sodium-bicarbonate and Weight-Gain

The aim of this study was to assess the age-related effects of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on the performance, immune response (from day 0 to 42) and macromineral content of femur ash of broilers. The DEB values of the purchased commercial broiler diets were modified with the addition of NH4Cl or NaHCO3 to formulate the diets (DEB 325, 250, 175, 100, 25 and -50 mmol/kg) for this investigation. A total of 396 chickens were divided into 6 treatment groups and fed with the experimental diets for 6 weeks. During the first two weeks of life, DEB did not influence feed intake and body weight gain; however, by the 21st day of age DEB 175 and between 22 and 42 days of age DEB 250 mmol/kg gave significantly better results than the control. DEB did not affect the macromineral concentrations of bone ash. The immune response of broilers on low DEB (< 175 mmol/kg) was faster and more intensive than that of chickens on diets with medium or high DEB (> 175 mmol/kg). It can be concluded that the optimal DEB value required for the best body weight gain is significantly influenced by the age of broilers. Our results call attention to the discrepancy between the decreasing DEB level of commercial broiler diets and the age-related increase of 'electrolyte requirements' of broilers. It is also interesting that DEB may influence not only the performance but also the immune response of broilers.

Topics: Aging; Ammonium Chloride; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Bone Density; Chickens; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrolytes; Male; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weight Gain

1. One hundred and eighty 1-d-old broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effect upon broiler performance during severely hot summer months of three different sodium salts: sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), in starter and finisher diets having an identical electrolyte balance (DEB) of 250 mEq/kg. 2. The non-chloride sodium salts were added to contribute the same amount of sodium and were substituted at the expense of builder's sand in the basal diets containing common salt (NaCl) as Na and Cl source. 3. Each diet was fed to three experimental units having 15 chicks each until 42 d of age. Severe heat-stress conditions, maintained in the rearing room, were indicated by high average weekly room temperature (minimum 29.3 degrees C; maximum 38.0 degrees C). 4. Diets containing sodium salts gave better body weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio than the control diet. Sodium salts also enhanced water intake as well as water to feed intake ratio. This effect was more pronounced in broilers fed NaHCO3 supplement (with NaCl in the basal diets). 5. The increased water intake resulted in lower body temperature in heat-stressed birds fed NaHCO3 supplemented diet than in birds fed other sodium salts. A lower mortality rate was noted with NaHCO3 (15.15%), Na2CO3 (13.64%) and Na2SO4 (15.15%) supplements than with the control (33.33%) treatment. 6. Better carcase and parts yield were observed in sodium supplemented broilers. Sodium salts reduced the alkalotic pH and enhanced the blood sodium content, which ultimately improved the blood electrolyte balance and overall performance of heat-stressed broilers. 7. Supplementing broiler diets with sodium salts improved the live performance of heat-stressed broilers and better productive performance was noted with NaHCO3 than other sodium supplements.

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Temperature; Carbonates; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Drinking; Hot Temperature; Poultry Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Stress, Physiological; Sulfates; Weight Gain

Correction of metabolic acidosis in dialysis patients should be considered of paramount importance. However, consuming sodium bicarbonate tablets during the interdialytic interval to reach predialysis bicarbonate levels of 23--24 mmol/l is not widespread due to the fear of greater interdialytic weight gain and fluid overload. For this reason we investigated in a cross-sectional and in an interventional study the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on body weight gain, plasma sodium concentrations and predialysis blood pressure in a group of stable uremic patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment.. 110 patients (67 men, 43 women), mean age 67+/-15 (range 22--89) years, on regular chronic HD treatment for 6--372 (median 48) months were studied. 70 patients were on regular oral bicarbonate supplementation for at least 4 weeks (group A), 40 patients were not on oral bicarbonate supplementation (group B). The following parameters were recorded: dry body weight (DBW), interdialytic weight gain (IWG), body mass index (BMI), plasma sodium (Na), serum pH, serum bicarbonate (sBic), K(t)/V, normalized protein catabolic rate (PCRn), predialysis systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and bicarbonate therapy (g/day). 18 patients not on oral bicarbonate supplementation with sBic levels

Topics: Acidosis; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Uremia; Weight Gain

