sodium-ethylxanthate and Heart-Diseases

Sexual function is an important component of cardiac patients' quality of life and subjective well being. Patients, however, are often uninformed regarding the question of resuming sexual activity after a cardiac event. Recent epidemiologic data reveal that sexual problems are widespread and adversely affect mood, well-being, and interpersonal functioning Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most commonly recognized and treated sexual dysfunction. It affects > 30% of men 40 to 70 years of age and its prevalence in patients with cardiovascular disease is higher than in the general population. International Guidelines has faced the problem of resuming sexual activity after a cardiac event and of the eventual suitability to the use of sildenafil or other selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (5-PDE) for the therapy of ED in these patients. The clinical judgment should be based on the integration of clinical and instrumental data, on the evaluation of the compatibility with the foreseen energetic cost of the effort connected to sexual activity and, in case of prescription of 5-PDE inhibitors, on the eventual incompatibility with the therapy undertaken (in particular with nitrates). In the review the main reference points of literature are supplied in order to have the chance of giving motivated technical advice. Finally it is extremely important to face the problem of resuming sexual activity systematically within the cardiac rehabilitation program, with educational sessions, individual or couple conversations, and with the aid of information pamphlets.

Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Piperazines; Purines; Sex; Sildenafil Citrate; Sulfones

Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Electrocardiography; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Heart Diseases; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Sex

A person's sexual readjustment following a physical disability has traditionally been ignored by health care professionals. Since the occupational therapist often facilitates a person's resumption of activities of daily living, the therapist is in a special position to provide counseling. Understanding, support, and correct information are needed most. As derived from a search of the literature, sexual functioning is discussed in relation to the following disabilities: stroke, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, renal disease, spinal cord injury, pulmonary disease, arthritis, and alcoholism.

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Asthma; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coitus; Diabetes Mellitus; Disabled Persons; Ejaculation; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Libido; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Orgasm; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Spinal Cord Injuries; Testis; Vagina

Associations of age, gender, cardiac procedure (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty), risk stratification, and number of comorbidities with health-related quality of life (HRQL) were examined among 217 men and 84 women (mean age, 63+/-11 years) consecutively enrolled in a phase II cardiac rehabilitation program. Female gender and high-risk stratification were independently associated with impaired treatment gains in most areas of HRQL. Older age and having a greater number of comorbidities were also associated with impaired gains in specific areas. HRQL was generally lower at baseline but not post-treatment in coronary artery bypass grafting vs. percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty patients. Cardiac rehabilitation patients also had lower HRQL scores than an age-matched, normative sample at baseline (most areas) and post-treatment (mainly on role physical). Findings reinforce the need for cardiac rehabilitation programs to tailor assessments and risk factor modification strategies to patient characteristics associated with low levels of HRQL, especially in women and those with higher risk stratification.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Bypass; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Status Indicators; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Life; Regression Analysis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex

To examine the obesity-related chronic diseases in the US adult population according to gender, race and socioeconomic status.. Data from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994-1996 CSFII) conducted by the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) were used in the analysis. Relevant data included self-reported weight and height, self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and high serum cholesterol. Analysis was conducted according to gender, race, income level and education level.. There was a graded increase in diabetes, hypertension and high serum cholesterol with increasing body weight in nearly all gender, racial and socioeconomic groups. Among the obese individuals, the prevalence of hypertension was higher in black subjects and the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease was higher in individuals with lower education compared to their counterparts. The odds of having diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and high serum cholesterol increased with increasing body weight after adjusting for age, gender, race, income, education and smoking.. Although cross-sectional in nature, our results suggest that the disease burden associated with obesity in the population may be substantial. This burden increases with increasing severity of obesity. Our findings support the current opinion that, although the nature of obesity-related health risks is similar in all populations, the specific level of risk associated with a given level of obesity may be different depending on gender, race and socioeconomic condition.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Racial Groups; Sex; Sex Factors; Social Class; United States

This study explored and compared the role of self esteem, stress and social support in maintenance or improvement in physical and psychosocial functioning over 12 months in older men and women with cardiovascular disease. Data from 502 adults over 60 years of age showed that self esteem and stress were both significantly associated with functioning when demographic and clinical factors were controlled. Men were significantly more likely than women to maintain or improve in functioning. Self esteem, stress, compliance with medication regimens, and marital status were significantly associated with maintenance or improvement of functioning among women. Only age and stress were significantly associated with maintenance or improvement in functioning among men. Findings indicated that: (1) stress and self esteem were stronger predictors of functioning, especially among women, than demographic and clinical factors; and (2) women in the highest quartile of the self esteem distribution were approximately five times as likely to maintain or improve their functioning as women in the lowest quartile.

Topics: Aging; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Self Concept; Severity of Illness Index; Sex; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to consider gender differences in laypeople's beliefs about and explanations of cancer. Over 700 adults answered a questionnaire about their perceptions and explanations of the disease. The majority of respondents identified cancer as the most fearful disease. Women were more frightened of cancer than were men, whereas men were more frightened of heart disease than were women. The greatest fear of cancer was its perceived incurability and the associated suffering, whereas the greatest fear of heart disease was perceived susceptibility. Men were more likely than women to hold a more negative attitude toward cancer information. Factor analysis of the perceived causes of cancer identified four causal factors, which were labelled Stress, Environmental, Health-related, and Behavioural. Men were more likely to identify behavioural items as important whereas women were more likely to rate heredity as important. Fear of cancer was highly correlated with the health beliefs but not with the perceived causes of cancer. However, a regression analysis found that these health beliefs explained only a small proportion of the variance in cancer fear. The findings are discussed with reference to cancer education.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Fear; Female; Health Behavior; Health Education; Heart Diseases; Humans; Ireland; Male; Men; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sex; Women

Topics: Adult; Counseling; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex

Unfounded fears and misconceptions about postcoronary sex can cause much anxiety in an individual and his partner. Hypertension may complicate the clinical picture, and fear of a catastrophic episode may haunt partner as well as patient. Needed medications may further confuse them both by causing chemical impotence or ejaculatory problems in some cases. A good precoronary sexual history can lead to an open dialogue on plans, modifications, and concerns about resuming the patient's sexual exchange upon leaving the hospital. For holistic rehabilitation, good sex information is essential.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angina Pectoris; Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coitus; Counseling; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Libido; Male; Middle Aged; Propranolol; Sex; Sex Education

Topics: Coronary Disease; Family Characteristics; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Menstruation; Pregnancy; Sex

Counseling for the resumption of sexual activity deserves as much attention in a cardiac rehabilitation program as walking or jogging. Research findings enable the counselor to give specific sexual advice. The energey expenditure during coitus for long-married couples is equivalent to that of climbing stairs, and consequently the risk of heart attack is low. However, clustering of psychosocial and physiologic demands, such as illicit affairs, outbursts of anger, alcohol, and hearty meals, may precipitate reinfarction or death. A sexual activities program is successful only if each partner is committed to give and receive pleasure. Knowledgeable and sensitive counseling will enable the couple to explore extra-coital options for lovemaking prior to the resumption of intercourse. This writer has observed that once couples are "turned on" to the pleasuring exercises, coital activity is attempted at an earlier date without untoward side effects in the cardiac patient.

Topics: Aging; Coitus; Counseling; Depression; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Energy Metabolism; Female; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Libido; Male; Marriage; Masturbation; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Posture; Sex; Sexual Behavior

Aging produces changes in sexual organs, in the strength of the secual urge, and in physiologic responses and psychologic tensions. While sexual interest ans sexual thought decline, they do not disappear. Availability of partners and retention of youthful attitudes are important elements of sexual interest and activity at older ages. All authorities seem to agree that regularity of sexual activity is the essential factor in maintaining sexual capacity and performances for both males and females. Older persons who are sexually inactive and comfortable with that adjustment should not be made to feel inadequate, but those who are struggling with sexual problems should be helped to overcome them. Nurses should be prepared to take an active role in sexual conseling of the elderly and in agitating for social, political, legal, and attitudinal change.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Culture; Diabetes Mellitus; Estrogens; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nurse-Patient Relations; Progesterone; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Testosterone; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Counseling; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Exertion; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aged; Canada; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pulmonary Embolism; Sex; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Asthma; Chlorpromazine; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Emphysema; Retrospective Studies; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Body Weight; Calcinosis; Cerebral Arteries; Cholesterol; Coronary Vessels; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Phospholipids; Sex

Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Arteriosclerosis; Aspirin; Blood Group Antigens; Duodenal Ulcer; Genetics, Medical; Heart Diseases; Hematemesis; Humans; Hypertension; Infections; Melena; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Aging; Blood Pressure; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Electrocardiography; Epidemiology; Geriatrics; Heart Diseases; Humans; Japan; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis; Radiation Injuries; Sex; Specimen Handling; Statistics as Topic; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Aging; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Black People; Blood Pressure; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Body Constitution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; gamma-Globulins; Genetics, Medical; Georgia; Health Surveys; Heart Diseases; Hematocrit; Humans; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Sex; White People

Topics: Black People; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Diseases; Hemorrhage; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Lung Diseases; Nails; Peritoneal Dialysis; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Aging; Deglutition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Diverticulosis, Colonic; Diverticulum; Duodenal Ulcer; Esophagitis; Gallbladder Diseases; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Heart Diseases; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Hernia, Hiatal; Humans; Hysteria; Lung Diseases; Peptic Ulcer; Sex

Topics: Aging; Animals; Breeding; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Diseases; Mice; Pathology, Veterinary; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rodent Diseases; Sex; Thrombosis

Topics: Aging; Cerebrovascular Disorders; England; Heart Diseases; Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Sex; Stroke; Sweden; United States; Wales

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Diseases; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Punched-Card Systems; Sex; United States

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Arteriosclerosis; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Disease; Geriatrics; Heart Block; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Hypertension; Myocardial Infarction; Obesity; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Angiocardiography; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Constriction, Pathologic; Heart Diseases; Heart Septum; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertrophy; Pathology; Sex; Thoracic Surgery

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Biometry; Geriatrics; Heart Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Aging; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Bundle-Branch Block; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Cholesterol; Electrocardiography; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Geriatrics; Health Surveys; Heart Block; Heart Diseases; Humans; Michigan; Obesity; Prognosis; Sex; Smoking

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Blood Proteins; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus; Ethnology; Genetics, Medical; Geriatrics; Glycosuria; Health Surveys; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; India; Sex; South Africa; Uric Acid