sodium-ethylxanthate and Bronchitis

To observe the trends in vital capacity (VC) over time in tetraplegics 20 years and more after injury, the effects of age at injury, severity of injury and gender on this trend.. The medical records of all spinal cord injured persons admitted to a regional spinal injury center from January 1960 to December 1996 were reviewed. Fifty-seven patients had documented post-rehabilitation VC (mean 1.3+/-1.1 years) and VC at 10 (mean 11.8+/-2.69) and 20 (20.60+/-2.67) years post injury and beyond.. The mean age at injury was 23.2+/-9.1 years. Severity of injury when classified according the system proposed by Coll et al were: Group 1: C1-4 Frankel A injury: 11.6%, Group 2: C5-8 Frankel A injury: 55.6%, Group 3: C2-8 Frankel B and C: 29.8% and Group 4: C2-8 Frankel D: 3.5% respectively. The mean VC at initial, 10 and 20 years post injury was 2586+/-948, 2803+/-940 and 2525+/-818 cc respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that there was significant difference in VC over a 20 year period, (F(2,54)=8.43, P<0.05). The difference between VC at 10 years and VC at 20 years accounted for the 19.8% of the variance in VC over time (F(1,55)=12.35, P<0.05). Age at injury, gender and severity of injury did not have a significant influence on the rate of decline in VC. Analysis of a subset of 26 patients who were followed up more than 20 years post injury (range 22 to 34.5 years) revealed similar, with a greater drop in the VC from 10 years post injury (F(1,23)=6.52, P<0.05). In this subset of patients, the mean VC at initial injury was 2840.9+/-847.3 cc, at 10 years was 2549.6+/-750.3 cc, at 20 years was 2400.9+/-724.1 cc and beyond 20 years was 2194.2+/-738.7 cc. There was no significant difference in mean VC between non smokers and ex/current smokers at initial, 10 and 20 years post injury, using the independent t-test (P>0.05).. Vital capacity in tetraplegics declines significantly over the years, with a greater decline occurring at more than 20 years post injury.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Ventilation; Quadriplegia; Respiration; Sex; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Smoking; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tracheal Stenosis; Tracheotomy; Vital Capacity

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between residence, occupation and smoking habits, and mortality from chronic diseases, particularly lung cancer. It was a prospective study, initiated by a questionnaire sent to Canadian veteran pension recipients. The study was based on the replies of 78,000 males and 14,000 females, together with data on the deaths occurring among these respondents over a six-year follow-up period-July 1, 1956 to January 30, 1962.The outstanding finding of this study was that cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers had excessive mortality, particularly from heart and circulatory diseases, lung cancer, and bronchitis and emphysema. The mortality ratios for heart and circulatory diseases were elevated even for those who smoked cigarettes less than five years, and remained relatively constant as the duration of smoking increased. The mortality ratios for lung cancer increased markedly as the duration of smoking increased. A small excess in mortality was noted among urban residents. An association between cause of death and occupation was not evident in this study.Findings based on the data on smoking collected in this study were incorporated into the Report of the U.S. Surgeon-General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health.

Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Canada; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Emphysema; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Bronchitis; England; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Wales

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Black or African American; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Jamaica; Male; Middle Aged; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; England; Environment; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Emphysema; Sex; Smoking

Chronic non-specific respiratory disease was found by a survey at Chilliwack, B.C., to affect 29.3% of men and 18.0% of women between the ages of 25 and 74. The habit of current cigarette smoking was found to be the most important single factor associated with respiratory disease, and was found to be related to changes in simple measures of lung function. The authors were unable to confirm the existence of a threshold in lifetime cigarette smoking before respiratory disease occurred.Comparisons were made with a population previously studied at Berlin, New Hampshire, U.S.A., in 1961. At Berlin, where pollution by SO(2) and dust-fall had been thoroughly documented, the comparable prevalence rates for respiratory disease were 40.0% for men and 21.6% for women. When differences between the two populations as to age and number of cigarettes smoked daily were taken into account, the disease rates in these two communities were found to be quite similar. The Chilliwack sample did, however, have significantly higher values for the lung function tests.

Topics: Berlin; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Dust; Epidemiology; Female; Geriatrics; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; New Hampshire; Prevalence; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Smoking; United States

Topics: Aging; Air Pollution; Bronchitis; Climate; Diagnosis; Emphysema; Epidemiology; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Prevalence; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Infections; Seasons; Sex; Smoking; Social Conditions; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollution; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Bronchitis, Chronic; Child; Death Certificates; Emphysema; Epidemiology; Geriatrics; Humans; Infant; Lung Diseases; Mortality; Occupations; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Sex; Social Conditions; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; United States

Topics: Aging; Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Illinois; Infant; Laryngitis; Meningitis; Mortality; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sex; Sex Distribution; Statistics as Topic; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Deafness; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Emphysema; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Bronchitis; Female; Humans; Israel; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Sex; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Aging; Asthma; Bronchitis; Cough; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiology; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Occupations; Pulmonary Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Smoking; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Air Pollution; Asphyxia; Bronchitis; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cough; Craniocerebral Trauma; Electrocardiography; Heart Failure; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Occupations; Peptic Ulcer; Pneumonia; Pneumothorax; Polycythemia; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Function Tests; Sex; Smoking; Suicide

Topics: Aging; Anatomy; Bronchitis; Emphysema; Missouri; Pathology; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Respiratory Function Tests; Sex

Topics: Bronchitis; Diagnosis; England; Epidemiology; Morbidity; Prevalence; Respiratory Function Tests; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; United States

Topics: Air Pollution; Berlin; Bronchitis; Geriatrics; Health Surveys; Humans; Lung Diseases; New Hampshire; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Aging; Bacteria; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Bronchography; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pneumonia; Sex; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary