sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases

The objectives of this clinical trial were to evaluate the safety, tolerance and acceptability of two gel formulations of the Invisible Condom: (i) the polymer alone and (ii) the polymer-containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) compared to placebo when applied intravaginally with our unique applicator in sexually abstinent and active woman volunteers.. A randomized, doubled-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy women from Yaoundé, Cameroon. Two hundred sixty women were randomized into three gel arms: (a) gel alone, (b) gel plus SLS and (c) placebo gel. Thirty-seven sexually abstinent women applied gel intravaginally once a day for 14 days, while 75, 74 and 74 sexually active women applied gel intravaginally once, twice or three times daily for 14 days, respectively.. Retention rate was high at 85% and 221 women applied the two products and the placebo for a total of 6005 times. Nugent score, H(2)O(2)-producing lactobacilli and vaginal pH were stable throughout the study and were not affected by the study products. Colposcopy showed neither genital ulceration nor mucosal lesions. No study product-related serious adverse events were reported. The majority of reported adverse events were mild or moderate and largely similar in all 3 arms. Satisfaction questionnaire showed that the gel formulations and applicator were generally comfortable and acceptable.. The Invisible Condom formulations and applicator were found to be comfortable, well tolerated and acceptable when applied intravaginally once, twice or thrice daily for 14 days. Thus, expanded safety evaluation is warranted.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cameroon; Cervix Uteri; Cohort Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Poloxalene; Prospective Studies; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vagina; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Young Adult

The study was conducted to evaluate the safety and acceptability of the Invisible Condom when applied once or twice daily for 14 days in healthy women and their male sexual partners.. Forty-one women and 23 men divided into three cohorts were enrolled. Cohort 1:14 sexually abstinent women applying gel twice daily for 14 days; Cohort 2:14 sexually active women with tubal ligation applying gel once daily for 14 days and their 14 sexual partners who did not use gel; Cohort 3:13 women on oral contraceptive applying gel once daily for 14 days and 9 of their sexual partners.. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Colposcopy showed no genital ulceration nor epithelial lesions. No major changes in vaginal flora or vaginal pH were detected. None of the women had to stop product application because of AEs. The majority of AEs were mild. Common AEs were itching, dryness, burning sensation, erythema and discharge. Satisfaction questionnaire showed that the gel and applicator were acceptable.. The Invisible Condom and applicator were safe, well tolerated and acceptable when applied intravaginally for 14 days. Thus, expanded safety and effectiveness evaluation is warranted.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Contraceptives, Oral; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Sterilization, Tubal; Vagina

This study is aimed to elucidate the physicodynamic phenomena governing diffusion coefficient (D) of the loaded drugs in a female controlled drug delivery system (FcDDS) and to find the most influencing variable on the diffusivity using artificial neural networks (ANN). The release profiles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a topical microbicide used as a model drug, from FcDDS were obtained using in vitro apparatus, the Simulant Vaginal System (SVS), under various conditions. The effects of formulation and intrinsic/extrinsic variables on the diffusivity of SDS were assessed using artificial neural networks (ANN). The release profiles of SDS from FcDDS revealed a non-linear relationship between the diffusivity and formulation/physiological variables. Intrinsic variables (vaginal fluid pH, vaginal fluid secretion rate) have a more prominent role in defining the diffusion coefficient of SDS from FcDDS than formulation variables (formulation loading weight and loaded doses in the formulation) or extrinsic variables (inserting position). Among 5 variables, pH of vagina fluids is the most influencing factor in defining the diffusion coefficient (maximum value of 0.95+/-0.04) of SDS from FcDDS. The external exposure conditions clearly outweighed the effects of the formulation variables on the diffusion coefficient of SDS. A model-based approach can be used to assess the diffusion coefficient of loaded drugs in FcDDS under the given conditions, leading to a parameter-specific prevention strategy against sexually transmitted diseases (STD) with a high degree of confidence.

Topics: Adhesives; Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents; Body Fluids; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diffusion; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mucous Membrane; Neural Networks, Computer; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Vagina

The microbicidal efficacies of two anionic surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and n-lauroylsarcosine (LS), were evaluated in cultured cells and in a murine model of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) intravaginal infection. In vitro studies showed that SLS and LS were potent inhibitors of the infectivity of HSV-2 strain 333. The concentrations of SLS which inhibit viral infectivity by 50% (50% inhibitory dose) and 90% (90% inhibitory dose) were 32.67 and 46.53 microM, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for LS were 141.76 and 225.30 microM. In addition, intravaginal pretreatment of mice with thermoreversible gel formulations containing 2.5% SLS or 2.5% LS prior to the inoculation of HSV-2 strain 333 completely prevented the development of genital herpetic lesions and the lethality associated with infection. Of prime interest, no infectious virus could be detected in mouse vaginal mucosa. Both formulations still provided significant protection when viral challenge was delayed until 1 h after pretreatment. Finally, intravaginal application of gel formulations containing 2.5% SLS or 2.5% LS once daily for 14 days to rabbits did not induce significant irritations to the genital mucosa, as demonstrated from macroscopic and histopathologic examinations. These results suggest that thermoreversible gel formulations containing SLS or LS could represent potent and safe topical microbicides for the prevention of HSV-2 and possibly other sexually transmitted pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Area Under Curve; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorocebus aethiops; Detergents; Female; Gels; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Rabbits; Sarcosine; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Vagina; Vero Cells

The microbicidal activity of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied in cultured cells. Pretreatment of HIV-1(NL4-3) with SLS decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, its infectivity when using 1G5 as target cells. In the absence of a viral pretreatment period or when 1G5 cells were pretreated with SLS, the surfactant-induced inactivation of viral infectivity was less pronounced, especially at concentrations between 375 and 550 microM. SLS had no effect on HIV-1 when the virus was adsorbed to 1G5 cells by a 2-h incubation period. SLS almost completely inhibited the fusion process by decreasing the attachment of HIV-1 to target cells. SLS also inhibited the infectivity of HIV-1-based luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with the amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope (which enters cells in a CD4-, CCR5-, and CXCR4-independent manner), indicating that SLS may inactivate other envelope viruses. In contrast, no effect was seen with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G (which enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis) pretreated with up to 700 microM SLS. SLS also decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the HIV-1-dependent syncytium formation between 1G5 and J1.1 cells after a 24-h incubation. The reduction of luciferase activity was more pronounced when J1.1 cells (which express HIV-1 proteins on their surface) were pretreated with SLS rather than 1G5 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SLS could represent a candidate of choice for use in vaginal microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and possibly other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases.

Topics: Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Genes, Viral; Herpesvirus 1, Human; HIV-1; Humans; Luciferases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virion; Virus Replication

The efficacy of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a sulfated anionic chaotropic surfactant, and dextran sulfate (DS), a polysulfated carbohydrate, against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections was evaluated in cultured cells and in different murine models of HSV infection. Results showed that both SLS and DS were potent inhibitors of the infectivities of various HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains. Pretreatment of HIV-1 (strain NL4-3) with SLS also reduced its infectivity to 1G5 cells. DS prevented the binding of HSV to cell surface receptors and therefore its entry into cells. Pretreatment of HSV-1 (strain F) with 50 microM SLS resulted in a complete loss of virus infectivity to Vero cells. However, viruses were able to enter into cells and to produce in the nuclei capsid shells devoid of a DNA core. The amount of the glycoprotein D gene produced in these cells remained unchanged compared to controls, suggesting that SLS could interfere with the maturation of the virus. At a higher SLS concentration (100 microM), HSV was highly damaged by SLS pretreatment and only a few viral particles could enter into cells to produce abnormal capsids. Although DS was a more potent inhibitor of HSV infectivity in vitro, it was unable to provide any protection in murine models of HSV infection. However, SLS conferred a complete protection of animals infected cutaneously with pretreated viruses. In addition, skin pretreatment of mice with a polymer formulation containing SLS completely prevented the development of cutaneous lesions. More interestingly, intravaginal pretreatment of mice with SLS in a buffered solution also completely protected against lethal HSV-2 infection. Taken together, our results suggest that SLS could thus represent a candidate of choice as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, HSV, and possibly other pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Chlorocebus aethiops; Dextran Sulfate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genes, Viral; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV-1; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Simplexvirus; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Vaginal Diseases; Vero Cells; Viral Envelope Proteins; Viral Plaque Assay; Virus Replication

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. In preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that SDS is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. We hypothesized that SDS might be capable of denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenveloped viruses. In this report, we demonstrate inactivation of rabbit, bovine, and human papillomaviruses after brief treatment with dilute solutions of SDS. Effective concentrations were nontoxic to rabbit skin and to split-thickness grafts of human foreskin epithelium. This is the first report of a microbicidal surfactant that will inactivate papillomaviruses. We propose that SDS is now a candidate microbicide for formulation and testing with humans.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cells, Cultured; Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus; Epithelial Cells; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV-1; Humans; Mice; Papillomaviridae; Rabbits; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Transplantation, Heterologous