sodium-ethylxanthate and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-2

The sodium pump consists of the membrane-bound enzyme sodium/potassium-ATPase, which exchanges internal sodium ions for external potassium ions. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes associate with the activity of the sodium pump, motivating gene discovery for sodium pump number.. Variance components linkage analysis was applied to the number of red blood cell sodium pump sites measured by ouabain-binding assays on 1375 members of 46 Utah pedigrees. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) autosome-wide linkage analyses of pump number were performed on the combined sample as well as separately on the male and female subsets.. Two significant 1D linkages were identified: on chromosome 1p13 in the combined sample [1D logarithm of odds (LOD) score = 3.76] and on chromosome 17p21 in the female subset (1D LOD score = 3.24). In addition, two significant 2D linkages were identified in the female subset: on chromosome 10q22 interacting with chromosome 18q11 (2D LOD score = 7.18) and on chromosome 13q21 interacting with chromosome 4q31 (2D LOD score = 6.05). Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17376826 in neuropeptide Y receptor Y2, an obesity-associated gene and a candidate in the chromosome 4q31 linkage region, is associated with pump number (P = 0.046 in the combined sample and P = 0.042 in the female subset).. Pump number is influenced by multiple genes, possibly including neuropeptide Y receptor Y2.

Topics: Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Obesity; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sex; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase

Diabetes mellitus occurs nearly exponentially with aging and its occurrence differs between men and women in adulthood. Therefore, the sex and age of family members should be considered in assessing the family history. In this report the effects of sex and age on the positivity of family history were estimated numerically.. Sex- and age-specific proportion of a positive history of diabetes mellitus among 24,273 family members was obtained from a questionnaire survey of 2,316 high school students in Japan. By analyzing the sex- and age-specific proportion with the logistic regression model, odds ratios were estimated which indicated potential bias or misclassification resulting from sex and age differences.. The odds ratios were 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.74-2.23) for the sex difference and 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.05) for an age difference of 1 year. This indicated that a male family member had a 1.97 times higher chance of having a positive history than a female member and that a positive history increased by (1.05)y, where y was age difference in years.. A control for sex and age of family members will be required in assessing the family history of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Bias; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family; Female; Humans; Japan; Logistic Models; Male; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Sex; Sex Distribution; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires