; Visual Acuity

To describe a case in which a mandibular right second premolar with a necrotic pulp, sinus tract, periradicular radiolucency and an immature apex underwent revascularization via a single treatment approach.. Revascularization procedures have the potential to heal a partially necrotic pulp, which can be beneficial for the continued root development of immature teeth. However, it is not clear which revascularization protocols are the most effective. This case report details the outcome of a successful revascularization procedure on tooth 45 (FDI) in a 12-year-old patient, eliminating the associated periapical pathosis within 19 months. The tooth was treated using coronal root irrigation with 6% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine without instrumentation in a single visit. The successful outcome of this case report suggests that this conservative revascularization treatment approach can preserve the vitality of the dental pulp stem cells and create a suitable environment for pulp regeneration, resulting in the completion of root maturation.. The noninstrumentation procedure using 6% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine coronal irrigation may help preserve the remaining vital dental pulp stem cells believed to be critical for pulp revascularization. A single visit pulp revascularization protocol can be a favourable treatment option for an immature permanent tooth with a partially necrotic pulp.

Topics: Child; Chlorhexidine; Chronic Disease; Dental Fistula; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Female; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Periapical Abscess; Regeneration; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite; Stem Cells; Tooth Apex

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intraosseous; Male; Mandibular Injuries; Middle Aged; Osteogenesis; Osteomyelitis; Oxidants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome

To study generation of active oxygen forms in the whole blood of patients with chronic bronchitis and correction of the detected disorders.. By means of registration of spontaneous and staphylococcus-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) of the whole blood, generation of active oxygen forms in 73 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) has been studied.. By the intensity of luminescence, all the examinees were divided into two groups. In group 1 LDCL was high, in group 2 LDCL was under the control level. Combined treatment of group 1 patients included inhalations of ceruloplasmin antioxidant. Patients of group 2 were administered sodium hypochlorite that possesses prooxidation properties. Compared to conventional treatment, the above two treatments produced marked positive changes in the studied indices and clinical symptoms.. The method of chemiluminescence registration of the whole blood allows validation of pathogenetic therapy of patients with CB and improves outcomes of the treatment.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Blood Cells; Blood Donors; Bronchitis; Ceruloplasmin; Chronic Disease; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Disinfectants; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Middle Aged; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Therapy; Sodium Hypochlorite

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of bacterial reduction with nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation and 1.25% NaOCl irrigation. Also, the additional antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide for >1 wk was tested. Forty-two subjects with radiographic and clinical signs of chronic apical periodontitis were recruited. The canals were sampled before treatment, during and after instrumentation, and after treatment with calcium hydroxide and the samples incubated anaerobically for 7 days at 37 degrees C. The bacteria from each sample were quantified and the log10 values were used for calculations and comparisons. The initial sample confirmed infection of the canals. There was a significantly greater pattern of reduction of bacteria when NaOCl was used as an irrigant, compared with sterile saline (p < 0.05). After instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation, 61.9% of canals were rendered bacteria-free. The placement of calcium hydroxide for at least 1 wk rendered 92.5% of the canals bacteria free. This was a significant reduction, compared with NaOCl irrigation alone (p = 0.0001). The results of this study indicate that NaOCl irrigation with rotary instrumentation is an important step in the reduction of canal bacteria during endodontic treatment. However this method could not consistently render canals bacteria-free. The addition of calcium hydroxide intracanal medication should be used to more predictably attain this goal.

Topics: Anaerobiosis; Analysis of Variance; Bacteria; Calcium Hydroxide; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Alloys; Dental Pulp Cavity; Disinfectants; Equipment Design; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Linear Models; Nickel; Periapical Periodontitis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Hypochlorite; Statistics as Topic; Time Factors; Titanium

The objective of the present study was to evaluate radiographically and bacteriologically apical and periapical repair in dogs' teeth with induced chronic periapical lesions with the use of two different operative techniques (techniques 1 and 2). The study was conducted on 40 root canals of upper and lower premolars from two dogs aged approximately 12 months. Periapical lesions were induced by leaving the root canals exposed to the oral environment for 5 days and then sealing them with zinc oxide-eugenol for 45 days. After this period, radiographic examination revealed the occurrence of a radiolucent lesion and endodontic treatment was started. The two techniques did not differ in terms of chemomechanical preparation, final filling, or type of cement, but differed in terms of irrigating solution and the presence of an antibacterial dressing. Thus 4% to 6% hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide (10 volumes) were used in technique 1 during chemomechanical preparation and an antibacterial dressing based on calcium hydroxide was applied between sessions, whereas Dakin's fluid (0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution) and a final filling with no antibacterial dressing were used in technique 2. After chemomechanical preparation, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha cones and Sealapex (Sealapex-Sybron, Kerr, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and the animals were killed 270 days after the final filling. Blocks were cut into 6-microns sections and stained by the Brown and Brenn method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Calcium Hydroxide; Camphor; Chi-Square Distribution; Chlorophenols; Chronic Disease; Dental Cementum; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Endotoxins; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periapical Periodontitis; Radiography; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chronic Disease; Cloxacillin; Costs and Cost Analysis; Environmental Health; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Sodium Hypochlorite; United Kingdom

Topics: Child; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Clothing; Detergents; Diagnosis, Differential; Duodenal Diseases; Enteritis; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Pancreatitis; Radiography; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sucking Behavior