sodium-ethylxanthate and Birth-Weight

Understanding the safety profile of medications used in pregnancy is crucial for clinical decision-making. Few studies exist on the associations of exposure to benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like hypnotic drugs (z-hypnotics) in pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.. To determine whether exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics in pregnancy is associated with greater risk of negative immediate pregnancy outcomes compared with nonexposure.. This questionnaire-based cohort study used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort study (MoBa), which also includes data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Pregnant women were recruited from all over Norway from 1999 and 2008. The first child was born in October 1999 and the last in July 2009. This analysis included women who completed 3 questionnaires, twice during pregnancy and once 6 months after delivery. Data analyses were conducted from September to November 2019.. Self-reported exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics during pregnancy, characterized in terms of any exposure, timing (ie, early, middle, or late), and duration of exposure.. The main outcomes were gestational age at delivery, risk of preterm delivery, birth weight, birth weight relative to gestational age and sex, risk of being small for gestational age, head circumference, Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes, and risk of neonatal respiratory distress. Continuous outcomes are reported using effect estimates as mean differences, and binary outcomes are reported using risk ratios.. The MoBa study included 114 234 mother-child dyads. This analysis of MoBa data includes 82 038 singleton pregnancies among 69 434 unique women. Mean (SD) maternal age was 30.2 (4.5) years, and 37 641 pregnancies (45.9%) were in primiparous women. Exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics was reported in 679 pregnancies (0.8%). After adjusting for all measured baseline and postbaseline confounders, benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic use during pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight (mean difference, -79.3 [95% CI, -126.7 to -31.9] g), lower gestational age at birth (mean difference, -2.1 [95% CI, -3.3 to -0.9] days), and higher risk of preterm birth (risk ratio, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.94]). We found no significant association of exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics with the child's birth weight relative to gestational age and sex (z score), or any of the other immediate birth outcomes.. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the association of exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics with gestational age is not necessarily clinically significant. The absence of an association of exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics with z score for birth weight relative to gestational age and sex suggests that association of exposure to benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics with birth weight could be explained by earlier delivery rather than impaired intrauterine growth.

Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Benzodiazepines; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Head; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Male; Norway; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Premature Birth; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Sex; Surveys and Questionnaires

Earlier studies have shown that maternal hormone secretion during late first or second trimester may be affected by gravidity. We examined the luteoplacental hormone secretion during 5-11 weeks of gestation in relation to gravidity.. Forty-one naturally conceived pregnancies underwent weekly assessment of serum human chorionic gonadotrophin, progesterone and 17-OH progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A levels. In addition, the volume and the vasculature of the dominant ovary with corpus luteum were assessed with the use of a 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography. Areas under the curve for hormonal and ultrasonographic parameters were calculated.. Twenty-two out of the 41 women were pregnant for the first time. All the pregnancies were uncomplicated and resulted in term deliveries of appropriately grown newborns. During pregnancy weeks 5-11, the secretion (area under the curve) of human chorionic gonadotrophin (6.54 ± 0.03 vs 6.39 ± 0.05, p = 0.010), progesterone (3.49 ± 0.02 vs 3.36 ± 0.03, p = 0.003), and 17-OH progesterone (2.73 ± 0.03 vs 2.62 ± 0.03, p = 0.013) were higher in primigravid than in multigravid women. No other differences were detected between primigravid and multigravid women.. The placental function already differs between primigravid and multigravid women during the first weeks of pregnancy, which reflects the corpus luteal function.

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Corpus Luteum; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Ovary; Parity; Placental Hormones; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Sex; Sex Determination Analysis; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Young Adult

The frequency of agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (I2) in a sample of South Australian twins was determined, and associations with gender, zygosity, birthweight and dental crown size were investigated. Ten of the 446 twins examined (2.24 per cent) displayed agenesis of one or both I2, a similar frequency to that reported for Australian singletons. Seven of the ten affected individuals were monozygous female twins, including two pairs, while the three affected dizygous twins were each from different male twin pairs. Five pairs of monozygous twins were identified who displayed varying expressions of normal, small, peg-shaped or missing I2. These twin pairs displayed disparate birthweights suggesting they may have been mono-chorionic. These findings are consistent with a multifactorial threshold model linking size and number of I2 with developmental influences modifying phenotypic expression in those monozygous twins whose genetic predisposition places them near to the threshold for agenesis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anodontia; Birth Weight; Child; Diseases in Twins; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Incisor; Male; Maxilla; Middle Aged; Odontometry; Phenotype; Sex; South Australia; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic

A series of 1,008 newborns of indigent mothers from a mixed Brazilian population was studied with respect to the effect on birth weight of heterozygosity for sickle cell anemia, fetal sex, maternal age, parity, smoking, alcohol consumption and black admixture. Maternal heterozygosity for sickle cell anemia had no measurable effect on birth weight. Significant effects were found for male sex (increase) and smoking (decrease).

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Birth Weight; Black People; Brazil; Ethanol; Female; Gestational Age; Heterozygote; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors

In order to determine the role played by fetal "factors" in fetal immunoglobulin levels, cord blood samples from 176 normal infants were analyzed for the relationship between immunoglobulin concentration and the gestational age, birth weight, and the sex of the fetus. Cord blood IgM and IgG both increased with gestational age until term, while IgA, its subclasses IgA, and IgA2, and IgD were unaffected by gestational age. IgM and IgG were higher in fetuses weighing 2,000 grams or more, while IgA, IgA, and IgA2 were not influenced by birth weight. Cord blood immunoglobulin values were the same in male and female infants. The interrelationship between cord blood immunoglobulin class and subclass concentrations was examined in two ways: (1) The correlation coefficient r for paired samples was calculated between immunoglobulin concentrations in individual cord sera. (2) Student's test for the mean was used to compare subgroups of the entire sample populations, divided into high, intermediate, and low immunoglobulin values. IgM and IgG, and IgM and IgD were correlated. The data obtained indicate the need to consider the gestational age and birth weight of a neonate in the use of cord blood immunoglobulin values to evaluate the possibility of fetal infection.

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Blood; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin D; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Sex

Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Female; Fetus; Growth; Male; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Sex

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assayed by biological and radioimmunological methods in placentae from 16 women with a normal twin pregnancy. When the concentration and total amount of HCG in placentae was related to the sex of the twin foetus, no significant difference between 'male' and 'female' placentae was found. This is contrary to findings that there is a significant (P less than 0-005) difference in the concentration of HCG per g and per placenta of singletons at term. A comparison between the grouped geometric mean data from bioassays shows that the amount of HCG per g and per placenta falls between the geometric mean values for 'male' and 'female' singleton placentae.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Biological Assay; Birth Weight; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Fetus; Humans; Male; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Sex; Twins

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; England; Female; Humans; Illegitimacy; Male; Maternal Age; Parity; Sex; Social Class; Statistics as Topic; Wales

Topics: Asian People; Birth Weight; Black People; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Trinidad and Tobago; West Indies

Topics: Birth Weight; Blood; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Proteins; Electrophoresis, Disc; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Haptoglobins; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; Organ Size; Parity; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sex; Umbilical Cord

Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Adult; Birth Weight; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hypertension; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Placenta Previa; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Communicable Diseases; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Neoplasms; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Heart; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Black or African American; Black People; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Sex; Uganda

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Chicago; Diseases in Twins; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Morbidity; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Complications; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Male; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex; Vomiting

Topics: Birth Weight; England; Female; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Male; Pregnancy; Sex; Splints

Topics: Birth Weight; Black or African American; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Sex; Statistics as Topic; White People

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Child; Child, Institutionalized; Female; Growth; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Male; Maternal Age; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Edema; England; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Maternal Age; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Sex; Twins

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Ethyl Ethers; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Infant, Newborn; Laryngeal Nerves; Lidocaine; Lung; Pentobarbital; Rabbits; Sex; Tracheotomy; Vagotomy

Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Aging; Animal Feed; Animals; Birth Weight; Environment; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple; Sex; Sheep

Topics: Birth Weight; Body Composition; Body Weight; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxygen Consumption; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Apnea; Birth Injuries; Birth Weight; Cyanosis; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypoglycemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Seizures; Sex; Twins

