sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Herpes-Simplex

Treatment of blood samples from hemorrhagic fever virus (HFV)-infected patients with 0.1% detergents has been recommended for virus inactivation and subsequent safe laboratory testing. However, data on virus inactivation by this procedure are lacking. Here we show the effect of this procedure on diagnostic test results and infectious Ebola virus (EBOV) titers.. Serum and whole-blood samples were treated with 0.1% or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or 0.1% Triton X-100 and assayed for clinical chemistry and malaria antigen detection. Infectious EBOV titers were determined in SDS-treated plasma and whole blood from EBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs). Infectious titers of EBOV or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in detergents-treated cell culture medium containing various serum concentrations were determined.. Laboratory test results were not affected by 0.1% detergent treatment of blood samples, in contrast with 1% SDS treatment. However, 0.1% detergent treatment did not inactivate EBOV in blood samples from infected NHPs. Experiments with cell culture medium showed that virus inactivation by detergents is annulled at physiological serum concentrations.. Treatment of blood samples with 0.1% SDS or Triton X-100 does not inactivate EBOV. Inactivation protocols for HFV should be validated with serum and whole blood.

Topics: Animals; Detergents; Ebolavirus; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Laboratories; Macaca mulatta; Octoxynol; Serum; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Virus Inactivation

The influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the efficacies of gel formulations of foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cutaneous lesions and on the establishment and reactivation of latent virus has been evaluated in a murine model of orofacial infection. Topical treatments were given twice daily for 3 days and were initiated at 6, 24, and 48 h after virus inoculation. The gel formulation that contained both 3% foscarnet and 5% SLS and that was administered within 48 h postinfection reduced the rate of development of herpetic skin lesions. This formulation also significantly decreased the viral content in skin tissues and in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia when it was given within 24 and 6 h postinfection, respectively. A lower level of efficacy was observed for the gel formulation containing 3% foscarnet alone. Of prime interest, the gel formulation containing 5% SLS reduced significantly the mortality rate among mice in a zosteriform model of infection. Both formulations of foscarnet had no effect on the mean titers of reactivated virus in explant cultures of ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. The use of a gel formulation containing combinations of foscarnet and SLS could represent an attractive approach for the treatment of herpetic mucocutaneous infections.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Drug Combinations; Foscarnet; Gels; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Mice; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Trigeminal Ganglion; Virus Latency

The influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the efficacies of topical gel formulations of foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cutaneous infection has been evaluated in mice. A single application of the gel formulation containing 3% foscarnet given 24 h postinfection exerted only a modest effect on the development of herpetic skin lesions. Of prime interest, the addition of 5% SLS to this gel formulation markedly reduced the mean lesion score. The improved efficacy of the foscarnet formulation containing SLS could be attributed to an increased penetration of the antiviral agent into the epidermis. In vitro, SLS decreased in a concentration-dependent manner the infectivities of herpesviruses for Vero cells. SLS also inhibited the HSV-1 strain F-induced cytopathic effect. Combinations of foscarnet and SLS resulted in subsynergistic to subantagonistic effects, depending on the concentration used. Foscarnet in phosphate-buffered saline decreased in a dose-dependent manner the viability of cultured human skin fibroblasts. This toxic effect was markedly decreased when foscarnet was incorporated into the polymer matrix. The presence of SLS in the gel formulations did not alter the viabilities of these cells. The use of gel formulations containing foscarnet and SLS could represent an attractive approach to the treatment of herpetic mucocutaneous lesions, especially those caused by acyclovir-resistant strains.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Survival; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Female; Foscarnet; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases, Viral; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Vero Cells