sodium-acetate--anhydrous and Flushing

Peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, produces autonomic responses in humans called "flushing". The aversive characteristics of flushing observed in some populations with an isoform of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) less active, are the basis for treating alcoholics with disulfiram, an ALDH inhibitor. Although ethanol and centrally formed acetaldehyde have anxiolytic effects, peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde may be aversive in part because it is anxiogenic.. We investigated the effect of direct administration of acetaldehyde on behavioral measures of anxiety and on hormonal markers of stress in mice. The impact of disulfiram on the anxiolytic actions of ethanol was evaluated. Acetate (a metabolite of acetaldehyde) was also studied.. CD1 male mice received acetaldehyde (0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg) at different time intervals and were assessed in the elevated plus maze and in the dark-light box. Corticosterone release after acetaldehyde administration was also assessed. Additional experiments evaluated the impact of disulfiram on the anxiolytic effect of ethanol (0 or 1 mg/kg), and the effect of acetate on the plus maze.. Direct administration of acetaldehyde (100 mg/kg) had an anxiogenic effect at 1, 11 or 26 min after IP administration. Acetaldehyde was ten times more potent than ethanol at inducing corticosterone release. Disulfiram did not affect behavior on its own, but blocked the anxiolytic effect of ethanol at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, and had an anxiogenic effect at the highest dose (90 mg/kg) when co-administered with ethanol. Acetate did not affect any of the anxiety parameters.. Peripheral administration or accumulation of acetaldehyde produces anxiogenic effects and induces endocrine stress responses. This effect is not mediated by its metabolite acetate.

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Corticosterone; Disulfiram; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanol; Exploratory Behavior; Flushing; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Sodium Acetate; Stress, Psychological

A rare case of an anaphylactoid reaction to maltose solution is presented.. A 28-yr-old man underwent repair of bilateral inguinal hernia under spinal anaesthesia with dibucaine. At the end of operation, he developed generalized flush and circulatory collapse immediately after receiving Na acetate solution containing maltose, 5%, i.v. The reactions were treated with 32 mg ephedrine and 250 mg methylprednisolone i.v., and rapid infusion of 1,000 ml acetated Ringer's solution. The skin tests provoked positive responses to maltose solutions.. The clinical features and skin tests suggested that the episode was an anaphylactoid reaction to maltose. Maltose is one of the dissacharides (MW: 342) produced from starch and glycogen. Maltose solutions are used frequently in Japan as a carbohydrate source. Further study is required to confirm whether maltose has an immunological antigen-eliciting activity.

Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Adult; Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antigens; Dibucaine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Ephedrine; Flushing; Glucocorticoids; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Maltose; Methylprednisolone; Rehydration Solutions; Shock; Skin Tests; Sodium Acetate