sodium-ethylxanthate and Adenocarcinoma

The higher frequency of lung adenocarcinoma in women smokers than in men smokers suggests a role for gender-dependent factors in the etiology of lung cancer. We evaluated estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta expression and activity in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and normal lung fibroblasts. Full-length ERalpha and ERbeta proteins were expressed in all cell lines with higher ERbeta than ERalpha. Although estradiol (E(2)) binding was similar, E(2) stimulated proliferation only in cells from females, and this response was inhibited by anti-estrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and ICI 182,780. In contrast, E(2) did not stimulate replication of lung adenocarcinoma cells from males and 4-OHT or ICI did not block cell proliferation. Similarly, transcription of an estrogen response element-driven reporter gene was stimulated by E(2) in lung adenocarcinoma cells from females, but not males. Progesterone receptor (PR) expression was increased by E(2) in two out of five adenocarcinoma cell lines from females, but none from males. E(2) decreased E-cadherin protein expression in some of the cell lines from females, as it did in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not in the cell lines from males. Thus, ERalpha and ERbeta expression does not correlate with the effect of ER ligands on cellular activities in lung adenocarcinoma cells. On the other hand, coactivator DRIP205 expression was higher in lung adenocarcinoma cells from females versus males and higher in adenocarcinoma cells than in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. DRIP205 and other ER coregulators may contribute to differences in estrogen responsiveness between lung adenocarcinoma cells in females and males.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Cadherins; Cell Proliferation; Epithelial Cells; Estradiol; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Mediator Complex Subunit 1; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Receptors, Progesterone; Response Elements; RNA, Messenger; Sex; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Adverse effects were assessed after definitive limited field, 2-dimensional CT-planned radiation treatment of localized prostatic adenocarcinoma. In 66 surviving patients, out of a total of 176 treated patients, personal interviews were performed and self-administered questionnaires distributed. The average follow-up was 6.6 years. Adverse effects with regard to bowel function and micturition were investigated, and graded 0-4 with increasing severity and impact on performance status, essentially according to the RTOG toxicity scoring system. Sexual functions were registered on visual analogue scales. The majority of adverse effects were considered minor (grade 1) and did not require any treatment. Late adverse effects on bowel and bladder or urethra that required treatment (grade 2-4) were reported in up to 8% (n = 5) of cases respectively. Late bowel side-effects that interfered with life style (grade 3-4) occurred in up to 3% (n = 2) of patients; the majority were rectal complications. Corresponding urinary side-effects were registered in up to 6% (n = 4) of the patients. Major surgical interventions were not required. Sexual functions were substantially affected in 60% of cases not administered endocrine treatment. Multivariate analyses could not identify patient or treatment risk factors related to complications.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Intestine, Large; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Patient Care Planning; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rectum; Risk Factors; Sex; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract; Urination

Twenty-seven patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and available partners, were interviewed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess their level of sexual function prior to and 12 months after radiotherapy. Assessments were made using the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF). Five domains of sexual functioning are measured: sexual fantasy, arousal, experience, orgasm, and drive. Prior to therapy 17 of 27 patients (62.9%) were considered impotent. There were eight patients with a DISF score of less than 20 who were impotent. Six patients had a DISF score of greater than 47 and were considered potent. Of the patients with DISF scores between 20-47 four were potent, and nine were impotent. Post radiation therapy three of the patients considered potent (with a score greater than 47) maintained their potent status. Four patients considered impotent prior to therapy became potent after therapy. All patients with a score less than 20 prior to radiation therapy remained impotent after therapy. Results indicate that an objective evaluation of sexual function pre treatment is necessary to determine the effect of radiotherapy. Our method of qualitative assessment of sexual function was easy to implement, was reproducible and could be used to evaluate long-term effects of radiotherapy on sexual function. Of the patients presenting for radiotherapy, 62.9% were impotent. Twelve months after radiation therapy 19 of 27 (70.3%) were impotent.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Sex

Forty-three patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and available partners were interviewed to assess qualitatively and quantitatively their levels of sexual functioning prior to radiotherapy. The mean age was 67.7 years (58-80 years). The Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF) was the evaluation used. The Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning measures five domains of sexual functioning: sexual fantasy, arousal, experience, orgasm, and drive. Twenty-seven of the 43 (62.7%) patients evaluated were considered impotent. Fifteen of the 27 patients scored low in all five domains of sexual functioning even though they could achieve erection but they were unable to maintain erection throughout the phases of the sexual response cycle. Twelve of the 27 patients had scored 0 on sexual arousal and orgasm, thus had no ability for erection. Sixteen of the 43 (37.2%) patients were considered potent. This group of patients had achieved erection throughout the phases of sexual cycle and scored adequately in all five domains of sexual functioning. Patients with DISF score less than 20 were impotent. Those with a Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning score of greater than 45 were potent. Only 6 of 19 patients with scores between 20 and 45 were potent. The Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning score was highly prognostic for impotence, (p = .002) was easy to use and could be used for follow-up of the effect of therapy on sexual function in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Patients who present for radiation therapy are older, 50% are on cardiac or antihypertensive medication, and the majority (62.7%) are already impotent prior to therapy.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sex

The technique for radical retropubic prostatectomy has been modified to avoid injury to the branches of the pelvic plexus that innervate the corpora cavernosa. The surgical procedure is based on an understanding of the anatomical relationships between the branches of the pelvic plexus that innervate the corpora cavernosa, the capsular branches of the prostatic vessels that provide the scaffolding for these nerves, and the lateral pelvic fascia. The modifications involve two steps in the procedure: 1) the incision in the lateral pelvic fascia is placed anterior to the neurovascular bundle, which is located dorsolateral to the prostate along the pelvic sidewall; 2) the lateral pedicle is divided close to the prostate to avoid injury to the branches of the pelvic plexus that accompany the capsular vessels of the prostate. Pathologic evaluation of 16 prostatic specimens removed by this modified procedure demonstrated no compromise in the adequacy of the surgical margins. Postoperative sexual function was evaluated in 12 men who underwent the procedure 2-10 months previously. All have experienced erections and six have achieved successful vaginal penetration and orgasm. Of the six patients with sexual partners who have been followed 6 months or longer, five (83%) are fully potent. These data indicate that it is possible to cure localized prostatic cancer with surgery and maintain postoperative sexual function.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Penis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sex

Hibernating European hamsters reacted differently to sc injections of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) than did European hamsters that were not hibernating. Hibernating animals tolerated higher dose levels but developed fewer neoplasms. In contrast, hibernating males had more pulmonary tumors than did the respective nonhibernators. However, the hibernating females of the low dosage group developed fewer lung tumors. The survival times were longer for the male hibernators than for the male nonhibernators. The organ specificity of DEN, as well as the morphology and histogenesis of the neoplasms, showed no differences between the hibernating and nonhibernating groups.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cricetinae; Diethylnitrosamine; Female; Hibernation; Lethal Dose 50; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma; Sex; Species Specificity

The i.v. injection of a specified number of cells of either an Ehrlich ascites tumour (ELD) or spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinomas (MA) into C3H mice yielded a number of lung colonies which varied significantly with the age or sex of recipient mice. The yield was higher in mice of 71 weeks than in those of 15 weeks, except for MA cells injected into females, when the yield was higher in the younger mice. Sex did not influence very significantly the yield of colonies from ELD cells; in the case of MA cells the direction of sex differences depended on age. A difference in the effect of pre-immunization with age was not observed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aging; Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Female; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Radiation Effects; Sex; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Australia; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Radiography; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Appendectomy; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Appendicitis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longevity; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Female; Hemangioendothelioma; Humans; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse; Maternal Age; Mice; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Sarcoma; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcoholic Beverages; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Sex; Smoking; Social Conditions; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Egypt; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphoma, Follicular; Male; Middle Aged; Rectal Neoplasms; Schistosomiasis; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neurilemmoma; Nose Neoplasms; Sex; Skin Neoplasms; Surgery, Plastic

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Asian People; Black People; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Chordoma; Ethnology; Geriatrics; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; New York; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Sex; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Ethnology; Fibrosarcoma; Geriatrics; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma; Radiotherapy Dosage; Sex; Texas

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoma; Genetics, Medical; Geriatrics; Neoplasms; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aging; Air Pollution; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Germany; Germany, West; Humans; Neoplasms; Occupations; Sex; Smoking

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Connecticut; Geriatrics; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Sex; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Carcinosarcoma; Child; Ethnology; Geriatrics; Humans; Incidence; Kidney; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Sarcoma; Sex; Singapore; Wilms Tumor

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Female; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Liver Extracts; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rabbits; Research; Sex

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chondroma; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Liposarcoma; Lung Neoplasms; Mesenchymoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteoma; Prognosis; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Sex; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Kynurenine; Liver; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Research; Sex; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Sex; Smoking; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aging; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Classification; Gastrectomy; Geriatrics; Humans; Japan; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Pathology; Sex; Stomach Neoplasms