sodium-ethylxanthate and Lung-Neoplasms

To assess whether timing of initial post-diagnosis cancer care differs between American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, we accessed SEER-Medicare data for breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers (2001-2007). Medicare claims data were examined for initiation of cancer-directed treatment. Overall, AI/ANs experienced longer median times to starting treatment than NHWs (45 and 39 days, p < .001) and lower rates of treatment initiation (HR[95%CI]: 0.86[0.79-0.93]). Differences were largest for prostate (HR: 0.80[0.71-0.89]) and smallest for breast cancer (HR: 0.96[0.83-1.11]). American Indians / Alaska Natives also had elevated odds of greater than 10 weeks between diagnosis and treatment compared with NHWs (OR[95% CI]: 1.37[1.16-1.63]), especially for prostate cancer (OR: 1.41[1.14-1.76]). Adjustment for comorbidity and socio-demographic factors attenuated associations except for prostate cancer. In this insured population, we observed evidence that AI/ANs start cancer therapy later than NHWs. The modest magnitude of delays suggests that they are unlikely to be a determinant of survival disparities.

Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alaska; Alaskan Natives; Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Indians, North American; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Medicare; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Residence Characteristics; SEER Program; Sex; Socioeconomic Factors; Time-to-Treatment; United States; United States Indian Health Service; White People

The higher frequency of lung adenocarcinoma in women smokers than in men smokers suggests a role for gender-dependent factors in the etiology of lung cancer. We evaluated estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta expression and activity in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and normal lung fibroblasts. Full-length ERalpha and ERbeta proteins were expressed in all cell lines with higher ERbeta than ERalpha. Although estradiol (E(2)) binding was similar, E(2) stimulated proliferation only in cells from females, and this response was inhibited by anti-estrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and ICI 182,780. In contrast, E(2) did not stimulate replication of lung adenocarcinoma cells from males and 4-OHT or ICI did not block cell proliferation. Similarly, transcription of an estrogen response element-driven reporter gene was stimulated by E(2) in lung adenocarcinoma cells from females, but not males. Progesterone receptor (PR) expression was increased by E(2) in two out of five adenocarcinoma cell lines from females, but none from males. E(2) decreased E-cadherin protein expression in some of the cell lines from females, as it did in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not in the cell lines from males. Thus, ERalpha and ERbeta expression does not correlate with the effect of ER ligands on cellular activities in lung adenocarcinoma cells. On the other hand, coactivator DRIP205 expression was higher in lung adenocarcinoma cells from females versus males and higher in adenocarcinoma cells than in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. DRIP205 and other ER coregulators may contribute to differences in estrogen responsiveness between lung adenocarcinoma cells in females and males.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Cadherins; Cell Proliferation; Epithelial Cells; Estradiol; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Mediator Complex Subunit 1; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Receptors, Progesterone; Response Elements; RNA, Messenger; Sex; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To validate the influence of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in patients with operated primary non-small cell lung cancer.. From January 1996 to December 2001, 205 consecutive resections for non-small cell lung cancer were performed at the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam. The patients ranged in age from 29 to 82 years, with a mean age of 64 years. In a retrospective study, each patient was scaled according to the CCI and the complications of surgery were determined.. The hospital mortality was 2.4% (5/205). Of the 205 patients 167 (32.7%) experienced minor complications and 32 (15.6%) major complications. In univariate analysis, gender, grades 3-4 of the CCI, any prior tumor treated in the last 5 years and chronic pulmonary disease were significant predictors of adverse outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that only grades 3-4 of the CCI was predictive (odds ratio=9.8; 95% confidence interval=2.1-45.9). Although only comorbidity grades 3-4 was a significant predictor, for every increase of the comorbidity grade the relative risk of adverse outcome showed a slight increase.. The CCI is strongly correlated with higher risk of surgery in primary non-small cell lung cancer patients and is a better predictor than individual risk factors.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex

Topics: Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Sex; Smoking Cessation; Women's Health

Correlation coefficients for age-standardized incidence rates between cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum and lung over place (worldwide) and time (in Connecticut) vary from positive to negative values, indicating that these cancers are not caused by common environmental agents. Correlation coefficients for age-incidence patterns (the variation in age-specific rates with age) between these cancers, on the other hand, are all highly positive for both sexes. We conclude that the carcinogenic determinants that vary with age are common to the cancers studied and to both sexes, and distinct from the carcinogenic determinants that vary with place and time. For the cancers studied, incidence rates are negligible until age 30, at which time they increase dramatically and continue to increase at least until age 75. The rate of increase, however, diminishes continuously with advancing age after 30. We suggest that the role of aging in cancer incidence is determined by two components, one responsible for the dramatic rate increase beginning near age 30 and one responsible for the gradual diminution in that rate increase. The former may correspond to the activation of quiescent cells with damaged DNA or to the deactivation of DNA surveillance or repair or to impaired apoptosis, while the latter may correspond to the loss of cell division potential.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Colonic Neoplasms; Environment; Female; Humans; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Rectal Neoplasms; Registries; Sex; Sex Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors

Within the United States, cancer is the second leading cause of death by disease among adults and children alike. Although cancer has been characterized as primarily a disease of aging, there is growing awareness that many of the cancer risk factors have their origins earlier in life. In keeping with the current trend of pediatricians assuming the primary care responsibility of adolescents and young adults, this article reviews the current status of primary and secondary cancer prevention as it relates to pediatric practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Primary Prevention; Risk; Sex; Smoking; Testicular Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Hibernating European hamsters reacted differently to sc injections of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) than did European hamsters that were not hibernating. Hibernating animals tolerated higher dose levels but developed fewer neoplasms. In contrast, hibernating males had more pulmonary tumors than did the respective nonhibernators. However, the hibernating females of the low dosage group developed fewer lung tumors. The survival times were longer for the male hibernators than for the male nonhibernators. The organ specificity of DEN, as well as the morphology and histogenesis of the neoplasms, showed no differences between the hibernating and nonhibernating groups.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cricetinae; Diethylnitrosamine; Female; Hibernation; Lethal Dose 50; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma; Sex; Species Specificity

The i.v. injection of a specified number of cells of either an Ehrlich ascites tumour (ELD) or spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinomas (MA) into C3H mice yielded a number of lung colonies which varied significantly with the age or sex of recipient mice. The yield was higher in mice of 71 weeks than in those of 15 weeks, except for MA cells injected into females, when the yield was higher in the younger mice. Sex did not influence very significantly the yield of colonies from ELD cells; in the case of MA cells the direction of sex differences depended on age. A difference in the effect of pre-immunization with age was not observed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aging; Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Female; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Radiation Effects; Sex; Transplantation, Homologous

Three cases of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis are described, with emphasis on the ultrastructural changes. The clinicopathologic features corresponded to those previously described. Each patient was a female in the reproductive years; breathlessness and recurrent pneumothoraces were the predominant clinical features. Histologically, the lungs showed a focal interstitial infiltrate of short, spindle-shaped mononuclear cells compatible with primitive smooth muscle, which was associated with irregular emphysema and hemosiderosis. Electron microscopy confirmed the smooth muscle nature of the pulmonary infiltrate and showed the presence of cells intermediate between smooth muscle and fibroblasts. Abnormalities were also noted in the pulmonary connective tissue that are possibly related to the fragility of the lung in this condition.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphangioma; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Myoma; Sex; Tuberous Sclerosis

Topics: Accidents; Aggression; Alcohol Drinking; Behavior; Divorce; Dreams; Humans; Industry; Interpersonal Relations; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Orgasm; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Recreation; Sex; Smoking; Socialization

Topics: Adult; Aging; Air Pollution; Benzopyrenes; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex; Smoking; United States

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between residence, occupation and smoking habits, and mortality from chronic diseases, particularly lung cancer. It was a prospective study, initiated by a questionnaire sent to Canadian veteran pension recipients. The study was based on the replies of 78,000 males and 14,000 females, together with data on the deaths occurring among these respondents over a six-year follow-up period-July 1, 1956 to January 30, 1962.The outstanding finding of this study was that cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers had excessive mortality, particularly from heart and circulatory diseases, lung cancer, and bronchitis and emphysema. The mortality ratios for heart and circulatory diseases were elevated even for those who smoked cigarettes less than five years, and remained relatively constant as the duration of smoking increased. The mortality ratios for lung cancer increased markedly as the duration of smoking increased. A small excess in mortality was noted among urban residents. An association between cause of death and occupation was not evident in this study.Findings based on the data on smoking collected in this study were incorporated into the Report of the U.S. Surgeon-General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health.

Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Canada; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Emphysema; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pneumonectomy; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Australia; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Radiography; Sex

Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Bronchitis; England; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Wales

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Carcinogens; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tuberculosis

Lung cancer mortality in Canada over the period 1936-1964 is reviewed and a forecast is presented of future trends in the death rates, based on cohort analyses. Since 1936 the annual increases in mortality have been greater among individuals over 65 years of age, but in this group no single five-year age-group has contributed the major part to the general increase. Cohort analyses show (a) that the rate of increase of lung cancer has been much slower in generations born after 1906, (b) that the actual death rate will rise more slowly in the future, and (c) that the death rate may become stable within 15 years.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Air Pollution; Canada; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Biliary Tract; Bronchial Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Ethnology; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Germany; Germany, West; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mortality; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pathology; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Croton Oil; Female; Genetics; Lung Neoplasms; Maleates; Maleic Anhydrides; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pharmacology; Research; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Bronchitis; Female; Humans; Israel; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Sex; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aging; Burkitt Lymphoma; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Mozambique; Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Penile Neoplasms; Sex; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Asthma; Blindness; Dementia; Emphysema; Geriatrics; Hexosamines; Humans; Hypertension; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Psychotic Disorders; Scoliosis; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Urine

Topics: Adolescent; Altitude; Female; Geriatrics; Humans; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Neoplasms; Peru; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchoscopy; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pleural Neoplasms; Radiography, Thoracic; Sex; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Child; Connecticut; Geriatrics; Humans; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; New York; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sex; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Connecticut; Geriatrics; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Sex; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Aging; Carcinoma; Geriatrics; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Palliative Care; Radiotherapy Dosage; Sex; Technology, Radiologic

Topics: Air Pollution; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mortality; Neoplasms; New Zealand; Pathology; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Geriatrics; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chondroma; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Liposarcoma; Lung Neoplasms; Mesenchymoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteoma; Prognosis; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Aging; Bacteria; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Bronchography; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pneumonia; Sex; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Lung Neoplasms; Sex; Sex Differentiation