sodium-bicarbonate and Periodontal-Diseases

Mechanical disruption of dental biofilm is critical to maintain periodontal health. Baking soda-containing dentifrices have shown to be potential aids for improving gingival health and maintaining dental biofilm control.. Evidence from classic and contemporary literature is reviewed and summarized in this review. In vitro and in vivo (animal and human, respectively) studies and clinical trials have been analyzed.. Some clinical studies demonstrated the benefits of baking soda dentifrices in plaque and gingivitis reduction. Clinical trials with longer follow-up would be useful to confirm the impact of baking soda on gingival health.. Regular dental biofilm control and adjunctive use of baking soda dentifrices in an otherwise healthy and compliant patient may provide success in maintenance of gingival health.

Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Dentifrices; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Toothbrushing with toothpaste is the most widely used method of home dental care for the populations of the Western world. The traditional role of toothpaste is primarily cosmetic, in aiding the cleaning of teeth and producing fresh breath. Today, however, formulations contain ingredients which may also help oral health by way of reducing dental plaque and improving gingival/periodontal health. This article provides a short review on the usefulness of these chemicals when used primarily in toothpastes.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Dental Deposits; Halitosis; Humans; Oxidants; Periodontal Diseases; Plant Extracts; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sodium Bicarbonate; Tin Fluorides; Toothpastes; Triclosan; Zinc Compounds

There has been much debate as to the indications for and outcomes of nonsurgical dental therapy. This two-part series will discuss questions regarding non-surgical v surgical therapies, including how the dental team can best relate findings to patients.

Topics: Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Dental Records; Dental Scaling; DNA Probes; Gingival Recession; Humans; Patient Care Planning; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Tooth Root; Toothbrushing

The comparative benefits from the use of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide over the use of a commercial dentifrice in periodontal therapy is controversial. The consensus of the clinical research indicates that application by patients of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide offers no advantage over the preestablished, properly performed home oral hygiene procedures. Any improvements in clinical and microbial parameters generally were attributed to scaling and root planing. The studies that have reported beneficial results with sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide have used additional antimicrobial agents, concomitant professional application of these substances, and scaling and root planing. In one of these reports, inorganic salts and chloramine-T were delivered subgingivally throughout root-planing procedures, in addition to home application of inorganic salts. Most of these patients also received at least one course of systemic tetracycline therapy. Because this study had no control group, it is impossible to determine whether this program is more effective than are other periodontal therapy programs. A more controlled clinical study involving professional application of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone-iodine has shown greater gains in clinical attachment and bone mass than has brushing with toothpaste and water. Again, subgingival scaling and root planing were necessary to attain these results. Because multiple topical agents were applied in both of these reports and systemic antimicrobial agents were used by the Keyes group, it is impossible to determine which agent was responsible for the improvements. Further, professional application may be the crucial factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Scaling; Epithelial Attachment; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microscopy; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Spirochaetales; Surgical Flaps; Tooth Root

Topics: Amebicides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bicarbonates; Biocompatible Materials; Chlorhexidine; Citrates; Citric Acid; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Sodium Bicarbonate; Toothbrushing

The effect of an oral irrigator (Water Pik, Intersante) with a subgingival tip (Pik Pocket Subgingival Tip, Intersante) in the reduction of gingivitis was investigated in a single-blind three-group study involving 45 volunteers (age 46.2+/-10.2). All volunteers (inclusion criteria: gingivitis or a superficial periodontitis) were examined and underwent professional tooth cleaning at the first appointment. They were then randomly distributed in three groups: one group used the irrigator with the subgingival tip once daily with just tap water, in addition to their regular oral hygiene; another group also used an herbal-based mouth rinse (Parodontax, GlaxoSmithkline) in the water of the irrigator; a third group did not use an irrigator or any irrigant and therefore served as control. All groups received professional oral care education at each appointment. The investigation period was 3 months. At baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the plaque index (PI, scores 0-5), gingival index (GI, scores 0-3), bleeding index (BI scores 0-5), and sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR, Periotron 6000) at the Ramfjord teeth were scored. At baseline and after 3 months, the probing depth (millimeters) was measured at six surfaces of all teeth. A significant reduction in BI, PI, GI, probing depth, and SFFR was observed within 3 months. With all volunteers, however, there was no statistically significant difference ( p>/=0.05, Wilcoxon-test, SAS 6.04) between the three groups at any time. The additional use of the Water Pik irrigator with the Pik Pocket subgingival irrigation device with or without an herbal mouth rinse showed no clinical benefit over professional education in oral hygiene alone.

Topics: Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Prophylaxis; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Plant Extracts; Single-Blind Method; Sodium Bicarbonate; Therapeutic Irrigation; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes

This study of 171 subjects compared the effectiveness of a patient-applied salt and peroxide oral hygiene regimen with the use of conventional oral hygiene methods on clinical measures of periodontal disease, and determined patient compliance with and acceptance of using these two oral hygiene regimens. Results indicated that both regimens, when combined with professional care, were effective in changing clinical measures of periodontal disease to a state favoring periodontal health.

Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Dental Devices, Home Care; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; Periodontal Diseases; Random Allocation; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Keyes' method of non-surgical therapy was compared with modified Widman flap surgery in 9 patients with symmetrical periodontal disease. Following an initial oral hygiene programme, baseline measurements were recorded and paired contralateral areas were subjected randomly to the 2 techniques. 42 teeth receiving surgery were compared with 40 treated by Keyes' method. 6 sites per tooth were scored immediately prior to therapy and 3 months later, using a constant force probe with onlays. Consistent data were recorded for the 6 separate sites, which showed no baseline difference between treatments, slightly greater recession with surgery at 3 months, but no difference between treatments in probing depth and attachment levels. Mean data for individual patients showed similar consistency. Probing depth in deep sites was reduced slightly more with surgery, and there were no differences in bleeding on probing at 3 months. Both techniques gave marked improvements in health. Surprisingly, only 2 subjects preferred Keyes' technique of mechanical therapy, 6 preferred surgery, and 1 had no preference.

Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Consumer Behavior; Dental Devices, Home Care; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Surgical Flaps

The use of a periodontal home care regime has been found to induce erosive gingival lesions in some individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the chemical or physical components of the technique might be responsible for the changes observed. Ten normotensive subjects were assigned to two groups. Group I subjects used a dentifrice consisting either of sodium bicarbonate and 3% hydrogen peroxide or 3% hydrogen peroxide alone; the dentifrice was removed with a 5 M NaCl irrigating solution. Group II subjects used the same dentifrices as Group I subjects, but distilled water was used as irrigant instead of 5 M NaCl. Erosive lesions of gingiva developed in all six subjects in Group I using the soda-paste dentifrice and 5 M NaCl irrigant; however, no lesions were found in Group II subjects. The use of a saturated NaCl irrigating solution appears to be injurious to gingiva, possibly as a result of the markedly hypertonic solution dehydrating the epithelium.

Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Dentifrices; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Random Allocation; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Humans; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate

The Keyes technique came to national attention following a reference in The New York Times in the late 1970s. Several lay press articles and discussions on national television served to further focus the interest of patients, general dentists, and periodontists on this potential approach to periodontal therapy. Early evaluations of the data on the technique resulted in an Academy position paper in 1981. Recognizing that there was a lack of well-controlled studies on the technique led to extensive research efforts supported by the National Institute of Dental Research. The results of those efforts have provided substantial new information that serves as the basis of the present position paper. Although this technique is no longer widely used in the United States, some patients and dentists may have not had the benefit of the new data.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oral Hygiene; Oxidants; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Sodium Bicarbonate

An air-powder abrasive system, the Prophy-Jet, is a commercially available product product intended for use during dental prophylaxis procedures. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects on periodontal tissues when the device is used as an adjunct to hand instrumentation in root preparation during periodontal surgery. The degree of tissue injury was assessed by evaluating clinical healing and by histometric analysis of the intensity of the inflammatory response at selected healing times. Surgical sites subjected to Prophy-Jet treatment tended to have slightly lower histometric inflammation scores than control sites treated by hand instrumentation alone. As judged by the inflammatory response and clinical healing, additional effects to surgical exposure of tissues of the periodontium were benign. Use of the Prophy-Jet instrument during periodontal surgery is effective and well tolerated.

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Bicarbonates; Calcium Phosphates; Dental Prophylaxis; Dogs; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Powders; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Surgical Flaps; Tooth Root; Water; Wound Healing

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microscopy; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Self Care; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

The correction of malocclusions in juvenile periodontitis (JP) patients completing periodontal therapy is a problem of increasing clinical concern to orthodontists, since many teeth with severe alveolar bone loss in these patients can now be successfully treated without extraction. In this report, fixed edgewise orthodontic therapy was carried out after the completion of periodontal therapy on four JP patients. The orthodontic therapy included extensive intrusion of teeth severely affected by JP. Phase-contrast microscopic analysis of subgingival plaque from orthodontically treated teeth was used to monitor longitudinally the effects of fixed orthodontic bands on the subgingival flora and also to monitor the efficacy of topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy aimed at suppression of suspected periodontopathic bacteria. Orthodontic movement was completed on most periodontally compromised teeth without significant evidence of additional deterioration in periodontal status. However, within the first 6 months of orthodontic band placement, all patients had significant increases in the number of spirochetes and motile rods in their subgingival flora. Three of the patients also developed high levels of crevicular polymorphonuclear leukocytes around orthodontically treated teeth, indicating significant subgingival inflammation. Intensive antimicrobial measures, including topical inorganic salt applications and systemic tetracycline, were helpful in limiting clinical inflammation and subgingival colonization by periodontopathogens during orthodontic therapy. The results demonstrate that successful orthodontic repositioning can be carried out in treated JP patients. In addition, bacteriologic monitoring and chemotherapeutic suppression of periodontal pathogens may be valuable in the prevention of further destructive periodontal disease activity in periodontitis patients undergoing orthodontic therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Malocclusion; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Neutrophils; Orthodontic Appliances; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Spirochaetales; Tetracycline; Tooth Movement Techniques

Topics: Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Three cases of self-inflicted gingival injuries resulting from the improper use of the Keyes technique are presented. The profession must assume responsibility for studies to determine the safety of the methods of application of the hydrogen peroxide, salt and baking soda mixtures and disseminate this information for the public interest.

Topics: Bicarbonates; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Scaling; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microscopy; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Tooth Root

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Child; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Tetracycline

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bicarbonates; Dental Devices, Home Care; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Cell Survival; Gingiva; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Bacteria; Bicarbonates; Dental Scaling; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Tooth Root

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride