sodium-ethylxanthate and Communicable-Diseases

Patients presenting to the emergency department with diarrhea should be evaluated for infectious causes. Information obtained from the history and physical examination should be used in deciding whether symptomatic treatment alone is sufficient or whether the patient's stool should be examined for pathogens. Antiperistaltic agents should be used only in selected patients, usually after the results of stool cultures are known to be negative. Antibiotic administration should be based on results of stool cultures and examination for parasites. Finally, the emergency physician should be familiar with the special situations of traveler's diarrhea, food-borne illness, and sexually transmitted enteric disease.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Child Day Care Centers; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases; Diarrhea; Emergencies; Epidemiologic Methods; Feces; Fluid Therapy; Food Contamination; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Physical Examination; Sex; Travel

Sex differences in the prevalence, course and severity of infection are widespread, yet the evolutionary consequences of these differences remain unclear. Understanding how male-female differences affect the trajectory of infectious disease requires connecting the contrasting dynamics that pathogens might experience within each sex to the number of susceptible and infected individuals that are circulating in a population. In this study, we build on theory using genetic covariance functions to link the growth of a pathogen within a host to the evolution and spread of disease between individuals. Using the

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Biological Evolution; Communicable Diseases; Daphnia; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Genetic Fitness; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Male; Mating Preference, Animal; Pasteuria; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Spores, Bacterial; Virulence

Topics: Adult; Communicable Diseases; Female; Fever; Hair; Humans; Male; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Protein Biosynthesis; Sex

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Communicable Diseases; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Neoplasms; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Communicable Diseases; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Immunity; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis; Sepsis; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Statistics as Topic

Study of the death certificates of 876 spouses of widows and widowers who died of leukemia revealed that seven of the spouses also died of leukemia. However, five cases of leukemia were identified among matched controls of the spouses. The incidence of leukemia in husbands and wives of individuals who die of leukemia is not significantly greater than that of a control group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that adult leukemia is not contagious in the usual sense.

Topics: Adult; Communicable Diseases; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Incidence; Leukemia; Male; Marriage; Neoplasms; New York; Sex; Spouses

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Allergy and Immunology; Antibody Formation; Child; Communicable Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Fever; Humans; Infant; Recurrence; Seasons; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne

Topics: Communicable Diseases; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Nebraska; Research; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Social Conditions

Topics: Aging; Communicable Diseases; Environment; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Immunity; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sex; Social Conditions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Aging; Biometry; Communicable Diseases; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Sex; Statistics as Topic