silicon and Urinary-Bladder-Neoplasms

Using fluorescent sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules is a very important strategy in clinical diagnoses as well as biomedical applications. But fluorescent sensors usually suffer from high background signal, which greatly hinders their detection sensitivity. In this work, a novel background-eliminated fluorescence assay for sensitive and selective detection of biomolecule has been developed by coupling feroxyhyte nanosheets (δ-FeOOH) with amino-functionalized silicon quantum dot (Si QDs). We select hyaluronidase (HAase) as the modal target to verify the concept. Si QDs/HA-δ-FeOOH nanoassembly was fabricated by self-assembly of positive Si QDs together with negative HA-δ-FeOOH through electrostatic adsorption. By the introduction of hyaluronidase, the nanoassembly exhibits obviously fluorescence signal recovered. Research suggests that under optimized conditions, this strategy exhibits a good linear response to the concentration of HAase in the range of 0.1 to 12 ng/mL. The detection limit for HAase was 0.02 ng/mL (based on 3σ/S), which was three-order lower than most of the reported fluorescence biosensors for the detection of HAase. Furthermore, this new biosensor has already been applied in the study of urine samples, and the detection results were consistent with those obtained by the clinical tests.

Topics: Amination; Biosensing Techniques; Enzyme Assays; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Limit of Detection; Male; Quantum Dots; Silicon; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

This paper introduces an integrated microfluidic chip as a promising tool to measure the concentration of bladder cancer cells (BCC) in urine samples. Silicon microchannels were used as trapping gates for both floated BCC and leukocytes which are found in the urine of patients. By the assistance of the gold electrodes patterned at the bottom of the micro gates, the capacitance of captured cancerous and blood cells were measured. Different membrane capacitance between BCC and leukocyte was the indicative signal for diagnosing the nature of captured cells in a urine like solution. The concentration range of the target that could be detected was about 10 BCCs per one chip. Such response has been achieved without applying any biochemical or florescent markers. Thus, it could be a simple and cheap approach to support cytological and immune-fluorescent assays. The limit of detection was approximately 1 cancerous cell/11 leukocytes in 1ml of the urine like solution. The entire measurement time was less than an hour. Consequently, this electrical microfluidic device promises significant potential in urinalysis.

Topics: Blood Cells; Humans; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Leukocytes; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Silicon; Urinalysis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

In this study, we describe the urinary quantification of apolipoprotein A II protein (APOA2 protein), a biomarker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer, using an n-type polycrystalline silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (poly-SiNW-FET). The modification of poly-SiNW-FET by magnetic graphene with long-chain acid groups (MGLA) synthesized via Friedel-Crafts acylation was compared with that obtained using short-chain acid groups (MGSA). Compared with MGSA, the MGLA showed a higher immobilization degree and bioactivity to the anti-APOA2 antibody (Ab) due to its lower steric hindrance. In addition, the magnetic properties enabled rapid separation and purification during Ab immobilization, ultimately preserving its bioactivity. The Ab-MGLA/poly-SiNW-FET exhibited a linear dependence of relative response to the logarithmical concentration in a range between 19.5pgmL(-1) and 1.95µgmL(-1), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.7pgmL(-1). An additional washing step before measurement aimed at excluding the interfering biocomponents ensured the reliability of the assay. We conclude that our biosensor efficiently distinguishes mean values of urinary APOA2 protein concentrations between patients with bladder cancer (29-344ngmL(-1)) and those with hernia (0.425-9.47ngmL(-1)).

Topics: Apolipoprotein A-II; Biosensing Techniques; Graphite; Humans; Nanowires; Silicon; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The protein structure of human tumor tissue has a significant influence on the molecular attributes. It was demonstrated that the individual prognosis of tumor patients is among other things dependent on molecular tumor tissue characteristics.A promising marker is E-cadherin, an adhesion glycoprotein which plays a central role in the mediation of cell-cell contacts. Aberrant E-cadherin expressions were described in several tumors such as in bladder cancer. This was also found to be correlated with tumor invasion and survival. There are hardly any fast, quantitative and easily automated protein assays in everyday practice which can analyze several markers at the same time. With silicon chip technology we have a new detection and measurement method which makes it possible to give a quantitative analysis of numerous different proteins in tissue, urine, or serum in a few minutes.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadherins; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Equipment Design; Humans; Protein Array Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms