sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Gingivitis

A meta-analysis technique was used to pool data from studies to assess the effectiveness of the pre-brushing rinse PLAX on existing plaque and gingivitis.. Studies were identified using MEDLINE and other sources, and grouped according to whether PLAX was used in short- or long-term treatment. The quality of trials was assessed by 2 independent readers. The DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used. Meta-analyses were performed according to duration and type of PLAX treatment. In "1-day" studies, the effect of PLAX after rinsing and after rinsing and brushing was evaluated, whereas in longitudinal studies, this was done at several follow-up times.. A total of 19 studies were included and mean quality scores ranged from 0.13 to 0.60, for the study protocol from 0.18 to 0.70 and for data analysis and presentation from 0.05 to 0.53. In "1-day" studies, PLAX significantly reduced plaque after rinsing (difference=0.143; 95% CI=0.02-0.27;p=0.022), whereas no significant reduction was observed in post-brushing measures. In "longitudinal" studies, plaque was significantly reduced at 1-2 (difference=0.168; 95% CI=0.09-0.24; p<0.0001), 3-4 (difference=0.179; 95% CI=0.01-0.35; p=0.043), 12 (difference=0.288; 95% CI=0.21-0.37; p<0.0001) and 24 (difference=0.377; 95% CI=0.19-0.57; p=0.0001) weeks. The meta-analysis that evaluated gingivitis showed a significant reduction in inflammation with PLAX treatment at 12 (difference=0.209; 95% CI=0.17-0.25; p<0.0001) and 24 (difference=0.257; 95% CI=0.22-0.29; p<0.0001) weeks follow-up.. Although PLAX use appears to offer some benefit in plaque and gingivitis reduction, the clinical magnitude of the difference and the benefit on oral health are likely to be small.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzoates; Confidence Intervals; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Gingivitis; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Statistics as Topic; Toothbrushing; Triclosan

Topics: Alkaloids; Benzoates; Benzophenanthridines; Benzydamine; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Gingivitis; Isoquinolines; Mouthwashes; Peroxides; Salicylates; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Terpenes; Triclosan

Topics: Alkaloids; Benzoates; Benzophenanthridines; Chlorhexidine; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Gingivitis; Humans; Isoquinolines; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Terpenes

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a dentifrice without sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) to a dentifrice with SLS in young adults aged 18-34 years on gingivitis.. One hundred twenty participants (non-dental students) with a moderate gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing at 40-70 % of test sites) were included in this randomized controlled double blind clinical trial. According to randomization, participants had to brush their teeth either with dentifrice without SLS or with SLS for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP). The secondary outcomes were plaque scores and gingival abrasion scores (GA) as well as a visual analogue scale (VAS) score at exit survey. Baseline and end differences were analysed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, between group differences by independent t test and within groups by paired sample t test.. BOMP improved within groups from on average 0.80 at baseline to 0.60 in the group without SLS and to 0.56 in the group with SLS. No statistical difference for BOMP, plaque and gingival abrasion was found between both groups. VAS scores for taste, freshness and foaming effect were significantly in favour of the SLS-containing dentifrice.. The test dentifrice without SLS was as effective as a regular SLS dentifrice on gingival bleeding scores and plaque scores. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion.. In patients diagnosed with gingivitis, a dentifrice without SLS seems to be equally effective compared to a dentifrice with SLS and did not demonstrate any significant difference in gingival abrasion. In patient with recurrent aphthous ulcers, the absence of SLS may even be beneficial. However, participants indicate that they appreciate the foaming effect of a dentifrice with SLS more.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Complex Mixtures; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Periodontal Index; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toothbrushing

