sodium-chlorate and Hyperplasia

Sodium chlorate occurs when drinking water is disinfected by chlorine dioxide. We studied the effects of sodium chlorate in rats and mice to identify potential toxic or carcinogenic hazards to humans.. We gave groups of male and female rats drinking water containing 125, 1,000, or 2,000 milligrams (mg) of sodium chlorate per liter (L) of water for two years. Male and female mice received 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/L. Other groups of animals received plain tap water and served as the control groups. At the end of the study, tissues from more than 40 sites were examined for every animal.. Male and female rats receiving sodium chlorate had higher rates of follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, and the groups receiving 2,000 mg/L had higher rates of thyroid gland cancer, compared with the control groups. Female mice exposed to sodium chlorate had a few pancreatic islet cell tumors.. We conclude that sodium chlorate caused some thyroid gland neoplasms in male and female rats. The pancreatic islet cell tumors in female mice may have been related to sodium chlorate exposure.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Diseases; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Chlorates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hyperplasia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Molecular Conformation; Neoplasms; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Chronic; Water Supply

The use of hydrogen peroxide as a labile and safe food preservative in fish cake and boiled noodles has recently been restricted by the Japanese government, since hyperplasia has been found in the duodenum of mice after long-term peroral study. The action of compounds with resembling mode of action, potassium bromate as an improving agent in bread, and sodium chlorate as a weed killer are discussed in this paper in view of developmental and environmental pharmacology.

Topics: Animals; Bromates; Carcinogens; Chlorates; Duodenum; Food Additives; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hyperplasia; Japan; Mice; Mutagens; Potassium; Rats