sodium-acetate--anhydrous and Chronic-Disease

Short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber have been shown to suppress autoimmunity through mechanisms that include enhanced regulation by T regulatory cells (Tregs).. Using a murine kidney transplantation model, we examined the effects on alloimmunity of a high-fiber diet or supplementation with the short-chain fatty acid acetate. Kidney transplants were performed from BALB/c(H2. Wild-type mice fed normal chow exhibited dysbiosis after receiving a kidney allograft but not an isograft, despite the avoidance of antibiotics and immunosuppression for the latter. A high-fiber diet prevented dysbiosis in allograft recipients, who demonstrated prolonged survival and reduced evidence of rejection compared with mice fed normal chow. Allograft mice receiving supplemental sodium acetate exhibited similar protection from rejection, and subsequently demonstrated donor-specific tolerance. Depletion of CD25. Manipulation of the microbiome by a high-fiber diet or supplementation with sodium acetate modified alloimmunity in a kidney transplant model, generating tolerance dependent on Tregs and GPR43. Diet-based therapy to induce changes in the gut microbiome can alter systemic alloimmunity in mice, in part through the production of short-chain fatty acids leading to Treg cell development, and merits study as a potential clinical strategy to facilitate transplant acceptance.

Topics: Acute Disease; Allografts; Animals; Butyric Acid; Chronic Disease; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Dysbiosis; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Immune Tolerance; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sodium Acetate; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

A new maintenance fluid containing sodium acetate as the base component and electrolytes (Veen 3G, test preparation) for a maximum of 24 h was infused to 15 patients hospitalized for renal biopsies and requiring intravenous supplements of water, electrolytes and energy because oral or enteric ingestion was inadequate or impossible. A physical examination, blood chemistry tests and urinalysis were performed, and the global improvement rating was obtained by scoring the effects on a) maintenance of cardiovascular hemodynamics (systolic blood pressure), b) blood glucose control (blood glucose level), c) utilization of sugar (free fatty acids, total ketone bodies), d) maintenance of serum electrolytes, e) amount of sugar excreted in the urine and f) maintenance of urinary volume. The results were excellent or good in all of the 15 patients analyzed. The test agent was not the direct cause of any adverse events or abnormal changes in laboratory findings, and no safety-related problems were observed in any of the patients. These results indicated that the test preparation used in this study is a clinically useful and highly safe fluid agent.

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Electrolytes; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glycosuria; Humans; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmaceutic Aids; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Sodium Acetate