sodium-ethylxanthate and Anxiety-Disorders

This study examined lifetime treatment contact and delays in treatment seeking, including rates for receipt of helpful treatment, after the onset of specific mental disorders and evaluated factors that predicted treatment seeking and delays in treatment seeking.. Data were from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a nationally representative, face-to-face survey of the general population aged 18-64 (N=6,646). DSM-IV diagnoses, treatment contact, and respondents' perception of treatment helpfulness were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0.. The proportion of respondents with lifetime mental disorders who made lifetime treatment contact ranged from 6.5% to 56.5% for substance use disorders and from 75.3% to 91.4% for mood disorders. Delays in initial treatment contact varied among persons with mood disorders (median=0 years), substance use disorders (0-4 years), impulse-control disorders (4-8 years), and anxiety disorders (0-19 years). The proportion of respondents who received helpful treatment ranged from 33.5% for substance use disorders to 69.5% for mood disorders. Men, older cohorts, and respondents with younger age at onset of the disorder generally were more likely to have no lifetime treatment contact, to have longer treatment delay, and to have not received helpful treatment.. There was substantial variation in lifetime treatment contact and delays in initial treatment contact by mental disorder. Lifetime treatment contact, delays in treatment seeking, and receipt of helpful treatment did not vary by educational level.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Anxiety Disorders; Delayed Diagnosis; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Netherlands; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Sex; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult

The Koala Fear Questionnaire (KFQ) is a standardized self-report scale for assessing fears and fearfulness in children aged between 4 and 12 years. The current article presents six studies which examined the reliability and validity of the KFQ. Study 1 (N=108) demonstrated that the visual fear scales of Koala bears as employed in the KFQ are highly comparable to the standard 3-point scales that are used in other childhood fear measures. Study 2 (N=163) provided support for the convergent validity of the KFQ in a sample of 8- to 14-year-old children. That is, the scale correlated substantially with alternative measures of childhood fear and anxiety. Study 3 (N=189) showed that the KFQ possesses good internal consistency and test-retest stability in a group of 8- to 11-year-old children. The results of Studies 4 (N=129) and 5 (N=176) indicated that the KFQ is suitable for children aged 4 to 6 years and demonstrated that the psychometric properties of the scale in younger children are highly similar to those obtained in older children. Study 6 (N=926) showed that the factor structure of the KFQ was theoretically meaningful: although the data clearly pointed in the direction of one factor of general fearfulness, spurs of the commonly found five-factor solution of childhood fear were found in the KFQ. Altogether, the KFQ seems to be a valuable addition to the instrumentarium of clinicians and researchers who are working with fearful and anxious children.

Topics: Aging; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Psychological Tests; Psychometrics; Sex; Surveys and Questionnaires

Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound sex neurosis of the Indian subcontinent. Fifty-two patients with a presenting complaint of passage of 'Dhat' in urine were studied. Diagnosis of neurotic depression, anxiety neurosis, hypochondriacal neurosis, and psychogenic impotence were made in 21, 19, 3, and 1 cases respectively. Seven patients received the diagnosis of pure Dhat syndrome, and one of gonorrhoea.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Culture; Depressive Disorder; Ejaculation; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Hypochondriasis; India; Male; Semen; Sex; Syndrome; Urine

Topics: Aged; Aging; Anxiety Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Body Image; Delusions; Dementia; Depressive Disorder; Ego; Female; Human Development; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Narcissism; Paranoid Disorders; Sex

The Indian Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound symptom complex. The clinical picture includes severe anxiety and hypochondriasis. The patient is preoccupied with the excessive loss of semen by nocturnal emissions. There is a fear that semen is being lost, and mixed in urine. A study was carried out to investigate the cultural basis of the Dhat syndrome. One hundred and seven respondents from the general public were interviewed. A vignette describing an individual having nocturnal emissions was read aloud to the respondents. Attitudes toward nocturnal emission, its causes, and its management were investigated. A large segment of the general public from all socioeconomic classes believed that semen loss is harmful. Seminal fluid is considered an elixir of life both in the physical and in the mystical sense. Its preservation guarantees health, longevity, and supernatural powers. This belief is more frequent in lower socioeconomic classes. The susceptible individual reacts to the prevalent belief system and to the fears of semen loss. The symptoms usually disappear if the misconceptions about semen loss are effectively dealt with. It is expected that with increasing literacy and progress in sex knowledge the syndrome will become less common.

Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude; Culture; Ejaculation; Humans; Hypochondriasis; India; Male; Middle Aged; Semen; Sex; Socioeconomic Factors; Syndrome

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Boredom; Fantasy; Habits; Humans; Imagination; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive Behavior; Problem Solving; Sex; Time Factors

Topics: Aggression; Anxiety Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Drive; Female; Humans; Hysteria; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Marriage; Mother-Child Relations; Personality; Sex

Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude to Health; Conflict, Psychological; Family Characteristics; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Paranoid Disorders; Personality; Phobic Disorders; Propaganda; Sex; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Behavior; Body Image; Defense Mechanisms; Drive; Female; Humans; Male; Paraplegia; Personality; Psychology; Sex

Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Brain Damage, Chronic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mental Disorders; Paranoid Disorders; Projective Techniques; Psychometrics; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Sex

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Chronic Pain; Conversion Disorder; Depression; Electroshock; Headache; Humans; Hypochondriasis; Hysteria; Neurotic Disorders; Pain; Psychological Tests; Psychophysiology; Sex

Topics: Aging; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Humans; Psychological Tests; Sex; Test Anxiety Scale

Topics: Aging; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Sex

Topics: Aggression; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Black People; Child; Culture; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Ethnology; Humans; Hysteria; Mental Disorders; Parent-Child Relations; Psychosomatic Medicine; Rorschach Test; Sex; Thematic Apperception Test; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Body Image; Castration; Growth; Humans; Male; Physiology; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Scrotum; Sex; Testis

Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Extraversion, Psychological; Fear; Humans; Neurotic Disorders; Neuroticism; Personality; Phobic Disorders; Psychological Tests; Sex; Sex Characteristics

Topics: Achievement; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Motivation; Psychological Tests; Psychology, Experimental; Sex; Verbal Learning

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Handwriting; Humans; Psychological Tests; Sex

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions; Facial Expression; Humans; Judgment; Physiognomy; Psychological Tests; Sex

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude; Conversion Disorder; Humans; Hysteria; Neurotic Disorders; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Personality; Personality Disorders; Sex; Sociology

Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Psychological Tests; Psychology, Educational; Sex; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Sex