silicon and Skin-Neoplasms

In present society, the technology in various field has been sharply developed and advanced. In medical technology, especially, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy have had limelight for curing cancers and diseases. The study investigates the photothermal therapy that reduces side effects of existing cancer treatment, is applied to only cancer cells, and dose not harm any other normal cells. The photothermal properties of porous silicon for therapy are analyzed in order to destroy cancer cells that are more weak at heat than normal ones. For improving performance of porous silicon, it also analyzes the properties when irradiating the near infrared by heterologously junction TiO2 and TiO2NW, photocatalysts that are very stable and harmless to the environment and the human body, to porous silicon. Each sample of Si, PSi, TiO2/Psi, and TiO2NW/PSi was irradiated with 808 nm near-IR of 300, 500, and 700 mW/cm2 light intensity, where the maximum heating temperature was 43.8, 61.6, 67.9, and 61.9 degrees C at 300 mW/cm2; 54.1, 64.3, 78.8, and 68.9 degrees C at 500 mW/cm2; and 97.3, 102.8, 102.5, and 95 0C at 700 mW/cm2. The time required to reach the maximum temperature was less than 10 min for every case. The results indicate that TiO2/PSi thin film irradiated with a single near-infrared wavelength of 808 nm, which is known to have the best human permeability, offers the potential of being the most successful photothermal cancer therapy agent. It maximizes the photo-thermal characteristics within the shortest time, and minimizes the adverse effects on the human body.

Topics: Humans; Infrared Rays; Phototherapy; Porosity; Silicon; Skin Neoplasms; Titanium

More than 2 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States, which makes it the most common form of cancer in that country. Early detection of cancer usually results in less extensive treatment and better outcome for the patient. Millimeter wave silicon micromachined waveguide probe is foreseen as an aid for skin diagnosis, which is currently based on visual inspection followed by biopsy, in cases where the macroscopical picture raises suspicion of malignancy.. Demonstration of the discrimination potential of tissues of different water content using a novel micromachined silicon waveguide probe. Secondarily, the silicon probe miniaturization till an inspection area of 600 × 200 μm2, representing a drastic reduction by 96.3% of the probing area, in comparison with a conventional WR-10 waveguide. The high planar resolution is required for histology and early-state skin-cancer detection.. To evaluate the probe three phantoms with different water contents, i.e. 50%, 75% and 95%, mimicking dielectric properties of human skin were characterized in the frequency range of 95-105 GHz. The complex permittivity values of the skin are obtained from the variation in frequency and amplitude of the reflection coefficient (S11), measured with a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), by comparison with finite elements simulations of the measurement set-up, using the commercially available software, HFSS. The expected frequency variation is calculated with HFSS and is based on extrapolated complex permittivities, using one relaxation Debye model from permittivity measurements obtained using the Agilent probe.. Millimeter wave reflection measurements were performed using the probe in the frequency range of 95-105 GHz with three phantoms materials and air. Intermediate measurement results are in good agreement with HFSS simulations, based on the extrapolated complex permittivity. The resonance frequency lowers, from the idle situation when it is probing air, respectively by 0.7, 1.2 and 4.26 GHz when a phantom material of 50%, 75% and 95% water content is measured.. The results of the measurements in our laboratory set-up with three different phantoms indicate that the probe may be able to discriminate between normal and pathological skin tissue, improving the spatial resolution in histology and on skin measurements, due to the highly reduced area of probing.. The probe has the potential to discriminate between normal and pathological skin tissue. Further, improved information, compared to the optical histological inspection can be obtained, i.e. the complex permittivity characterization is obtained with a high resolution, due to the highly reduced measurement area of the probe tip.

Topics: Body Water; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Humans; Miniaturization; Photometry; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrum Analysis; Water

This paper reports on a novel super-wideband micro-hemispherical antenna with application in millimeter-wave medical imaging. The antenna is composed of a hemispherical shell suspended above a substrate and can be fabricated using a fabrication technology originally developed for micron-scale electromechanical resonators. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional bandwidth of more than 80% (from 64 GHz to 150 GHz) and a high gain of 8.6 dBi at its center frequency. Radiation parameters of the antenna are characterized and the effect of its super-wideband behavior on pulsed millimeter-wave imaging is demonstrated. Finally, a preliminary array configuration composed of two antennas placed side-by-side in the vicinity of a skin-mimicking target is evaluated and the ability to fully detect the target has been demonstrated.

Topics: Algorithms; Diagnostic Imaging; Equipment Design; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Mass Screening; Microwaves; Normal Distribution; Silicon; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

The dermal oncogenic potential of beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (EEMS), gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMS), beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane (EEES), and gamma-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (GPES) was assessed by applying 25-microliters aliquots of acetone solutions to the skin of 40 male C3H/HeJ mice. The concentrations applied were 100, 25, 10, and 10% by volume for EEMS, GPMS, EEES, and GPES, respectively. Applications were made thrice weekly until the death of the animals. A negative control group received acetone (solvent) only. No treatment-related skin tumors were observed, nor was there evidence of increased incidence of any internal tumor in the groups that received GPMS, EEES, or GPES. In the group treated with EEMS, four mice were observed with squamous cell carcinomas of the treated skin and two mice had subcutaneous sarcomas outside of the treated area. No skin tumors were observed in the group treated with acetone, but two mice had subcutaneous sarcomas outside of the treated area. The mean survival times were 529, 482, 545, 492, and 502 days for the EEMS, GPMS, EEES, GPES, and acetone control groups, respectively. In no case was the mortality rate significantly different from that of the controls. The results indicate that only EEMS was oncogenic under the conditions of these studies.

Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Silanes; Silicon; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Trimethylsilyl Compounds

Topics: Facial Neoplasms; Humans; Medical Illustration; Methods; Models, Anatomic; Radiotherapy Dosage; Silicon; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Explosions; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Purpura; Silicon; Silicosis; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinogens; Face; Granuloma; Haplorhini; Humans; Injections; Pathology; Plastics; Research; Silicon; Silicon Compounds; Skin Neoplasms; Surgery, Plastic; Toxicology

Topics: Disease; Face; Granuloma; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Humans; Medical Records; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Granuloma; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Humans; Silicon; Skin Neoplasms