sodium-ethylxanthate and Cardiomegaly

Topics: Aging; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Endothelium, Vascular; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Heart Ventricles; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex; Testosterone; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Recent studies suggest that female gender is associated with a lower prevalence and a more benign prognosis of heart failure. In the current population-based study, it was our objective to evaluate the implications of gender on the association between impaired left ventricular (LV) function and mass as well as neurohumoral activation.. A total of 1883 subjects (992 female, 891 male) of two MONICA surveys in Augsburg, Germany, were analyzed. Participants of one of these surveys were additionally characterized with respect to neurohormonal activation. As compared to men, women were characterized by a slightly higher LV ejection fraction (EF, Teichholz-Method, 65.4 +/- 0.3% vs. 63.4 +/- 0.3, P<0.01) and a markedly lower LV mass index (LVMI 81 +/- 1 g/m(2) vs. 96 +/- 1, P<0.01). As compared to men with normal LV function, those with LV dysfunction (EF below mean minus two standard deviations, S.D.) were characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +48%, P<0.01), plasma BNP (+373%, P<0.01) and ANP (+57%, P<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in women (LVMI +3%, BNP +48%, ANP +27%, all P=n.s). Only a small subgroup of women with severe LVD (EF below mean - 3 S.D.) was characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +23%, P<0.05 vs. control and LVD), however, this increase was less pronounced as compared to men with severe LVD (LVMI +46%, P<0.01 vs. control). Gender-specific differences between LV function and structure were also confirmed by multivariate analysis. While LVMI was independently and significantly correlated with EF in male subjects in addition to systolic blood pressure, age, and body mass index (all P<0.01), these parameters displaced EF as a predictor of LVMI in female subjects.. Men with moderate or severe LV dysfunction are characterized by an increase in both LV mass and cardiac natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations. In contrast, LV mass and natriuretic peptide concentrations increase to a lesser extent and only with severe LV dysfunction in women. These observational data suggest gender-specific control of myocardial adaptations to hemodynamic overload and a more rapid induction of LV hypertrophy during myocardial dysfunction in male subjects.

Topics: Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cardiomegaly; Cohort Studies; Cyclic GMP; Echocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; Renin; Sex; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Remodeling

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Body Height; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Heart; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aging; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cardiomegaly; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Posture; Sex; Valsalva Maneuver; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Aging; Blood Pressure Determination; Cardiomegaly; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Ophthalmoscopy; Prognosis; Proteinuria; Sex; Uremia

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Angiocardiography; Body Height; Cardiomegaly; Female; Heart; Heart Atria; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Sex

Topics: Aging; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiomegaly; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Epidemiology; Ethnology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Prognosis; Pulmonary Circulation; Sex; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Arteriosclerosis; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Disease; Geriatrics; Heart Block; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Hypertension; Myocardial Infarction; Obesity; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Black People; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Genetics, Medical; Georgia; Humans; Hypertension; Occupations; Pregnancy; Proteinuria; Retinal Vessels; Sex; Statistics as Topic; White People

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Body Constitution; Cardiomegaly; Electrocardiography; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Sex; Thoracic Wall