sodium-acetate--anhydrous and Adenocarcinoma

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium acetate on the viability of the human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) epithelial cell line. AGS cells were exposed to a range of concentrations of sodium acetate for different periods of time, and the sodium acetate-induced cytotoxic effects, including cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic gene expression, and caspase activity, were assessed. The changes in these phenotypes were quantified by performing a lactate dehydrogenase cell viability assay, annexin V staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and several caspase activity assays. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of sodium acetate on the AGS cell line were dose- and time-dependent manners. No differences were found between the negative control and sodium acetate-treated cells stained with annexin V and subjected to the TUNEL assay. However, caspase-3 activity was increased in AGS cells exposed to sodium acetate. Overall, it was concluded that sodium acetate exerted an apoptotic effect in AGS cells via a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; DNA Fragmentation; Epithelial Cells; Histones; Humans; Sodium Acetate; Stomach Neoplasms

We have studied the effect of sodium acetate exposure on the viability and proliferative activity of cultured human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial (AGS) cells and changes in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta in cell culture supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and cytokine mRNA levels were measured in whole cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We also measured cytokine levels in mice using immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies demonstrated that incubation with sodium acetate (up to 12.5 mM) for 72 h stimulated AGS cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; however, incubation with >12.5 mM sodium acetate inhibited cell growth, also in a dose-dependent manner (the largest decrease in viability was >50%). Incubation with sodium acetate for 24 h increased the levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha protein and mRNAs (IL-6 was detected but its mRNA was not). The effect of sodium acetate on the expression of these cytokines in cell culture was verified in mice. Our data suggest that ingestion of high concentrations of sodium acetate in food has cytotoxic effects.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Acetate; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha