sodium-ethylxanthate and Brain-Diseases

The treatment of sexual dysfunction or deviancy requires an understanding of the underlying neural substrates. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. The development of robust paradigms has implications for the assessment and treatment of sexual disorder in men and women.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arousal; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Among the neurological side-effects, peripheral neuropathy is a result of therapy with vindesine and above all vincristine. Although in most cases it is responsible only for paresthesias, it may cause extensive paralysis and requires that the drug be discontinued. These drugs may also affect the neurovegetative system. Ototoxicity may be seen with cis-platinum and vigilance disturbances with L-asparaginase. Genetic consequences are mainly due to alkylating agents. These agents almost constantly impair male and female fertility but recovery is possible. Libido is also affected with the attendant psychological consequences. The offspring of patients previously treated by chemotherapeutic agents are normal. Development of secondary carcinoma or leukemia is currently a major concern. Secondary malignant disease may develop after the treatment of any cancer, especially if radiotherapy was associated with alkylating agents. Leukemias are of the acute myeloid type and usually follow a preleukemic phase. A table summarizes the main toxicities of the most usual drugs.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Diseases; Fertility; Humans; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Sex

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Cysts; Choroid Plexus; Chromosomes, Human, X; Corpus Callosum; Female; Genes, Dominant; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sex; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Spasms, Infantile; Syndrome

Previous studies have demonstrated that in adult rats with chronic hyponatremia, both symptoms of encephalopathy and mortality largely depend upon the gender of the animal and the presence of elevated plasma levels of vasopressin (AVP). Since effects of AVP on blood vessels may be gender dependent, the present study was designed to compare the effects of chronic (4 days) hyponatremia on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2), and cerebral perfusion index (CPI) in adult male and female rats. CBF (intra-arterial 133Xe injection method) and CMRO2 (arteriovenous difference of cerebral oxygen contentxCBF) were measured in normonatremic and hyponatremic (hyponatremia induced with 140 mmol/L glucose and either AVP or desmopressin [dDAVP], plasma sodium = 100 to 110 mmol/L) adult rats of both genders. The CPI was assessed from magnetic resonance imaging of the transit of magnetic susceptibility contrast agent through the brain. Female rats with AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia had a 36% decrease in CBF and a 60% decrease in CMRO2. In male animals, both parameters were not different from control values. AVP-induced hyponatremia resulted in a 45% decrease in CPI in female rats, but hyponatremia induced with dDAVP did not affect CPI in either male or female rats. Chronic (4 days) administration of AVP did not affect CPI in either male or female normonatremic rats. When rats with AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia were pretreated with estrogen, the CPI in males was not different from that in females. Our results demonstrate that during AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia in female rats, there is significant depression of both oxygen utilization and blood flow in the brain.

Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chronic Disease; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Estrogens; Female; Hyponatremia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Rats; Sex; Sodium

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Chloralose; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Neurotic Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Brain Diseases; Education; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Mathematics; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Sex

Topics: Aging; Bender-Gestalt Test; Brain Diseases; Character; Depression; Education; Humans; Intelligence; Mental Disorders; Mental Recall; Neurotic Disorders; Schizophrenic Psychology; Sex

Topics: Brain Diseases; Dementia; Geriatrics; Hospitals; Mental Disorders; Psychological Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Sex; Spinal Diseases; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Athetosis; Black People; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Palsy; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child; Classification; Craniocerebral Trauma; Hemiplegia; Meningitis; Movement Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Paralysis; Paraplegia; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Tremor

Topics: Aging; Barbiturates; Biomedical Research; Brain Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Hypertension; Migraine Disorders; Neurosurgery; Sex; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Topics: Aging; Alcoholism; Atrophy; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Ventricles; Electroencephalography; Humans; Radiography; Sex; Statistics as Topic