 For patients receiving chemotherapy, various oral care therapies are used to treat oral mucositis, but the use of black mulberry extract as an effective treatment has not been widely studied.
..  This study examined whether black mulberry extract is an effective treatment for oral mucositis, dry mouth, and weight gain compared to sodium bicarbonate in patients with cancer.
..  The control group (N = 20) received sodium bicarbonate, and the intervention group (N = 20) received black mulberry extract. Mucositis and weight gain were evaluated on days 1, 7, and 15 after oral care application.
..  For both groups, mean scores indicated a statistically significant decrease in mucositis and dry mouth at all three time points. Mean scores were significantly lower in the intervention group on days 7 and 15. At all three time points, increases in weight were statistically significant for the intervention group but not for the control group. Increased weight gain in the intervention group was statistically significant when comparing the two groups on days 7 and 15.

Topics: Humans; Morus; Mucositis; Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Sodium Bicarbonate; Stomatitis; Weight Gain; Xerostomia

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Diagnosis, Differential; Exome Sequencing; Female; Fluid Therapy; Food Intolerance; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Hypercalcemia; Infant; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Potassium Citrate; Sodium Bicarbonate; Treatment Outcome; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; Weight Gain

A simple method to reduce adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin on animal health is described. Animals receiving normal saline (0.9% NaCl) s.c. prior to once weekly injections of cisplatin (3 mg/kg i.p.×3 or 4 weeks) exhibited failure of weight gain, lowered body temperature, elevations in creatinine and ketone levels and increased kidney weight ratios. By contrast, rats treated with sodium bicarbonate (4% NaHCO3 in saline s.c.) prior to cisplatin (3 mg/kg i.p.×3 or 4 weeks) exhibited normal weight gain, body temperature, creatinine and ketone levels, as well as normal kidney weight ratios (over 16 or 28 days, respectively). Cisplatin-induced neuropathy (i.e. mechanical and cold allodynia) developed equivalently in both groups. Our studies suggest that NaHCO3 pretreatment promotes animal health and minimizes weight loss, body temperature dysregulation and signs of renal toxicity (i.e. increases in creatinine and kidney weight ratio) following repeated cisplatin treatment without altering the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Temperature Regulation; Cisplatin; Drug Interactions; Kidney; Male; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Insufficiency; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weight Gain

Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Female; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Long-Term Care; Nursing Homes; Renal Dialysis; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium, Dietary; Weight Gain

Ross male broiler chicks (n = 480) on new litter were used in a randomized block design with two blocks (environmental rooms) and four treatments having four replicate pens (1.0 x 2.5 m; 15 chicks) each to evaluate dietary electrolyte balance (DEB; P < 0.05). Two rooms were 1) thermoneutral (Weeks 1 through 6, with decreasing maximum from 32 to 25 degrees C and minimum from 28 to 19 degrees C; relative humidity 49 to 58%) and 2) cyclic daily heat stress (Weeks 1 and 2, thermoneutral; Weeks 2 through 6, maximum temperatures 35, 35, 33, and 33 degrees C, respectively; and minimum temperatures 23, 20, 19, and 19 degrees C, respectively; relative humidity 51 to 54%). The DEB treatments (0, 140, 240, or 340 mEq Na + K - Cl/kg) had NaHCO3 plus NH4Cl, or KHCO3, or both added to corn-soybean meal mash basal diets with 0.30% salt (NaCl). In the thermoneutral room, DEB 240 increased 42-d weight gain and 44-d lymphocyte percentage and decreased heterophil percentage and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio compared to the DEB 40 treatment. The DEB 240 diets had 0.35 and 0.35% Na and 0.37% and 0.29% Cl in starter (0.75% K) and grower (0.67% K) diets, respectively. No DEB treatment differences were found in the heat stress room. For combined rooms, 42-d feed intake was higher for DEB 240 than for DEB 40. The 21-d weight gain was higher for DEB 240 than for DEB 40 or 140; and 21-d feed/gain was lower for DEB 40 than for DEB 340. The predicted maximum point of inflection for 21- and 42-d weight gains were DEB 250 and 201, with highest 42-d feed intake at 220.

Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Bicarbonates; Chickens; Chlorides; Diet; Eating; Electrolytes; Energy Metabolism; Glycine max; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Potassium Compounds; Potassium, Dietary; Regression Analysis; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium, Dietary; Stress, Physiological; Weight Gain; Zea mays

An experiment was designed to verify the effect of dietary NaHCO3 supplementation on performance of guinea fowl raised under high environmental temperatures (23.8 to 33.9 C) and average relative humidity of 78.7%. One hundred and forty guinea fowl in their final period of growth (56 to 84 d of age) were allotted to individual wire cages. Five isocaloric (3,000 kcal ME/kg) 16% CP diets based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4% sodium bicarbonate were fed to the birds. The experiment followed a randomized block design with 28 birds per treatment (14 of each sex) with each bird being considered as one repetition. Results showed that weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, blood pH, carcass yield, and carcass composition were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass moisture, and fat content, however, were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by sex. Females showed 17.49% better weight gain, 7.16% greater feed intake, and 9.6% better feed conversion than males. These differences were exacerbated at supplementation levels of 1.2 and 1.8% sodium bicarbonate in the diet. Male birds showed carcass moisture values significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those of female birds; the opposite occurred with carcass fat levels. The use of sodium bicarbonate in levels up to 2.4% of the diet did not affect the performance of guinea fowl raised under the environmental conditions registered in this study.

Topics: Animals; Blood; Body Composition; Diet; Eating; Female; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Poultry; Sex Characteristics; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weight Gain

Four experiments were conducted to characterize the interactions between fumaric (FA), malic (MA), or citric acid (CA) and NaHCO3. In two experiments, seven diets were formulated containing 2.5% FA, MA, and CA, with or without 2.3, 1.9, or 1.4% NaHCO3, respectively, as well as a control diet (no addition of organic acids or NaHCO3) for 28-d-old pigs (Exp. 1, corn-soy protein concentrate-based diet) and 1-wk-old chicks (Exp. 4, corn-soy-based diet). In Exp. 1, at 2 and 4 wk, the FA+NaHCO3 treatment resulted in greater average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (ADFI) compared with the control (P < .05). In Exp. 2, 28-d-old pigs were fed corn-soy diets with .9, 1.6, and 2.3% NaHCO3 in addition to 2.5% FA. After wk 2, there was a quadratic response in ADG (P < .08) and ADFI (P < .05) when increasing levels of NaHCO3 were added to the diet. This was true at wk 4 for both ADG and ADFI (P < .05). In Exp. 3, finishing pigs were fed corn-soy diets containing 2.5% FA or 2.5% FA + 2.3% NaHCO3 added to a control diet. No effect (P < .05) of FA or NaHCO3 was observed. In Exp. 4, the combination of CA+NaHCO3 or MA+NaHCO3 was superior to FA+NaHCO3 for ADG (P < .08) and ADFI (P < .05) when fed to young chicks.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Carboxylic Acids; Chickens; Citrates; Citric Acid; Eating; Female; Fumarates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Malates; Male; Random Allocation; Sodium Bicarbonate; Swine; Weight Gain

Two feedlot growth performance trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the relationship between monensin (MON) and sodium bicarbonate (BICARB) supplementation on utilization of a high-energy diet by finishing steers. Two levels of MON (0 and 33 mg/kg of diet) and two levels of BICARB (0 and .75% DM) were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The basal diet contained 75% steam-flaked corn, 4% yellow grease, and 12% forage (DM basis). There were no interactions between supplemental BICARB and MON on feedlot growth performance or characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. With either crossbred or Holstein steers there were no treatment effects (P > .10) on ADG, DM intake, feed efficiency, or NE value of the diet. The BICARB did not influence (P > .10) ruminal or total tract digestion of OM, ADF, starch, and N, ruminal pH, or ruminal VFA molar proportions. Monensin decreased (6.6%, P < .10) ruminal OM digestion. However, differences in ruminal digestion were compensated for by increased (3.2%, P < .05) postruminal OM digestion. Effects of MON on total tract digestion of OM, ADF, N, starch and GE were small (P > .10). Monensin decreased ruminal molar proportions of acetate (5.3%, P > .10) and butyrate (29.4%, P < .05) and increased molar proportions of propionate (16.3%, P < .10). Coupled with reduced ruminal OM fermentation, the increase in molar proportions of propionate caused a decrease in ruminal methane energy loss and increased diet ME (2.7%, P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Bicarbonates; Cattle; Dietary Fats; Digestion; Eating; Food, Fortified; Male; Monensin; Muscle Development; Muscles; Random Allocation; Rumen; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weight Gain

Sodium bicarbonate and yeast culture effects on ruminal fermentation, intake, and growth were evaluated in young calves. In trail 1, nine ruminally cannulated Holstein calves averaging 12 wk of age were fed control starter (17% CP) or starters containing 3% sodium bicarbonate or .2% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture in a 3 x 3 Latin square. Calves were fed for ad libitum consumption for 10 d and then at 85% of ad libitum intake to d 14. Ruminal fluid taken at 0 h postfeeding tended to have higher pH and a greater proportion of acetate when calves were fed sodium bicarbonate, but other ruminal and blood parameters did not differ among treatments. By 4 h after feeding, ruminal VFA had increased to 120.7 mM, molar proportions of individual acids were altered, and blood ketones and VFA increased in treated calves. In trial 2, 42 Jersey calves were fed experimental starters for ad libitum consumption during a 12-wk study. Calves began the study at 3 to 5 d of age. There were no significant effects of yeast culture or sodium bicarbonate on DMI or intake of starter, rates of gain, or feed efficiency. Plasma urea N was reduced when sodium bicarbonate was fed. Both sodium bicarbonate and yeast culture affected blood and ruminal metabolites when calves were limit-fed but did not influence intake or daily gain when calves were fed for ad libitum consumption.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bicarbonates; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cattle; Eating; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketones; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Rumen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weaning; Weight Gain

Three growth experiments were conducted to assess the effect of fumaric acid (FA) supplementation on the performance of pigs fed different types of diets. These 4-wk experiments involved 550 crossbred pigs weaned at 30 +/- 3 d of age. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed either a simple corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or a 75% corn-SBM, 25% dried skim milk (DSM) diet. Zero, 2, or 3% FA were added to the diets to create a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Supplementing diets with DSM improved gain (P less than .05) and gain/feed (P less than .001). Fumaric acid addition improved efficiency of feed utilization (P less than .01). Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of protein source (casein or soy protein concentrate [SPC]) on the response to 3% FA. Sodium bicarbonate (BCB; 2.75%) was added to one diet containing casein and FA to negate the effect of FA on growth performance. Addition of FA improved gain and feed efficiency (P less than .05) during the first 2 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bicarbonates; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Female; Fumarates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Swine; Weight Gain

We evaluated the influence of supplemental dietary NaHCO3 on K metabolism of young dairy calves. Thirty-two Holstein and Jersey male and female calves were blocked at 56 to 70 d after birth according to breed, sex, and age and assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 8 wk: .4% K with 0% NaHCO3, .4% K with 2% NaHCO3, .6% K with 0% NaHCO3, and .6% K with 2% NaHCO3. Feed intake was not affected by dietary KCl or NaHCO3 supplementation, but average daily gain increased with increased K and tended to be reduced by dietary NaHCO3. Plasma K was elevated by increased dietary K but generally was unaffected by NaHCO3. Urinary Ca excretion appeared to be reduced by NaHCO3; urine pH increased with supplemental NaHCO3. Results indicate 1) the K requirement of the growing calf is between .40 and .55% of diet DM, 2) because urinary K excretion was elevated by dietary NaHCO3, the K requirement may be increased when the diet is supplemented with NaHCO3, and 3) average daily gain and plasma K are sensitive indicators of dietary K in the growing calf.

Topics: Animals; Bicarbonates; Calcium; Cattle; Chlorides; Eating; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Potassium; Random Allocation; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Weight Gain

1. Seventy 1-d-old broiler chicks were experimentally inoculated orally with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 (1.4 x 10(11) cells/chick), 0:8 (1.6 x 10(11) cells) and 0:9 (8.0 x 10(10) cells) with or without sodium bicarbonate solution (10 g/l). 2. None of the chicks showed any overt clinical signs or pathological lesions although the organism was demonstrated in the ileum and shedding was observed up to 13 d after exposure. 3. The serotype, dose of Y. enterocolitica and administration of NaHCO3 solution had no significant effect on the weight gain of exposed broiler chicks. 4. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart and gall bladder of infected chicks 70 d after exposure. 5. Although broiler chicks appear resistant to high doses of Y. enterocolitica by the oral route, detection of the organism in the organs of infected chickens is of public health significance.

Topics: Animals; Bicarbonates; Cecum; Chickens; Feces; Ileum; Poultry Diseases; Serotyping; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Time Factors; Weight Gain; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia Infections