sodium-ethylxanthate and Multiple-Sclerosis

A person's sexual readjustment following a physical disability has traditionally been ignored by health care professionals. Since the occupational therapist often facilitates a person's resumption of activities of daily living, the therapist is in a special position to provide counseling. Understanding, support, and correct information are needed most. As derived from a search of the literature, sexual functioning is discussed in relation to the following disabilities: stroke, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, renal disease, spinal cord injury, pulmonary disease, arthritis, and alcoholism.

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Asthma; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coitus; Diabetes Mellitus; Disabled Persons; Ejaculation; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Libido; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Orgasm; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Spinal Cord Injuries; Testis; Vagina

MRI has provided insight into the pathophysiology and course of MS, particularly through the use of a paramagnetic contrast agent that allows visualization of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Neither the overall frequency of BBB breakdown in MS patients nor the characteristics associated with BBB breakdown in MS are known. We studied 68 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with three monthly MRIs to examine these questions. Seventy-eight percent of the RRMS patients studied had evidence of BBB breakdown on at least one MRI. While there was a great deal of variability among patients in terms of mean enhancing lesion frequency, BBB breakdown was associated with younger age at onset of disease, measured by age at first symptom or age at diagnosis, and more severe disease as measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale scores equal to or greater than 4.0. We found no relationship between BBB breakdown and duration of disease or gender. We conclude that BBB breakdown is a relatively common phenomenon in RRMS patients and may be most commonly found in patients with more aggressive disease and younger onset. These findings have implications for clinical trials that use MRI as an outcome measure.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Blood-Brain Barrier; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Recurrence; Sex

A population-based study of pairs of relatives (siblings, second- and third-degree) concordant for multiple sclerosis did not show an excess of like-sexed pairs. In addition, data on human lymphocyte antigen typing for sibling pairs concordant for multiple sclerosis did not find an increase in haplotype sharing for like-sexed pairs. These data do not support the notion that sex-related factors influence multiple-sclerosis susceptibility in families.

Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex

Many patients with multiple sclerosis and their relatives view the illness as untreatable and inevitably bringing progressive immobility and loss of independence. The optimistic theme of this article is that something can be done for most patients with the disease if disability and expectations are assessed individually.

Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Defecation; Humans; Locomotion; Multiple Sclerosis; Sensation; Sex; Speech; Tremor; Urination

Topics: Female; HLA Antigens; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Black People; Culture; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex; South Africa; White People

Topics: Aging; Attitude; Black or African American; Canada; Climate; Ethnology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Louisiana; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Physicians; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Consanguinity; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Norway; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Norway; Optic Neuritis; Sex

Topics: Aging; Ethnology; Geography; Humans; Israel; Jews; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aging; Female; Geography; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex; Texas

Topics: Adult; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aging; Female; Geography; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Poliomyelitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Seasons; Sex; Social Conditions

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Albumins; Alcoholism; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Circulation; Child; Child, Preschool; Climate; Cranial Nerves; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Nerve; Polyradiculopathy; Prognosis; Sex; Temperature; Thiamine; Tuberculosis

Topics: Aged; Aging; Australia; Genetics, Medical; Geography; Health Surveys; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adult; Aging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Middle Aged; MMPI; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurotic Disorders; Psychological Tests; Psychology; Sex; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Child; England; Epidemiology; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Poland; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex; Sex Characteristics