sodium-ethylxanthate and Shock

From Wistar rats, data are presented which indicate that inbred females a) have a greater ability to clear particulate matter from the blood stream than do males of the same strain; b) are significantly more resistant to two different forms of lethal circulatory stress (e.g., intestinal ischemia and whole-body trauma) than are males; and c) exhibit a greater resistance to undergo reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic depression after both forms of lethal trauma than do males. Estradiol treatment of males, using either acute, massive (1 or 10 mg/kg) or multiple, low dose (10 or 100 mug/kg) regimens, confers trauma resistance on such animals. Such estradiol treated male rats exhibit hyperactive RES's. These estradiol-treated males, when subjected to either lethal ischemia or trauma, fail to demonstrate the early RES phagocytic depression seen in untreated controls. Untreated female as well as estradiol-treated male rats exhibit significantly higher arterial blood pressures post-trauma than do untreated male rats. Direct microscopic observation of rat mesenteries indicr whole-b0dy trauma, the untreated females as well as the estradiol-treated males exhibit significantly less dilatation of microscopic capacitance vessels (i.e., venules) than do untreated male rats. The data reported herein could be used to suggest that estrogenic hormones may play pivotal roles in a) the amelioration of an organism's reaction to systemic stress; and b) control of macrophage and peripheral vascular functions.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Colon; Estradiol; Estradiol Congeners; Estrogens; Female; Ischemia; Male; Microcirculation; Phagocytosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rotation; Sex; Shock

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Glucose; Heart Failure; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Potassium; Sex; Shock

Topics: Geriatrics; Humans; Mortality; Myocardial Infarction; Prognosis; Sex; Shock

The mortality from acute myocardial infarction has remained unchanged over the past three decades. The records of 200 patients hospitalized because of acute myocardial infarction were analyzed at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver. Criteria for diagnosis were autopsy evidence and electrocardiographic evidence of acute muscle necrosis. Sixty-two patients died, 30 in the first three days and 41 in the first week; 33 of these deaths were due to cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest or hypotension. Anticoagulants improved the mortality, but the degree of control was not a factor. Thromboembolism was significantly decreased by anticoagulants. Forty-nine patients died in shock; pressor amines did not improve the mortality in such cases. This study emphasizes the need for intensive care during the early critical period of the illness. Prompt adequate therapy of shock may improve the prognosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aging; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Anticoagulants; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Critical Care; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Electrocardiography; Geriatrics; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypotension; Intensive Care Units; Mortality; Myocardial Infarction; Sex; Shock; Statistics as Topic; Sympathomimetics; Thromboembolism

Topics: Adolescent; Cecum; Colon; Diagnosis; Geriatrics; Ileum; Intestinal Obstruction; Leukocytosis; Pathology; Radiography; Sex; Shock; Surgical Procedures, Operative