sodium-ethylxanthate and Gonorrhea

The prevalence of gonorrhea of the pharynx among select samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) ranges from 9% to 15%. To our knowledge, there have been no longitudinal studies in a prospective MSM cohort to estimate pharyngeal gonorrhea incidence or predictors of infection. We examined the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic and behavioral predictors of pharyngeal gonorrhea in a cohort of sexually active, human immunodeficiency virus-negative MSM.. We conducted a prospective study of pharyngeal gonorrhea among MSM who were enrolled in a behavioral intervention study to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection (Project EXPLORE). Participants were enrolled in this ancillary study from March 2001 through July 2003. At baseline and every 6 months thereafter until 31 July 2003, participants were tested for pharyngeal gonorrhea and were administered a questionnaire regarding their oral sex practices. Rectal and urethral gonorrhea testing were also performed.. Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea was 5.5% (136 cases diagnosed from 2475 tests). The incidence rate was 11.2 cases per 100 person-years. Pharyngeal gonorrhea was positively associated with younger age and the number of insertive oral sex partners in the past 3 months. Ejaculation did not increase the risk of pharyngeal gonorrhea. Gonorrhea of the pharynx was asymptomatic in 92% of cases.. The pharynx is a common, asymptomatic reservoir for gonorrhea in sexually active MSM.

Topics: Gonorrhea; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Incidence; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pharyngeal Diseases; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

To identify the predictors of chlamydial infection and gonorrhea among patients tested by general practitioners.. Prospective study.. General private practice, family planning and abortion clinic, adolescent clinic, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and community health clinic in downtown Montreal.. The 2856 patients were included because of symptoms compatible with an STD, a history of sexual contact with a person known or suspected to have chlamydial infection, a history of a nonexclusive sexual relationship or presentation for an abortion.. Patient information was obtained by the attending physician on a standard form. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for Chlamydia trachomatis and culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed on cervical (female) or urethral (male) samples. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of infection.. The EIA results were positive in 11.1% of the cases and the culture results in 2.3%. Among the males chlamydial infection was independently associated with low age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88 per year), heterosexuality (OR = 4.99), urethral discharge (OR = 3.74) and the absence of a history of gonorrhea (OR = 0.51). Gonorrhea was associated with urethral discharge (OR = 24.3) and homosexuality (OR = 3.68). Among the females chlamydial infection was associated with low age (OR = 0.79 per year), a history of sexual contact with a person known to have chlamydial infection (OR = 2.30), multiple sexual partners in the previous 12 months (OR = 1.60) and a reason for the test other than screening purposes (OR = 0.60). Gonorrhea was associated with a reason other than screening (OR = 0.24) and low age (OR = 0.74 per year). Among the patients tested for screening purposes age was the only significant predictor of chlamydial infection (OR = 0.79 per year), and the prevalence of gonorrhea was 0.4%. The actual rate of chlamydial infection was 11.8% among the patients younger than 25 years, 5.7% among those 25 to 34 years and 0.6% among those over 34.. Age alone can be used as a criterion to screen for chlamydial infection among asymptomatic patients without a history of sexual contact with a person known or suspected to have such infection and with a history of a nonexclusive relationship. The prevalence in our population justifies screening people up to 34 years of age.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Quebec; Sex; Sex Factors

In a study of 225 women with acute salpingitis verified by laparoscopy or laparotomy we investigated the prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infection in the lower genital tract. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 18.9% of the women and Chlamydia trachomatis from 38.5%. Women with positive cultures were significantly younger (p less than 0.01) than those with negative cultures. A trend toward more severe inflammatory changes of the tubes was found in women with positive cultures compared with those with negative cultures. The majority of women with positive cultures stated they had only one sexual partner during the preceding 6 months. Single women had more partners (mean 1.9) than those cohabiting (mean 1.2). The ratio of single/multiple partners for women with Chlamydia was 2.5:1, and for those with gonorrhea 1:1 (p less than 0.05). Of the men, 60% could be examined and about 50% had positive cultures. Microbiologic investigation of both partners is necessary in order to prevent reinfection of the woman.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Iceland; Laparoscopy; Middle Aged; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Salpingitis; Sex

Topics: Female; Gonorrhea; Herpes Genitalis; Humans; Male; Sex; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Urethritis

To develop an operational approach to the identification of high risk gonorrhea transmitters, three groups of women infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (recent repeaters, routine discoveries, and women with pelvic inflammatory disease) were offered intensive casefinding services during an 18-month period. Approximately three contacts per case were investigated, and 27.4% of the contacts were infected. Of infected contracts, 61% were asymptomatic. Asymptomatic, remote contacts to these women appear to be important in the continuing transmission of gonorrhea. The interviewing approach used reflected that employed in syphilis (thorough, detailed, and long) rather than the more casual interviews usually employed for gonorrhea patients. During this period, gonorrhea morbidity declined 22%. Further exploration of a targeted approach to gonorrhea epidemiology is indicated.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Colorado; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant; Infectious Mononucleosis; Male; Sex; Sexual Behavior

Topics: England; Female; Gonorrhea; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Wales

Topics: Biometry; Ethnicity; Ethnology; Gonorrhea; Humans; Research; Sex; Statistics as Topic; United Kingdom

Topics: Adolescent; Ethnicity; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Sex; White People

Topics: Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Gonorrhea; Humans; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Procaine; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Streptomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Denmark; Gonorrhea; Humans; Sex; Sex Education; Sexual Behavior; Social Work; Social Work, Psychiatric; Statistics as Topic