sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Precursor-Cell-Lymphoblastic-Leukemia-Lymphoma

We evaluated whether the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L) activity is increased in plasma of patients with acute lymphoblastic (ALL), acute myeloblastic (AML) and chronic lymphocytic (CLL) leukemias.. The activity was assayed using the fluorogenic peptide substrate in the presence of an artificial activator sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the plasma of healthy donors (n=15) and ALL (n=15), AML (n=28) and CLL (n=22) patients.. The activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the plasma of ALL and AML patients at the diagnosis than in healthy subjects and decreased after therapy or remained unchanged or rose during relapse. By contrast, in CLL patients at the diagnosis, the activity did not differ significantly from the healthy controls. In each group, the activity positively correlated with the serum lactic dehydrogenase activity.. Plasma proteasome ChT-L activity can be a useful bio-marker for patients with acute leukemia at the blast stage.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Oligopeptides; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteasome Inhibitors; Protein Subunits; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Mn- and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and generation of superoxide radicals (O(2) (-)) were assessed in leukemic cells from 10 patients with acute myeloid or monocytic leukemia (AML) and 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using a sensitive, specific chemiluminescence method. Leukemic cells were classified according to the French-American-British classification. M4 AML cells from two patients produced some O(2) (-) upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), but less than normal granulocytes or monocytes. M5b AML cells from one patient produced as much O(2) (-) in response to these stimulants as normal monocytes. No O(2) (-) generation was induced in other types of leukemic cells. Total SOD activity in AML cells was significantly greater in normal granulocytes, but was only half of the activity in ALL cells. Mn-SOD in AML cells was very low or undetectable. These results suggest that except in M5b cells, decreased O(2) (-) production may contribute to susceptibility to infections in AML patients. Decreased Mn-SOD activity in AML cells may predispose them to oxidative stress.

Topics: Adult; Anions; Child; Humans; Imidazoles; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Manganese; Monocytes; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Pyrazines; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Zymosan

We analyzed the polypeptide pattern of leukemic cells of infants and older children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Patterns were analyzed for the occurrence of a previously detected cytosolic polypeptide, designated L3. Quantitative analysis of L3 in 12 infants and 91 older children with non-T ALL indicated lack of expression of polypeptide L3 in leukemic cells of infants which, in most cases, expressed HLA-DR and CD19 and lacked CD10. Quantitative analysis of L3 in relation to cell surface marker expression revealed that L3 was limited in its occurrence to non-T ALL and was not coordinately expressed with any of the surface markers included in the study. Among patients in the HLA-DR-positive, CD19-positive, and CD10-negative group, different levels of polypeptide L3 were observed between infants and older children. These results indicate differences in leukemic cell constituents between infants and older children with ALL and an otherwise similar cell surface marker phenotype.

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Antigens, Surface; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child, Preschool; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Infant; Karyotyping; Peptides; Phenotype; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate