sodium-ethylxanthate and Skin-Neoplasms

The matter of sex differences in survival from melanoma is more complex than generally recognized, and at least 6 factors, some of which appear to be interrelated, must be conisdered: location of the primary melanoma; stage of disease at presentation; endocrine factors; immunologic factors; pattern of metastatic spread (i.e., lymphogenic versus hematogenic), and environmental and behavioral characteristics. Extremity melanomas have a more favorable prognosis than axial melanomas, but, after allowance for tumor site, women still fare better than men. There appears to be a stage-by-stage difference in favor of women for survival. This applies to clinical stages (stage 1, local disease; stage 2, regional spread; and stage 3, distant metastases), as well as to pathologic microstages. Some authors have inferred that female advantage disappears once the disease has metastasized. No valid explanation for this observation has ever been advanced, and careful review of the literature reveals a female superiority in survival at stage 2 or stage 3 disease as well as stage 1. Many recent studies have confirmed the ancient impression that the incidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is higher in men. Men tend to have an equal or shorter history before treatment, yet they have more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. They have an unfavorable outcome irrespective of lesion site, tumor thickness, histogenetic subtype, and clinical stage of disease. These data suggest that the disease develops more rapidly in men. Thus, the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cutaneous melanoma is more distinct in the male sex. The exacerbation of melanoma during pregnancy may be due to the increase of estrogens or to the elevated androgen levels. The first possibility is unlikely. The elevation of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and MSH levels may play a role. Several case-controlled studies have failed to reveal any overall relationship between prior history of oral contraceptive use and the development of melanoma. Because the role of estrogens (and hormones in general) in the course of melanoma is not yet satisfactorily established, oral contraceptives are best avoided. It is concluded that malignant melanoma may be a hormone-responsive tumor, despite the fact that the exact nature of such endocrine factors remains nebulous.

Topics: Androgens; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Estrogens; Family Planning Services; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Smoking

We present the evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in mouse cutaneous melanoma experimental model, as markers of disease evolution. Moreover, to test our experimental model, we have used low doses of dacarbazine (DTIC). C57 BL/6J mouse of both sexes were subjected to experimental cutaneous melanoma and treated with low doses of DTIC. Clinical parameters and serum cytokines were followed during tumor evolution and during DTIC therapy. Cytokine/chemokine pattern was assessed using xMAP technology and the following molecules were quantified: interleukins (IL)-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), interferon (IFN)-gamma, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC). Significant differences were found between normal females and males mice, female mice having a statistically higher serum concentration of IL-1-beta compared to male mice, while males have a significantly higher concentration of MIP-1-alpha. During melanoma evolution in the female group, IL-1-beta, MIP-1-alpha, and KC circulatory levels were found 10-fold increased, while other cytokines doubled their values. In the male mice group, only circulatory KC increased 4 times, while IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha doubled their circulatory values. Various serum cytokines correlated with the disease evolution in cutaneous melanoma mouse model.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Carcinogenesis; Cytokines; Dacarbazine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Melanoma; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Angiokeratoma; Child; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary; Eye Manifestations; Female; Humans; Male; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Denmark; Fascia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous; Prognosis; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neurilemmoma; Nose Neoplasms; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Surgery, Plastic

Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Neoplasms; Pigmentation; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; White People

Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Croton Oil; Female; Genetics; Lung Neoplasms; Maleates; Maleic Anhydrides; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pharmacology; Research; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Sex; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Coloring Agents; Ear Neoplasms; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Female; Hemangioma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Aging; Anxiety; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Lichen Planus; Mucous Membrane; Nails; Neoplasms; Psychology; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Child; Connecticut; Geriatrics; Humans; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; New York; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Denmark; Finland; France; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Norway; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Survival Rate; United Kingdom; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Contusions; Cysts; Ethnology; Eyebrows; Eyelids; Geriatrics; Hair Diseases; Hemorrhage; Histology; Humans; Infant; Pain; Pathology; Pediatrics; Pilomatrixoma; Prognosis; Pruritus; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Aging; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Japan; Neoplasms; Pathology; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight