sodium-ethylxanthate and Amenorrhea

To present a familial case of Swyer syndrome.. Case report.. Academic medical center.. Two sisters with a main complaint of primary amenorrhea and another case, their mother's maternal aunt with the same history of primary amenorrhea but married with no consanguinity and no children.. None.. The patients were studied from clinical, endocrinologic, and genetic perspectives.. Chromosome analyses revealed a 46,XY male karyotype with no detectable mosaicism in both sisters and their mother's maternal aunt. Molecular studies of sex-determining region Y and molecular investigation undertaken for the two sisters revealed SRY negativity.. Gonadal dysgenesis can also be inherited as an X-linked disorder, and evidence exists from familial studies of perhaps autosomal inheritance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amenorrhea; Family; Female; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY; Humans; Male; Mothers; Pedigree; Phenotype; Sex; Siblings

Demographic transition in Pakistan produced an annual growth rate of over 4% in urban areas as compared to 3% for Pakistan as a whole with lower mortality and higher marital fertility in urban areas and rural to urban migration. Primarily, the data of the project "Metropolitan Women's Productive Choices" were utilized along with findings of the Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS) of 1984, the Pakistan Fertility Survey of 1975, and the Population, Labour Force Migration Survey of 1979. Marriage and reproductive histories and contraceptive use information were collected for 680 working and 320 non-working women in Karachi aged 15-49. Total fertility was lower in this sample than reported in the PCPS. In the 1960s the total fertility rate was around 6.5/1000 women. Women's age at marriage rose from 18.5 years in 1961 to 21.5 years in 1981 reducing total fertility rates. In the last 5 years and in the 5-year period before that marital fertility declined as a result of the decline of breast-feeding in urban areas. In Karachi breast-feeding averaged 11 months (15 months in 1979 for Pakistan), and 16% of children were not breast-fed at all. The shortening of breast- feeding reduces the period of post-partum amenorrhea, thus increasing marital fertility. However, this gain is offset by contraceptive use averaging 40% in Karachi among ever-married women vs. 10% nationally. Contraceptive use in Karachi is probably high enough to counteract lower breast-feeding and lead to lower fertility. 50% of women with 2 living sons or 2 living daughters use contraceptives indicating that women in Karachi want 2 children of each gender at most. Those wanting to space births can be motivated to use contraceptives. The gender composition of families influences reproductive behavior in Pakistan. Desire for a least 1 son persists even when mothers have 4 daughters, and for 1 daughter when there are 5 sons. These findings provide evidence that fertility in Karachi has been falling in the recent past more than in the rest of the country. This is the consequence of higher age at marriage of women and higher contraceptive use despite the shorter length of breast-feeding. Smaller family size may also become a trend as a result of higher educational levels and lower infant mortality in Karachi.

Topics: Amenorrhea; Asia; Behavior; Birth Intervals; Birth Rate; Breast Feeding; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Demography; Developing Countries; Family Characteristics; Family Planning Services; Fertility; Health; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Lactation; Marriage; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pakistan; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Postpartum Period; Psychology; Reproduction; Sex; Social Values; Urban Population

A review is made of the actual status of the Rokitansky-Hauser-Kuster-Mayer Syndrome in the following aspects: clinic, diagnostic and actual techniques in the construction of a neovagina. An special remark is made on the importance of the psychologyc and psychosocial aspects in the management, diagnostic and treatment of this patients. Two cases are presented.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amenorrhea; Female; Humans; Mullerian Ducts; Prostheses and Implants; Self Concept; Sex; Surgery, Plastic; Syndrome; Vagina

Demographic data collected for a tribal population of India, the Koyas of Koraput District, Orissa, were examined in light of 2 models of reproductive behavior associated with the economic value of children: the replacement effect and son survivorship motivation. Both models are united in the concept that infant/child mortality affects subsequent fertility. The database consists of retrospective fertility histories of Koya women who had completed their reproductive period. The total number was 260, with the total offspring numbering 1407. 2 distinct cohorts of women were formed for the purpose of analysis, separated only by the criterion of offspring survival: women who had experienced infant child mortality (129 women with 739 children); and women who completed their reproductive period without suffering offspring loss of this nature (132 women with 668 children). The cohort without child loss had a mean parity of 5.10, lower than the average parity of 5.73 recorded for the cohort whose reproductive histories included at least 1 infant/child death. Age specific marital fertility and birth interval analyses indicated that this differential was because of biological, not behavioral, factors. The age pattern of fertility of females suffering offspring mortality failed to demonstrate a high rate of childbearing in the later age intervals of the reproductive period, a characteristic pattern of couples attempting to "replace" lost offspring. Birth interval analysis pointed to biological "interval effect," whereby infant/child mortality caused a cessation of lactation and hence a shortening of postpartum amenorrhea. Computer simulation further indicated that the higher fertility differential of the cohort experiencing offspring loss still did not result in high son survivorship values. The findings agree with earlier studies indicating that for predemographic transitional populations, economically motivated fertility strategies are ineffectual.

Topics: Age Factors; Amenorrhea; Asia; Behavior; Birth Intervals; Birth Rate; Child; Cohort Studies; Culture; Demography; Developing Countries; Economics; Ethnicity; Family Characteristics; Family Relations; Fertility; Geography; India; Infant Mortality; Lactation; Maternal Age; Models, Theoretical; Mortality; Motivation; Nuclear Family; Parity; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Psychology; Research; Residence Characteristics; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Social Values