sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Burns

Direct application of amnion has greater risk of immunological rejection and infection. Decellularization is an effective method to lower the risk of immune complications and infections. The bioreactor assembly with multiple cassettes was designed for decellurization of multiple amnions with different cell types simultaneously in single run. A detergent-based protocol was modified to remove all cellular components from amnion and diminish the DNA content to render it non-immunogenic. Amnion (n = 10) were treated with 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2% sodium deoxycholeate (SD). Decellularized amnion samples were analyzed by haematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Alcian blue pH 1 (AB-pH-1), 4,6-diamnionidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI), Massion's trichrome stain, DNA quantification, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histological analysis showed complete removal of cellular components and the histoarchitecture of scaffold remained intact. Amnion scaffold activated with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and calcium chloride composition supported better adherence to the wound than amnion alone. Only single application showed good healing. In vivo assessment of activated amnion revealed stable dressing. It has good promising outcome. At day 7, histologically the wounds treated with activated amnion were almost closed without scarring and showed well differentiated epidermis, proliferation of keratinocytes, hair follicles and basement membrane as compared to controls and silver nitrate gel dressings in a mouse (Mus musculus). Cryopreservation had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the amnion scaffold. Cryopreservation of decellularized amnion by Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) was expected to prepare off-the-shelf skin substitutes and preserve them to be immediately available upon request of patients' needs.

Topics: Amnion; Animals; Bandages; Bioreactors; Burns; Cryopreservation; Deoxycholic Acid; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; DNA; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Mice; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Skin, Artificial; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing

To confirm the effect of human urine in the treatment of wounds, burns and irritation.. The study was conducted at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, in November 2013 and comprised 15 rabbits of either gender. Irritation was induced by clockwise frictional movement of fine sandpaper to the ear of the rabbits. The counter-irritant activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in redness and erythema. A group of 3 rabbits each was used while experimenting with the main assay every time the concentration of irritants was increased. The ear treated with distilled water was used as a control. Sodium lauryl sulfate irritation model was also applied and the counter-irritant activity was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis.. The mean weight of the 15 rabbits was 1.5+/-SD kg. Urine (50 and 100µl) showed excellent counter-irritant activity when compared with control and standard dexamethasone. Both the doses showed counter-irritant activity, ranging between 76.84% and 95.68% in the sandpaper model, and 68.90% and 93.68% in the sodium lauryl sulfate model.. Human urine countered the effect of irritation in experimental animals and can be an alternative way of countering irritation.

Topics: Animals; Burns; Dexamethasone; Erythema; Humans; Rabbits; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Urine; Wounds and Injuries

Antimicrobial therapy remains the most important method of wound infection treatment. Systemically administered antimicrobials may not achieve therapeutic levels in wound. On the other hand, some topically applied antimicrobials cannot penetrate eschar well enough. Therefore, an attempt has been made here to increase permeation of topically applied drugs through eschar using the so-called skin penetration enhancers. To perform this investigation, effects of different potential penetration enhancers on permeation of chlorhexidine, silver sulfadiazine and nitroglycerin through human third-degree burn eschar was evaluated. Results showed that water, glycerin, saline, sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) and ethanol tend to reduce permeation of chlorhexidine through burn eschar. But, water, glycerin, hexane:ethanol and ethyl acetate:ethanol were able to increase permeation of silver sulfadiazine significantly by about 1.2-1.8 times, while saline, SDS and dimethyl sulfoxide were not able to change its permeation. Glycine showed 2.7 times enhancement toward permeation of nitroglycerin, followed by water, hexane:ethanol mixture, saline and SDS with enhancement ratios of 1.8-2.3. Urea, ethanol and citral were not able to increase permeation of nitroglycerin through eschar. This study shows that permeation of drugs through burn eschar can be improved by penetration enhancement including hydration; the effect depends on the nature of the penetrant.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Burns; Chlorhexidine; Diffusion; Ethanol; Glycerol; Humans; Nitroglycerin; Silver Sulfadiazine; Skin Absorption; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Vasodilator Agents; Water; Wound Infection

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin is a monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine implicated as a proximal mediator of many of the catastrophic host responses to infection or endotoxin. However, circulating levels of TNF-alpha/cachectin have only been episodically detected in hospitalized patients with life-threatening bacterial infections. In the present report, increased quantities of immune-reactive TNF-alpha/cachectin were recovered from the livers of rats 3 days following a lethal burn and infection. Two species of TNF-alpha/cachectin were detected, one of approximately 29 kd and the other 17 kd, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In murine peritoneal macrophages and rat Kupffer cells stimulated in vitro with endotoxin, a 29-kd cell-associated and 17-kd secreted form were also detected. We conclude that the increased appearance in vivo of a 29-kd form of TNF-alpha/cachectin from the livers of lethally burned and infected rats represents a novel cell-associated form of the protein.

Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Burns; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Kupffer Cells; Liver; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Weight; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Human skin was scalded in vitro at different temperatures. Strips of scalded skin were dissolved in sodium dodecylsulphate and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Negative correlation was found between temperature of scalding and relative heights of some of the peaks estimated by densitography. Human skin scalded at temperature up to 100 degrees C did not show qualitative changes in protein composition. Appearance of high molecular weight protein fractions in skin scalded at 120 degrees C was demonstrated.

Topics: Burns; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycoproteins; Hot Temperature; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lipoproteins; Protein Denaturation; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Solubility

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Apoproteins; Burns; Electrophoresis, Disc; Germ-Free Life; Immune Sera; Kidney; Lipoproteins; Macromolecular Substances; Mercaptoethanol; Mice; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Toxins, Biological; Urea