sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Hypertrophy

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that the ability of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) to regulate skin barrier function may be a predisposing factor for AD development. The present studies examined the ability of increased Th2 activity to affect cutaneous barrier function in vivo and epidermal thickening. Mice that express a constitutively active Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6VT) have increased Th2 cells and a predisposition to allergic inflammation were used in these studies, they demonstrate that topical treatment with the irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) caused increased transepidermal water loss and epidermal thickening in STAT6VT mice over similarly treated wild-type mice. The proliferation marker Ki-67 was increased in the epidermis of STAT6VT compared to the wild-type mice. However, these differences do not appear to be linked to the addition of an irritant as control-treated STAT6VT skin also exhibited elevated Ki-67 levels, suggesting that the increased epidermal thickness in SLS-treated STAT6VT mice is primarily driven by epidermal cell hypertrophy rather than an increase in cellular proliferation. Our results suggest that an environment with increased Th2 cytokines results in abnormal responses to topical irritants.

Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cellular Microenvironment; Dermatitis, Atopic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hypertrophy; Irritants; Ki-67 Antigen; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; STAT6 Transcription Factor; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Th1-Th2 Balance; Th2 Cells

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on cytokeratin (CK) gene expression in hamster cheek pouch epithelium was studied with a hybridohistochemical technique. Using specific human anti-sense RNA probes, the plausible hamster mRNA counterparts for these human CK mRNAs were localized by detection of heterologous hybrids. In comparison with normal epithelium, the expression and distribution pattern of CK mRNAs in the hamster cheek pouch were obviously changed after application of SLS. There was a decreased expression of CK mRNAs in the hyperplastic basal layer, and increased expression in the hypertrophic granular layer. Strikingly, hybridization with the human CK 18 cRNA probe revealed an additionally expressed CK mRNA in the SLS-treated epithelium that was not found in the untreated epithelium. The present study indicates that cRNA probes for human CK mRNAs can be used successfully, not only to distinguish between different hamster CK mRNAs but also to investigate changes in CK gene expression upon the induction of non-neoplastic and neoplastic alterations in the hamster cheek pouch model. This may help elucidate the molecular changes involved in epithelial pathologies.

Topics: Animals; Cheek; Cricetinae; Detergents; Epithelium; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hybridomas; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; In Situ Hybridization; Keratins; Male; Mesocricetus; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA Probes; RNA, Antisense; RNA, Complementary; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Calcium; Cardiomegaly; Chromatography; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hypertrophy; Male; Molecular Weight; Myocardium; Myosins; Rabbits; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Acrylamides; Animals; Anura; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertrophy; Isoelectric Focusing; Methods; Muscle Proteins; Myocardium; Myosins; Peptides; Rabbits; Rats; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Tritium; Turtles; Urea

Topics: Acrylamides; Animals; Aortic Coarctation; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Carbon Isotopes; Cardiomegaly; Electrophoresis; Guanidines; Heart Ventricles; Hypertrophy; Kinetics; Leucine; Lysine; Male; Muscle Proteins; Myocardium; Myosins; Organ Size; Rabbits; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tritium