sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and Aortic-Aneurysm

The biological mechanisms predisposing intracranial saccular aneurysms to growth and rupture are not yet fully understood. Mural cell loss is a histological hallmark of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. It remains unclear whether mural cell loss predisposes to aneurysm growth and eventual rupture.. Sodium dodecyl sulfate decellularized and nondecellularized saccular aneurysm from syngeneic thoracic aortas were transplanted to the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats. Aneurysm patency and growth was followed up for 1 month with contrast-enhanced serial magnetic resonance angiographies. Endoscopy and histology of the aneurysms were used to assess the role of periadventitial environment, aneurysm wall, and thrombus remodeling.. Nondecellularized aneurysms (n=12) showed a linear course of thrombosis and remained stable. Decellularized aneurysms (n=12) exhibited a heterogeneous pattern of thrombosis, thrombus recanalization, and growth. Three of the growing aneurysms (n=5) ruptured during the observation period. Growing and ruptured aneurysms demonstrated marked adventitial fibrosis and inflammation, complete wall disruption, and increased neutrophil accumulation in unorganized intraluminal thrombus.. In the presented experimental setting, complete loss of mural cells acts as a driving force for aneurysm growth and rupture. The findings suggest that aneurysms missing mural cells are incapable to organize a luminal thrombus, leading to recanalization, increased inflammatory reaction, severe wall degeneration, and eventual rupture.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Rupture; Cerebral Angiography; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Endoscopy; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Paraffin Embedding; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Thrombosis

Abnormalities of collagenous peptides were detected among a group of 20 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, studied by high-performance liquid chromatography/NaDodSO4-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis of the cyanogen bromide (CB) cleavage products of insoluble skin protein. Three abnormal patterns were identified as follows: (1) relative deficiency of a peptide with a relative molecular mass of approximately 58 kilodaltons (four patients); (2) relative decrease in the ratio of alpha-2 to alpha-1 (I) CB peptides (seven patients); and (3) decreased detection of all collagenous CB and pepsin cleavage products (one patient, who was also heterozygous for the Z allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin). The "minimal hypothesis" to explain these findings is that most of the observed abnormalities can be explained by collagenolysis in vitro, although a mutation in the primary structure of collagen has not been ruled out in all patients. Molecular heterogeneity appears to occur within the aneurysm phenotype, and the findings in the patient in group 3 allow identification of one possible risk factor in abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease that has a genomic assignment.

Topics: Amino Acids; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm; Arteriosclerosis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Collagen; Cyanogen Bromide; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Pepsin A; Peptides; Phenotype; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate