sodium-acetate--anhydrous and Stomach-Neoplasms

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium acetate on the viability of the human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) epithelial cell line. AGS cells were exposed to a range of concentrations of sodium acetate for different periods of time, and the sodium acetate-induced cytotoxic effects, including cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic gene expression, and caspase activity, were assessed. The changes in these phenotypes were quantified by performing a lactate dehydrogenase cell viability assay, annexin V staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and several caspase activity assays. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of sodium acetate on the AGS cell line were dose- and time-dependent manners. No differences were found between the negative control and sodium acetate-treated cells stained with annexin V and subjected to the TUNEL assay. However, caspase-3 activity was increased in AGS cells exposed to sodium acetate. Overall, it was concluded that sodium acetate exerted an apoptotic effect in AGS cells via a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; DNA Fragmentation; Epithelial Cells; Histones; Humans; Sodium Acetate; Stomach Neoplasms

To investigate the effect of sodium nitrite on the viability of the human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line, AGS, cultured AGS cells were exposed to various concentrations of sodium nitrite for 24, 48 or 72 h. The cytotoxic response was assessed using a cell proliferation assay, and the extent of the response was evaluated on the basis of intracellular and extracellular levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Both mRNA and protein levels were measured for each cytokine. Sodium nitrite had a significant effect on AGS cell proliferation after a 72-h exposure. At low sodium nitrite concentrations (up to 6.25 mM), cell proliferation increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, exposure to higher concentrations resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation. Sodium nitrite at a low concentration (6.25 mM) increased IL-8 release, whereas IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha release increased only after exposure to high sodium nitrite concentration (25 mM). Our data demonstrate that sodium nitrite can induce the release of these inflammatory cytokines and that high concentrations of sodium nitrite decrease AGS cell proliferation.

Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Nitrite; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We have studied the effect of sodium acetate exposure on the viability and proliferative activity of cultured human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial (AGS) cells and changes in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta in cell culture supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and cytokine mRNA levels were measured in whole cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We also measured cytokine levels in mice using immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies demonstrated that incubation with sodium acetate (up to 12.5 mM) for 72 h stimulated AGS cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; however, incubation with >12.5 mM sodium acetate inhibited cell growth, also in a dose-dependent manner (the largest decrease in viability was >50%). Incubation with sodium acetate for 24 h increased the levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha protein and mRNAs (IL-6 was detected but its mRNA was not). The effect of sodium acetate on the expression of these cytokines in cell culture was verified in mice. Our data suggest that ingestion of high concentrations of sodium acetate in food has cytotoxic effects.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Acetate; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The effects of cytotoxic monochloramine on the development of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were investigated in Wistar rats. After oral administration of drinking water containing the carcinogen and regular chow pellets for 25 weeks, rats received regular chow pellets or chow pellets containing 20% ammonium acetate, and normal tap water or water containing 30 mM sodium hypochlorite, with or without s.c. injection of taurine, until the end of the experiment in week 52. Treatment with both ammonium acetate and sodium hypochlorite significantly increased the incidence of gastric cancers in week 52, while the concomitant use of taurine with ammonium acetate and sodium hypochlorite significantly attenuated the enhanced gastric carcinogenesis. Spectrophotometric examinations revealed that taurine scavenged monochloramine. These findings suggest that Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis may be mediated by monochloramine.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chloramines; Cocarcinogenesis; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Male; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Hypochlorite; Stomach Neoplasms; Taurine