sodium-ethylxanthate and Asthma

Topics: Aphrodisiacs; Asthma; Diet; Female; Food; History, Medieval; Humans; Love; Male; Sex; Sexual Behavior

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coitus; Counseling; Diabetes Complications; Disabled Persons; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Pregnancy; Sex; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Spinal Cord Injuries

A person's sexual readjustment following a physical disability has traditionally been ignored by health care professionals. Since the occupational therapist often facilitates a person's resumption of activities of daily living, the therapist is in a special position to provide counseling. Understanding, support, and correct information are needed most. As derived from a search of the literature, sexual functioning is discussed in relation to the following disabilities: stroke, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, renal disease, spinal cord injury, pulmonary disease, arthritis, and alcoholism.

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Asthma; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coitus; Diabetes Mellitus; Disabled Persons; Ejaculation; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Libido; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Orgasm; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Spinal Cord Injuries; Testis; Vagina

The impact of prenatal ambient air pollution on child asthma may be modified by maternal stress, child sex, and exposure dose and timing.. Daily PM. Bayesian distributed lag interaction models identified a critical window of exposure (19-23 weeks' gestation, cumulative odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26; per interquartile range [1.7 μg/m. Prenatal PM

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Bayes Theorem; Child; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Maternal Exposure; Mothers; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Sex; Sex Factors; Stress, Physiological

Allergic asthma is a chronic Th2 inflammation in the lungs that constricts the airways and presents as coughing and wheezing. Asthma mostly affects boys in childhood and women in adulthood, suggesting that shifts in sex hormones alter the course of the disease. Alveolar macrophages have emerged as major mediators of allergic lung inflammation in animal models as well as humans. Whether sex differences exist in macrophage polarization and the molecular mechanism(s) that drive differential responses are not well understood. We found that IL-4-stimulated bone marrow-derived and alveolar macrophages from female mice exhibited greater expression of M2 genes in vitro and after allergen challenge in vivo. Alveolar macrophages from female mice exhibited greater expression of the IL-4Rα and estrogen receptor (ER) α compared with macrophages from male mice following allergen challenge. An ERα-specific agonist enhanced IL-4-induced M2 gene expression in macrophages from both sexes, but more so in macrophages from female mice. Furthermore, IL-4-stimulated macrophages from female mice exhibited more transcriptionally active histone modifications at M2 gene promoters than did macrophages from male mice. We found that supplementation of estrogen into ovariectomized female mice enhanced M2 polarization in vivo upon challenge with allergen and that macrophage-specific deletion of ERα impaired this M2 polarization. The effects of estrogen are long-lasting; bone marrow-derived macrophages from ovariectomized mice implanted with estrogen exhibited enhanced IL-4-induced M2 gene expression compared with macrophages from placebo-implanted littermates. Taken together, our findings suggest that estrogen enhances IL-4-induced M2 gene expression and thereby contributes to sex differences observed in asthma.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Asthma; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Child; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Interleukin-4; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pneumonia; Sex; Signal Transduction; Th2 Cells

Although sexual dimorphism in wheeze and asthma prevalence are well documented, sex-specific risk factors for wheeze and longitudinal wheeze phenotypes have not been well elucidated.. By using a large prebirth cohort, this study aimed to identify sex-specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through midchildhood and identify distinct longitudinal wheeze phenotypes and the sex-specific risk factors associated with these phenotypes.. Mothers reported child wheeze symptoms over the past year approximately yearly on 9 occasions starting at age 1 year. We identified sex-specific predictors of wheeze, wheeze phenotypes, and sex-specific predictors of these phenotypes by using generalized estimating equations, latent class mixed models, and multinomial logistic analysis, respectively.. A total of 1623 children had information on wheeze at 1 or more time points. Paternal asthma was a stronger predictor of ever wheezing in boys (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.74-2.66) than in girls (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.96; P for sex by paternal asthma interaction = .03), whereas being black or Hispanic, birth weight for gestational age z score, and breast-feeding duration had stronger associations among girls. We identified 3 longitudinal wheeze phenotypes: never/infrequent wheeze (74.1%), early transient wheeze (12.7%), and persistent wheeze (13.1%). Compared with never/infrequent wheeze, maternal asthma, infant bronchiolitis, and atopic dermatitis were associated with persistent wheeze in both sexes, but paternal asthma was associated with persistent wheeze in boys only (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 2.33-7.83; P for sex by paternal asthma interaction = .02), whereas being black or Hispanic was a predictor for girls only.. We identified sex-specific predictors of wheeze and longitudinal wheeze patterns, which might have important prognostic value and allow for a more personalized approach to wheeze and asthma treatment.

Topics: Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phenotype; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Sounds; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; United States

Recent studies have found that asthmatic women pregnant with a female fetus reported more symptoms and had slightly lower lung function than women pregnant with a male fetus. In order to further investigate this association, we studied the effect of fetal sex on maternal asthma exacerbations and the use of asthma medications during pregnancy. A large cohort of pregnant asthmatic women and their babies was reconstructed between 1990 and 2002 from the linkage of three administrative databases of the Canadian province of Quebec. Asthma exacerbations were defined as a filled prescription of oral corticosteroids, an emergency department visit, or a hospitalization for asthma. Women pregnant with a female fetus were compared to women with a male fetus with respect to their rate of asthma exacerbation, their weekly doses of inhaled short-acting beta(2)-agonists (SABA), and their daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) during pregnancy. Logistic and linear regression models were used to obtain effect measures adjusted for several potential confounders such as asthma severity and control prior to pregnancy. The cohort included 5529 pregnancies with a single female fetus and 5728 pregnancies with a single male fetus. No significant differences were found between mothers of a female and male fetus as to the occurrence of asthma exacerbations (adjusted rate ratio=1.02; 95% CI: 0.92-1.14), the daily dose of ICS (adjusted mean difference (AMD): 2.46 microg; 95% CI: -4.01 to 8.93), and the weekly dose of SABA (AMD: 0.004 dose; 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.24). Based on the results, we conclude that fetal gender is unlikely to affect maternal asthma during pregnancy to the point where acute care and medications are more often required among women pregnant with a female fetus.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Asthma; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Fetus; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Young Adult

The authors investigated the association between sex of the fetus and maternal airway lability among pregnant women with asthma. Data were prospectively collected among 702 pregnant women with a diagnosis of asthma who were recruited in southern New England between 1997 and 2000 and followed through pregnancy. Peak expiratory flow lability, defined as percent daily maximum minus the minimum divided by the mean, was assessed at enrollment and at 21, 29, and 37 weeks' gestation. There was a -9.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval: -19.4, -0.4) difference in airway lability observed between women carrying female fetuses and those carrying male fetuses. This difference persisted throughout pregnancy. Among pregnant asthmatic women, carrying a female fetus is associated with worse maternal asthma, as assessed by greater airway lability, than is carrying a male fetus.

Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Female; Fetus; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex; Sex Factors

The recognition of health disparities as an important aspect of US health care has led to renewed interest in the reporting of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in original research reports.. To describe reporting of race/ethnicity and SES, in comparison with age and gender, and to report changes with time.. All original research articles that focused on children and asthma that were published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, The New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics, The Journal of Pediatrics, and Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine were reviewed for 2 time periods, 1991-1993 and 2000-2002. Each report was assessed for coding of age, gender, race/ethnicity (number of groups and which groups), and SES.. In 1991-1993, 27 reports met the inclusion criteria; in 2000-2002, 74 were reviewed. Overall, significantly more reports described age (90.1%) and gender (78.2%) than SES (41.6%) and race/ethnicity (54.5%). During the 2 study periods, there were significant increases in studies reporting race/ethnicity (from 29.6% to 63.5%) but not in studies reporting SES or gender. Coding of race/ethnicity, even in the later time period, was largely confined to white (78.7%) and black (89.4%). Fewer reports coded Latino (55.3%) or Asian (14.9%). Only 2 of the 31 articles that coded Latino subjects contained information on ethnic subgroups, whereas none of the 8 articles included Asian subgroups.. Original research reports in a specific area (asthma) for which health disparities have been well documented still contain few data on race/ethnicity and SES, particularly in comparison with age and gender. There has been some improvement in the past decade in the reporting of race/ethnicity, but the reporting of Latino and Asian subgroups remains poor. If we are to understand health disparities, then more appropriate reporting of SES and race/ethnicity is necessary.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Bibliometrics; Child; Ethnicity; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Racial Groups; Sex; Social Class; United States

This second paper on the reassociation of dreams confirms 1. the value of reassociating a key dream (The Beetle Bug Dream) and 2. the use of lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD) as an adjunct to psychoanalytic therapy. The patient (Joyce) was a young mother whose very severe eczema and asthma were accompanied by an incapacitating depression. The following summary of the three interviews indicate briefly the psychodynamic materials developed which helped Joyce uncover her confused sexual identifications and fear of lesbianism. In Interview 96 the initial Beetle Bug Dream was studied cautiously. On analysis the tentacles of the Beetle Bugs symbolically represented the hands of a man mauling a girl's skin. A sexual approach by a man is considered an attack. "Bugs get under the skin. If Jack (my husband) touches my skin, that spot itches." A second Beetle Bug is described. The special aspect of this unique Bug is that it was not threatening. This Bug is discussed in terms of the transference: the silent analyst and a father who responded to her childhood travail by silence are compared. Reassociation of the Beetle Bug Dream without LSD took place one year later. The session (Interview 235) lasted about 45 minutes and the verbatim recording occupied 12 typewritten pages. Free association led to the realization that the patient was programmed in part to identify with her father--a silent, passive individual. It was apparent that a psychological struggle for femininity, induced by the confused identification led to a threat of penetration by the sting of the Beetle Bug and, where a man was involved, penetration by the penis. Interview 236 (three days later) was conducted under LSD 25. The Beetle Bug Dream again formed the basis of this interview, which lasted four hours and occupied 46 pages of typewritten, verbatim material. A new feeling of independence from maternal influence is felt. "It used to be if I just thought of her, I could start scratching." The relationship with her husband is complicated by "deep, dark secrets." She is afraid of her husband. Her mother emphasized she was "one" with her father. Contact with aggressive males during adolescence, as well as seductive episodes were disturbing. In camp she feared that she might be a lesbian. This fear persisted into adult life. The threat of the Beetle Bug sting is developed further. Hostile feelings toward the penis are revealed in detail, The part of the penis in the vagina could be chopped off--the peni

Topics: Adult; Association; Asthma; Conflict, Psychological; Dreams; Eczema; Female; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Psychotherapy; Sex

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Asthma; Chlorpromazine; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Emphysema; Retrospective Studies; Sex

Topics: Aspirin; Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Health Surveys; Penicillins; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Sex; Sulfonamides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agglutination Tests; Aging; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Asthma; Carcinoma; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fractures, Bone; Geography; Humans; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Parkinson Disease; Rheumatoid Factor; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Asthma; Emergency Service, Hospital; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Male; New York; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Arthritis, Juvenile; Asthma; Autoantibodies; Child; Child, Preschool; Eczema; Female; Humans; Infant; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Serologic Tests; Sex

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollution; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Bronchitis, Chronic; Child; Death Certificates; Emphysema; Epidemiology; Geriatrics; Humans; Infant; Lung Diseases; Mortality; Occupations; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Sex; Social Conditions; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; United States

Topics: Aging; Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Illinois; Infant; Laryngitis; Meningitis; Mortality; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sex; Sex Distribution; Statistics as Topic; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adult; Aging; Asthma; Bronchitis; Cough; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiology; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Occupations; Pulmonary Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Smoking; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Asthma; Blindness; Dementia; Emphysema; Geriatrics; Hexosamines; Humans; Hypertension; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Psychotic Disorders; Scoliosis; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Urine

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Colorado; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; School Health Services; Sex; Social Conditions; Statistics as Topic; Urticaria

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Asthma; Biomedical Research; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Menstruation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex

Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Asthma; Biometry; Child; Humans; Infant; Morbidity; Poland; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Eczema; Humans; Prognosis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Aging; Asthma; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Outpatients; Sex

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibody Formation; Asthma; Blood Pressure; Desensitization, Immunologic; Endocrinology; Heart Rate; Humans; Neurology; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulse; Radiography; Respiratory Function Tests; Sex

Topics: Aging; Angioedema; Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Eosinophilia; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Prurigo; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Skin Tests; Statistics as Topic; Urticaria