sodium-ethylxanthate and Kidney-Diseases

Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder associated with devastating chronic complications involving end-organ damage and cardiovascular disease. In addition, diabetes imposes a heavy burden due to medical costs, hospitalization, and time lost from work. Women who suffer from the condition have a high risk of developing the complications that stem from it, and, therefore, there must be unknown factors contributing to high mortality and morbidity among women with diabetes. There is a great need for future research to address the issues regarding women and diabetes to help clinicians develop preventive and management strategies that target this population.

Topics: Age Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Incidence; Kidney Diseases; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex; Sex Factors; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coitus; Counseling; Diabetes Complications; Disabled Persons; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Pregnancy; Sex; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Aged; Calcium Signaling; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Susceptibility; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Sex

The annual urinary screening of Japanese children above 3 yr of age has identified a progressive proximal renal tubular disorder characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis. The disorder, which has a familial predisposition and occurs predominantly in males, has similarities to three X-linked proximal renal tubular disorders that are due to mutations in the renal chloride channel gene, CLCN5. We have investigated four unrelated Japanese kindreds with this tubulopathy and have identified four different CLCN5 mutations (two nonsense, one missense, and one frameshift). These are predicted to lead to a loss of chloride channel function, and heterologous expression of the missense CLCN5 mutation in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated a 70% reduction in channel activity when compared with the wild-type. In addition, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was found to be a sensitive and specific mutational screening method that detected > 75% of CLCN5 mutations. Thus, the results of our study expand the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with CLCN5 mutations to include this proximal renal tubular disorder of Japanese children. In addition, the mutational screening of CLCN5 by SSCP will help to supplement the clinical evaluation of the annual urinary screening program for this disorder.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloride Channels; Chromosome Mapping; Codon, Nonsense; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Exons; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Japan; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nephrocalcinosis; Pedigree; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; Proteinuria; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sex; Xenopus

Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Eosinophilia; Female; Hybridization, Genetic; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mice; Sex

Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Coombs Test; Female; Hybridization, Genetic; Kidney Diseases; Leukemia, Experimental; Lymphoid Tissue; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Sex; Thymoma; Thymus Gland

Topics: Castration; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Necrosis; Ovary; Pathology; Rats; Research; Sex; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicology

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Aortic Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Diet; Diet, Atherogenic; Dietary Fats; Gastritis; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Pyridoxine; Rats; Research; Salts; Sex; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Topics: Blood; Creatine; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Nomograms; Sex; Urine

Topics: Deafness; Eye Manifestations; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Life Expectancy; Nephritis; Pyelonephritis; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Volume Determination; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pulse; Sex

Topics: Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Necrosis; Rats; Research; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Toxicology

Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Cystoscopy; Diagnosis; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Pelvis; Nephrectomy; Pathology; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Sex; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Ureter; Urography

Topics: Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Life Expectancy; Mortality; Public Health; Sex; Statistics as Topic; United States

Topics: Animals; Blood Protein Disorders; Fisheries; Fishes; Hematocrit; Hematopoiesis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Pathology; Research; Sex; Trout

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alopecia; Aortic Diseases; Atrophy; Calcinosis; Cockayne Syndrome; Coronary Disease; Dihydrotachysterol; Emaciation; Kidney Diseases; Kyphosis; Muscular Atrophy; Osteosclerosis; Pathology; Pharmacology; Progeria; Rats; Research; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Skin Diseases; Tooth Abnormalities; Toxicology

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Deafness; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Life Expectancy; Nephritis; Nephritis, Hereditary; Pyelonephritis; Sex; Uremia

Topics: Animals; Aspergillus; Dogs; Endotoxins; Haplorhini; Hemolysin Proteins; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Diseases; Nephrectomy; Pathology; Rabbits; Rats; Research; Sex; Uremia; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Bacteriology; Body Fluids; Congenital Abnormalities; Dehydration; Diagnosis; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Nitrofurantoin; Pyelonephritis; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Urine; Urography; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adolescent; Epidemiology; Humans; Jaundice; Kidney Diseases; Leptospirosis; Puerto Rico; Serologic Tests; Sex; Weather