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mouthwash containing Triclosan and Gantrez in the reduction of bacterial biofilm and gingivitis.. Thirty patients were assigned to control and experimental groups. The visible plaque index and the marginal bleeding index were determined at the baseline, and at the second and third months, at which time a percentage of bacterial plaque and bleeding was obtained for each patient. All patients were given unlabeled toothpaste without Triclosan and Gantrez and soft-bristle toothbrushes. Additionally, the experimental group patients used unlabeled mouthwash with Triclosan and Gantrez. The participants were instructed to rinse for 60 seconds after brushing, twice a day.. At the baseline, the control and experimental group's bacterial plaque and marginal bleeding indices were close to each other (46.61% and 50.75% respectively; 7.62% and 9.59% respectively). At the third month, the experimental group presented bacterial plaque and marginal bleeding indices of 6.56% and 0.43% respectively, while the control presented 11.37% and 2.41% respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05), with a discrete tendency to better results in the experimental group for both variables. However, there were significant differences among the experimental periods (p<0.05), except between the second and third months of observation.. The mouthwash did not bring forth an additional advantage when combined with brushing. Additional studies where the observation period may be prolonged and the number of subjects increased are recommended.. It is important to understand the role chemical control of supragingival plaque can play as an aid in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Since bacterial biofilm is the primary etiological factor in gingivitis and periodontitis, it is essential to know how to control it in order to provide a more complete therapeutic strategy for patient care.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzoates; Biofilms; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dental Deposits; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Maleates; Mouthwashes; Pilot Projects; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Treatment Outcome; Triclosan; Young Adult

The present clinical trial was performed to evaluate short-term effects of a triclosan-containing dentifrice/gel combination on soft tissue healing, when applied supra-/sub-gingivally at periodontal sites treated with scaling and root planing. 16 subjects with moderate periodontitis participated in a 2x 2-week, split-mouth designed clinical trial. 2 combinations of gel/dentifrice (the test combination containing triclosan) were used. 2 pairs of contralateral sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) > or 5 mm, and which bled on probing (BoP +) were selected in each patient as experimental units. A baseline examination included assessments of PPD, BoP, gingival index scores, plaque index scores, and the composition of the subgingival microbiota (dark-field microscopy). The assigned quadrant was anaesthetized and the teeth exposed to meticulous scaling and root planing. Immediately after the completion of mechanical therapy, either the test or control gel was applied subgingivally at the experimental sites. The volunteer was instructed to brush his/her teeth with an assigned dentifrice and to apply the gel (via a custom-made stent) supra-gingivally 2x daily for the following 2 weeks. He/she was recalled on day 7 for a second professional subgingival gel application. Re-examinations were carried out on days 2, 7 and 14 after treatment. 1-week wash-out periods separated the 2 experimental periods. The mean PPD reductions (between days 0 and 14) were 1.8 mm and 1.9 mm for the test and control gel/dentifrice sites. The reduction in BoP and gingival index scores was significantly greater during the test than during the control regimen. No significant differences were observed between the 2 regimens regarding plaque scores and composition of the subgingival microbiota. The findings from the present investigation demonstrated that triclosan, applied both sub- and supra-gingivally reduced soft tissue inflammation following scaling and root planing.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Dentifrices; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Maleates; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Placebos; Polyvinyls; Root Planing; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Triclosan; Wound Healing

The aim of the study was to examine whether triclosan has an effect on developing gingival inflammation. 10 volunteers, with clinically healthy gingivae were enrolled. The study was performed as a 2-week, double-blind, cross-over, experimental gingivitis trial. Between each plaque accumulation period, there was a wash-out phase of 4 weeks. A baseline examination was performed which included assessment of plaque and gingivitis. The volunteers were asked to refrain from mechanical oral hygiene measures for 2 weeks. During this period, they rinsed 2x daily with one of the randomly assigned mouthrinse preparations. Solution A (period A): 0.06% triclosan+ 2%tween 80. Solution B (period B): 0.06% triclosan+ 0.25% sodium lauryl sulphate. Re-examinations were performed on days 4, 7, 11 and 14. The mean plaque score increased during period A to 2.2 (day 4), 2.8 (day 7), 3.1 (day 11) and 3.1 (day 14). The corresponding scores for period B were significantly lower; 1.2 (day 4), 1.8 (day 7), 2.0 (day 11) and 2.2 (day 14). The mean gingivitis scores at baseline were 0.17 (periods A and B). The mean gingivitis scores increased to 0.45 (day 4), 0.69 (day 7), 0.83 (day 11) and 0.96 (day 14) when the subjects rinsed with solution A and 0.42 (day 4), 0.64 (day 7), 0.78 (day 11) and 0.92 (day 14) in period B. There were no statistically significant differences between periods A and B with respect to gingivitis. Thus, although significantly more plaque formed during period A than period B, no differences could be found between the gingivitis scores in the 2 periods.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bacteria; Chemoprevention; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Polysorbates; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Triclosan

A six-month, double-blind parallel clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy on existing plaque and gingivitis of a pre-brush mouthrinse (Colgate Plax, Thailand) containing 0.03% triclosan and 0.13% of a polyvinylmethyl ether/maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymer in the absence of fluoride, as compared to a matching placebo rinse. A total of 121 subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline Quigley-Hein Plaque Index scores and Loë-Silness Gingivitis Index scores. Each group was randomly assigned to the use of either the triclosan/copolymer pre-brush rinse or the placebo pre-brush rinse. No subjects received an oral prophylaxis. They were instructed to rinse twice daily for 60 seconds using the provided fluoride dentifrice and soft-bristled toothbrush. After six months' use of their assigned mouthrinse, 118 subjects who completed the study were evaluated for plaque index score and gingivitis index score using the same scoring procedure. After six months, the triclosan/copolymer mouthrinse group provided a 35.48% reduction of plaque (p<0.001) and an 18.82% reduction of gingivitis (p<0.001), as compared to the placebo mouthrinse group. The reduction of the triclosan/copolymer group was most pronounced in the severity manifestation of plaque and gingivitis (p<0.001). The results indicate that twice daily use of a pre-brush mouthrinse containing triclosan/copolymer in the absence of fluoride significantly reduces pre-existing plaque and gingivitis as compared to the placebo rinse.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzoates; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Statistics, Nonparametric; Triclosan

A 12-month clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a pre-brushing rinse (PBR) in plaque removal with that of water. Four groups participated in the study; group 1 (test group) rinsed with PBR before brushing; group 2 rinsed with plain tap water; group 3 brushed only; and group 4 rinsed with sterile water (same color as the PBR). Pre-brushing and post-brushing plaque scores were recorded at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months (Ramjford surfaces) and 12 months for groups 1, 2, and 3 and at baseline, 3 months and 6 months for group 4. Pre-brushing minus post-brushing plaque scores (decrements) were significantly higher in the PBR group at baseline, and 6, 9, and 12 months. Using a single criterion (gingival bleeding index) there were no differences between the 4 groups at any of the 5 assessments, hence, the clinical significance of the higher plaque removal scores in the PBR group remains in doubt.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Dental Plaque; Ethanol; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Toothbrushing; Water

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bacteria; Benzoates; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

The effect of a pre-brush rinse (Colgate Plax, Colgate UK) containing 0.03% triclosan (Irgacare MP, Ciba-Geigy Corp.) and 0.125% of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid (Gantrez, ISP Corp.) on existing plaque and gingivitis over a 6-month period was compared to a matching placebo pre-brush rinse. The study was a double-blind, parallel design utilising 125 subjects, 117 of whom completed the 6-month period. Subjects rinsed twice daily for 60 seconds with 15 ml of their assigned pre-brush rinse. Immediately after rinsing, subjects brushed their teeth for 30 seconds with a fluoride dentifrice and a soft-bristled toothbrush. After 3 and 6 months, the levels of plaque and gingivitis were significantly lower in the triclosan/copolymer rinse group when compared with the placebo rinse group. The beneficial effects of the active rinse were particularly evident on the surfaces of teeth which are poorly cleaned by mechanical procedures. No side effects, such as staining, were observed or reported. The results indicate that the twice daily use of a pre-brush rinse containing triclosan and copolymer can provide significant adjunctive benefits to mechanical oral hygiene procedures.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzoates; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Maleates; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Polyvinyls; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Triclosan

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a pre-brushing mouthwash (Plax) improved subjects' oral hygiene over a 2-week period. In a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study, 33 adult subjects (mean age 35.3 years) used either Plax or a placebo mouthwash for 30 s prior to toothbrushing during a 2-week period. After a washout period of 4 weeks, the subjects used the other mouthwash in the same way. The modified plaque index of Quigley and Hein (QHI) was recorded for 16 teeth (16, 14, 13, 11, 21, 23, 24, 26, 36, 34, 33, 31, 41, 43, 44, 46) at each visit. The bleeding index (BI) was recorded at the beginning and end of the study. Results were analysed using a paired one-tailed t-test. Neither plax nor placebo mouthwashes reduced plaque scores significantly (p > 0.05) below baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BI at the beginning of the trial (0.42) and at the end (0.44). These results suggest that the routine use of Plax is not a useful adjunct to toothbrushing.

Topics: Aged; Benzoates; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oral Hygiene; Placebos; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes

Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Two promising formulations (enzyme-containing toothpastes with glucose oxidase and D-glucose with (C+) and without Citrox (C-) Citrox) were investigated in a clinical crossover trial (two slurries: sodium lauryl sulfate-containing (SLS), a toothpaste without SLS (reference), and water). Subjects (

Topics: Double-Blind Method; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes

Previous studies have shown increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases in children with Down's syndrome (DS). The mechanisms involved in the periodontal inflammatory processes in DS are not fully understood. The present study characterized the periodontal status of 9 non-institutionalized DS children 9 to 17 years old (mean 13.6 years) relative to their age-matched systemically and periodontally healthy controls. The periodontal status was assessed by visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and probing depth. We also assessed, by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/laser densitometry and by zymography, the collagenase and gelatinase activities in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva samples collected from DS patients and from the controls. Eight of the nine DS children showed a periodontium comparable to that seen in healthy controls; beginning alveolar bone loss was radiographically seen in the DS patient with deep periodontal pockets. The endogenously active collagenase and total collagenase activities were slightly higher in GCF of DS children compared to healthy controls. Western blot demonstrated that GCF collagenase of DS patients was human neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8 or collagenase-2), which occurred in 75 kDa proMMP-8 and in DS patients, but not in controls, also in 65 kDa active MMP-8 form and occasionally lower 40-50 kDa MMP-8 species. Zymographic analysis revealed the presence of 120 kDa (MMP-9 complexed with neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin or NGAL), 92 kDa (MMP-9) and 72 kDa (MMP-2) gelatinases in DS and control GCF. Especially in DS GCF MMP-9 occurred in part in 82-85 kDa activated form. Salivary collagenase in DS was high when compared to controls but of the same MMP-8 type as in control saliva. Our findings suggest that in vivo activated MMP-8 in GCF derived from triggered PMNs and/or cytokine-induced periodontal fibroblasts may reflect periodontal tissue and alveolar bone destruction seen in the early stages of gingivitis/periodontitis associated with Down's syndrome.

Topics: Adolescent; Alveolar Bone Loss; Blotting, Western; Case-Control Studies; Child; Collagenases; Densitometry; Dental Plaque Index; Disease Susceptibility; Down Syndrome; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Fibroblasts; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Lasers; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Neutrophils; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Radiography; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

It has recently been suggested that the lipid-soluble, antibacterial agent triclosan possesses an anti-inflammatory effect in the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was to examine whether triclosan can protect the skin from the irritation or inflammation that may be caused by exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Finn Chamber patch tests on the forearms of 10 volunteers showed that a mixture of SLS and triclosan caused no inflammation, whereas SLS alone caused reactions in all the subjects. Pre-treatment with triclosan before SLS exposure had a slight effect whereas treatment after exposure showed a significant effect. It is suspected that the reported anti-gingivitis effect of triclosan may at least in part be explained by an anti-inflammatory effect.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Erythema; Female; Forearm; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Pilot Projects; Polysorbates; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Triclosan

The molecular forms of fibronectin (FN) in gingival crevicular fluid of five subjects with at least two sites exhibiting clinical signs of inflammation and pockets of at least 4 mm (test group) and five subjects with clinically healthy periodontium (control group) were investigated. Samples were collected with standard filter paper strips. In the test group samples from both diseased and healthy sites were collected. After collection the test group received one episode of periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning). The sampling and clinical recording were repeated for the diseased sites after about 2 wk. The crevicular fluid FN was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis followed by western blotting with polyclonal antibodies against FN. Both intact FN and FN fragments were found in all samples. A larger proportion of FN was in degraded form in the diseased sites than in the healthy or the treated sites. FN was also degraded into smaller peptide fragments in the diseased than in the treated sites. These results suggest that crevicular fluid FN is partially degraded both in periodontal health and disease and that the degree of degradation of FN increases with periodontal inflammation and decreases with periodontal treatment.

Topics: Adult; Blotting, Western; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Fibronectins; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Topics: Adult; Collagen; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Microbial Collagenase; Peptides; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Microbial Collagenase; Photofluorography; Rats; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Swine