Topics: Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Dermatoglyphics; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Birth Weight; Chlorpromazine; Female; Fetus; Hexobarbital; In Vitro Techniques; Learning; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; Mice; Mortality; Placebos; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Radiometry; Sex; Sulfur Isotopes

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Carcinogens; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; England; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Smoking; United States

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; New York; Parity; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sex; Twins, Conjoined

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Respiration; Sex

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Sex; Skin

Topics: Aging; Angiocardiography; Birth Weight; Black or African American; Blood; Child, Preschool; Endocardial Fibroelastosis; Female; Heart Failure; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infant; Male; Mumps; Sex; United States; White People

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Consanguinity; Female; Genetics, Population; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Male; Nuclear Warfare; Pregnancy; Radiation Genetics; Sex; Sex Chromatin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Black or African American; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Blood Group Antigens; Centrifugation; Electrophoresis; Enzymes; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Death Certificates; Death, Sudden; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Illegitimacy; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Male; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Sex; Washington

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Female; Finland; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Marriage; Maternal Age; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Female; Male; Pigmentation; Pregnancy; Rodentia; Sex; Tooth Eruption; Weaning

Topics: Birth Weight; Diet; Egypt; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Blood Transfusion; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Oxytocics; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Biometry; Birth Weight; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Chorion; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Fluids and Secretions; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Sex; Urine

Topics: Bacteriology; Birth Weight; Black People; Diagnosis, Differential; Enterocolitis; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Epidemiology; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intestinal Perforation; Pathology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Radiography; Sex; Statistics as Topic; White People

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Pregnancy; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Washington

Topics: Birth Weight; Ethnology; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Prognosis; Sex; Twins; Vitamin K

Topics: Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Maternal Age; Pelvimetry; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex; Statistics as Topic; United States; Uterus

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Pregnancy; Sex; Smoking; Toxicology

Topics: Anthropometry; Biometry; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Sex; Skin; Skinfold Thickness; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Female; Finland; Forensic Medicine; Head; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Black People; Body Height; Cephalometry; Child; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Nervous System Diseases; New York; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Africa; Africa, Western; Aging; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Black People; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Anthropometry; Biometry; Birth Weight; Colombia; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arousal; Behavior, Animal; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Defecation; Electroshock; Female; Intelligence; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Psychological Tests; Rats; Research; Sex; Stress, Physiological; Urination

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Birth Weight; England; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Seasons; Sex; Spinal Dysraphism; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiomegaly; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Epidemiology; Ethnology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Prognosis; Pulmonary Circulation; Sex; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Consanguinity; Environment; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Seasons; Sex

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sex; Smoking; Social Conditions; Uterine Hemorrhage

Topics: Birth Weight; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Economics; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Prenatal Care; Sex; Social Conditions; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid; Abortion, Threatened; Anencephaly; Birth Weight; Blood Group Antigens; Congenital Abnormalities; England; Female; Fetal Death; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Child; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intelligence Tests; Neurologic Manifestations; New York; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Strabismus

Topics: Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Labor Presentation; Perinatal Mortality; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple; Pregnancy, Twin; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: Australia; Birth Weight; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Birth Weight; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice; Seasons; Sex

Topics: Birth Weight; Body Temperature; Child; Equipment and Supplies; Heating; Humans; Humidity; Infant Care; Infant Mortality; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infrared Rays; Sex; Skin; Skin Temperature; Temperature; Twins

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Cerebral Palsy; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Twins

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Black People; Growth; Humans; Infant; Intelligence; Motor Skills; Neurologic Examination; Sex

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Barbiturates; Birth Weight; Blood Gas Analysis; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Labor Presentation; Pregnancy; Sex

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Medical Records; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Parity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Sex; Statistics as Topic; Tanzania; Twins

Topics: Birth Weight; Child; Chromosomes; Electrocardiography; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Muscle Spasticity; Pyloric Stenosis; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Sex; Social Conditions; Spain; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Body Height; Cephalometry; Chile; Ethnology; Hair; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iris; Pigmentation; Research; Sex

Topics: Biometry; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Child; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Italy; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Birth Order; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Parity; Pregnancy; Sex