sodium-ethylxanthate and Fetal-Death

Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple; Registries; Sex; Twins, Monozygotic

Resistance to activated protein C (APC) is the most prevalent single phenomenon associated with thromboembolic disease. It is caused by a single point mutation in the factor V gene (Arg506Gln or FV Leiden), replacing an Arg506 with a Gln at the APC-cleavage site in factor V. In this study we present a prevalence study of the Arg506Gln mutation in a large Danish cohort. By screening 4188 newborns (8376 alleles) we identified 3.4% alleles (95% CI: 3.0-3.8) of the Arg506Gln mutation, corresponding to a heterozygous prevalence of 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9-7.4) in Denmark. This is significantly lower than what has been reported from southern Sweden. The birth cohort has been selected from the entire country, providing representative and accurate estimates of the gene frequencies. Equal gender distribution was found, and the Arg506Gln mutation is probably not a considerable risk factor in fetal life in the general population.

Topics: Cohort Studies; Denmark; Factor V; Female; Fetal Death; Gene Frequency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neonatal Screening; Point Mutation; Protein C; Sex; Thromboembolism

Though it has been the largest component of reproductive mortality since its statutory registration in 1928, stillbirth has received little attention from historical demographers, who have relied on the more orthodox indicator of early human survival changes - "infant mortality". The exclusion of stillbirth hampers demographic analysis, underestimates progress in newborn vitality, and over-privileges post-natal causes in theoretical explanation. A case is made for estimating stillbirth before 1928 as a ratio of early neonatal death, and for employing perinatal mortality as an historical indicator of female health status. The long-run trend of reproductive mortality (encompassing mature foetal and live born infant death during the first eleven months) reveals a substantial decline in perinatal causes in the first industrial century (1750-1850), implying a major concurrent improvement in the nutritional status of child bearers. Reproductive mortality is a more complete indicator of death in infancy. It offers demographers a means of fracturing the fertility versus mortality dualism and a potential purchase on gender as a demographic variable, while re-opening the case on mortality in the demographic dynamic of the world we have lost.

Topics: Fetal Death; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Sex; United Kingdom

Stillbirth is a professional blind spot for physicians and nurses, who may experience denial in dealing with the bereaved mother and her family. Providing choices and information about the conduct of labor and perinatal decisions, as well as pictures of the infant, a hospital birth certificate and other memory items, may be helpful to the parents in their grief. Hospital perinatal loss teams can provide support both to families and to medical staff.

Topics: Family; Fathers; Female; Fetal Death; Grief; Humans; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Physician-Patient Relations; Physician's Role; Physicians, Family; Pregnancy; Sex

This study investigates the levels, trends and differentials of infant and child mortality in Yemen. The data used are from the 1979 Yemen Fertility Survey, part of the World Fertility Survey. Mortality rates for 4 age intervals of life are presented: neonatal, postnatal, infant and child. For the birth cohort immediately preceding the survey (1976 1978), the level of infant mortality was estimated as 157/1000 for both sexes and 163 for males and 145 for females. For the birth cohort 1971 1975, the level of child mortality was 95/1000 for both sexes, 78 for males and 112 for females. Analysis of time trends in mortality for the years from 1961 to 1978 indicated substantial declines in neonatal, postneonatal, infant and child mortality. Neonatal mortality declined by almost 33%, and postneonatal mortality by almost 43%. During 1961-1975, child mortality declined by about 39%. A persistent pattern of mortality differentials by sex was found in the data. For all birth cohorts between 1961 and 1978, male neonatal and postneonatal mortality exceeded female neonatal mortality, but male childhood mortality was less than corresponding female mortality. This pattern suggests preferential care and treatment of male offspring. Estimates of infant and child mortality showed considerable regional differences. The eastern region experienced considerably lower risk of infant and childhood mortality than other regions. Breastfeeders aged 1-5 experienced lower mortality rates than nonbreastfeeders. Multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model show the net effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors on mortality.

Topics: Age Factors; Asia; Asia, Western; Birth Rate; Cohort Studies; Data Collection; Demography; Developing Countries; Fertility; Fetal Death; Infant Mortality; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Middle East; Mortality; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Research; Sampling Studies; Sex; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistics as Topic; Yemen

This study concerns 727 cases of deformed children born in the Rhône-Alpes region in 1973. 61 maternity hospitals, out of 181 in the region, took part in the study. Data concerning sex, mortality, mother's age, age of gestation, gemellity, body weight and length, as well as frequency of genetic findings in the families are published. A classification of the types of malformation in relation to their frequencies is reported.

Topics: Body Height; Body Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Fetal Death; France; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Registries; Sex

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Consanguinity; Female; Fetal Death; Litter Size; Male; Mice; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Adult; Birth Weight; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hypertension; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Placenta Previa; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Heart; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Black or African American; Black People; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Sex; Uganda

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Carcinogens; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tuberculosis

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Body Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Pregnancy; Rats; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex; Vomiting

Topics: Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Dermatoglyphics; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; New York; Parity; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sex; Twins, Conjoined

Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Maternal Age; Mutation; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Pregnancy; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Washington

Topics: Environment; Ethnology; Fetal Death; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Sex; United States

Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Perinatal Mortality; Pregnancy; Sex; Twins; United States

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Birth Weight; England; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Seasons; Sex; Spinal Dysraphism; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Body Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Finland; Humans; Infant Mortality; Labor Presentation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Puerperal Disorders; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Sex; Social Conditions; Statistics as Topic; Uterine Inertia

Topics: Birth Order; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; India; Parturition; Population; Sex; Sex Ratio; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid; Abortion, Threatened; Anencephaly; Birth Weight; Blood Group Antigens; Congenital Abnormalities; England; Female; Fetal Death; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Fetal Death; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Radiation Genetics; Sex; Sex Ratio; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Biometry; Female; Fetal Death; Germany; Germany, West; Humans; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Stillbirth

Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Leg; Physiology; Pregnancy; Pulse; Reflex; Sex; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Australia; Birth Weight; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: Adolescent; Allergy and Immunology; Birth Order; Child; Female; Fetal Death; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Parturition; Pregnancy; Sex; Vital Statistics

Topics: Birth Order; Fetal Death; Humans; Sex; Sex Ratio

Topics: Aging; Birth Order; Family; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Parents; Sex; Social Conditions; Statistics as Topic; Twins; Vital Statistics

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Brazil; Consanguinity; Ethnicity; Female; Fertility; Fetal Death; Genetic Load; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Inbreeding; Infant; Infant Mortality; Jews; Marriage; Mortality; Mutation; Mutation Rate; Population; Pregnancy; Sex; Sex Ratio; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Group Antigens; Congenital Abnormalities; Diseases in Twins; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Placenta; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Medical Records; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Parity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Tanzania; Twins

Topics: Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Sex; Social Conditions; Spain; Statistics as Topic