silicon and Postoperative-Complications

Breast prosthesis implants have been safely and efficiently used in the plastic surgery department. With the increasing demand for aesthetics, these silicon implants were not only used in breast augmentation surgery but also in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Nevertheless, breast prosthesis implantation brings a lot of complications, such as: postoperative chronic pain, capsule contracture, prosthesis displacement and prosthesis rupture and infection in severe cases. From the year 1998, botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), a neurotoxin, has been reported to be effective for pain control, capsule contracture lessening, expander enlargement and so on. However, those articles included all kinds of study types: randomized, double-blinded controlled trial (RCT), nonrandomized trial, retrospective analysis and case series, besides the outcomes were varied. To clarify how BTX-A acts at the mammaplasty field, we made this systematic review and meta-analysis.. To review how BTX-A acts in the field of mammaplasty as well as discuss the relative mechanisms of BTX-A and the related research progress.. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of science, Clinical trials, Wanfang Database and VIP from inception until March 2018 for papers reporting the use of BTX-A in the breast surgery using implants deep within the pectoralis major muscle. System review, viewpoints and case reports were excluded.. Ten articles met the criteria for inclusion including six prospective controlled (2 RCT; 4 other trails), three retrospective cohorts and one case series. These studies were all about patients using BTX-A during or after breast surgery with expanders or prostheses. A total of 682 patients were enrolled, 543 (79.61%) accepted BTX-A injection, 185 underwent mastectomies with immediate reconstruction, 13 with delayed reconstruction, 295 mastectomies with either immediate or delayed reconstruction and 189 with breast augmentation using silicone prostheses. The study time ranging from 4 months to 13 years, 15 patients (2.76%) received BTX-A injection more than two times, 9.2% received less than 75 U BTX-A, 34.3% 75-100 U, 0.18% 250 U, and in 56.4% the dosage was not stated. No complications associated with BTX-A were mentioned, almost all the studies reported efficacy for pain control. Other assessments included increased speed of expander enlargement and volume were mentioned in four papers, two articles analyzed the visual analogue scores, three suggested relief of capsular contracture, two reported lower narcotic use, three mentioned shorter hospital stays and one proved lowering the rate of unplanned expander. It seems all the studies demonstrate the valid usage of BTX-A, but the quality of this evidence still under the line.. We could try to use BTX-A as a new method in the field of mammaplasty. There are so many advantages such as postoperative pain relief, reducing the hospital stay, and increasing operation success rate, but rigorous methodological evidence is still lacking. A lot of studies were retrospective, only two studies used the RCT method. Therefore, to obtain strong evidence to clarify the usage of BTX-A, more randomized double-blinded controlled trials will be required, meanwhile the mechanism study adds to the evidence.. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Topics: Adult; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Esthetics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Implant Capsular Contracture; Intraoperative Care; Mammaplasty; Middle Aged; Pectoralis Muscles; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Silicon; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

To choose the best arterial tourniquet for angioaccess surgery.. Preventive hemostasis with an arterial tourniquet prevents bleeding and provides better visualization. The surgeon may currently use a traditional wide nonsterile inflatable pneumatic cuff after exsanguination with an Esmarch bandage or a disposable sterile narrow elastic silicone ring (HemaClear®), available in different sizes according to the patient's limb circumference and blood pressure.. The latter is easily rolled up the upper limb after surgical draping, to achieve exsanguination and occlusion of the proximal brachial artery, thus providing a wide sterile field that is most useful for upper arm vein superficialization or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) revision. Although rare, neurological complications must be prevented by limiting the compressive force applied to the tissues to occlude the arteries and the veins. Such tissues are almost non-compressible but deformable; thus, they may be elongated and damaged, mostly at both extremities of the tourniquet, especially the nerves. The compressive force (kg) applied to the limb by the cuff is the product of the cuff pressure (mm Hg) imposed and the surface (cm²) of the skin in contact with the cuff. Reduction of the cuff surface results in reduction of the volume of tissue beneath the cuff and therefore in limitation of the compressive force.. From a theoretical point of view and from clinical data, it seems therefore reasonable to recommend the use of a narrower cuff size and, for practical reasons, the silicon ring.

Topics: Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Blood Loss, Surgical; Disposable Equipment; Elasticity; Equipment Design; Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pressure; Renal Dialysis; Reoperation; Silicon; Tourniquets; Treatment Outcome; Upper Extremity

Asian rhinoplasty is an expanding topic in the field of rhinoplasty. Although the main principles of various rhinoplasty techniques apply equally to the Asian nose, Asian rhinoplasty is unique owing to its different anatomy and ethnicity. In recent years there have been some noteworthy developments in Asian rhinoplasty. Traditional techniques using alloplastic implants with endonasal approach are changing due to the advent of new beauty concept, introduction of new techniques, and development of newly improved materials. In this review, we will highlight some of the recent advances of Asian rhinoplasty with emphasis on dorsal augmentation, advances in implant material and tip surgery using autologous cartilage. Finally with increase of revision cases, issues relevant to revision rhinoplasty in Asians will be addressed.

Topics: Asian People; Cartilage; Endoscopy; Esthetics; Humans; Nasal Septum; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Reoperation; Rhinoplasty; Silicon; Surgical Wound Infection; Tissue and Organ Harvesting

Indications for intercarpal and radiocarpal resectionarthroplasty and fusions are osteoarthritis, KIEHNBOCK'S disease, rheumatoid arthritis and several posttraumatic disorders of the wrist joint. The resection of carpal bones leads to severe instability patterns of the wrist. In conclusion we recommend resection-arthroplasty just for treatment of the thumb carpo-metacarpal osteoarthritis. Implant resection arthroplasty of the lunate and scaphoid or total wrist implants are still causing multiple problems regarding heavy load. Therefore this implants should be confined to rheumatoid patients. Of the limited carpal arthrodeses the scaphotrapezium-trapezoid arthrodeses is the most frequent performed procedure. It can be indicated for STT-osteoarthritis, KIEHNBOCK's disease, scapho-lunate instability and scaphoid pseudarthrosis if other surgical procedures had failed presuming there are no signs of arthrosis in the radiocarpal joint. Persisting pain especially in heavy work is quite frequent after limited arthrodesis but can be greatly relieved by simultaneous wrist denervation. In advanced cases of osteoarthritis total wrist arthrodesis is still the best choice for the patient.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Implantation; Pseudarthrosis; Radiography; Silicon; Wrist Injuries

To compare the results of two different frontalis sling surgery techniques with silicon rod for ptosis: Fox's single pentagon technique and a modification of Crawford's double triangle technique.. In a randomized clinical trial, 52 eyes of 50 patients with severe ptosis and poor levator function (≤4 mm) were randomly assigned to the Fox group or the modified Crawford group. Cosmetic outcome, functional success, and lagophthalmos were compared.. The patients achieved a fair to good cosmetic outcome by subjective grading and a fair outcome by objective grading in both groups. The intergroup difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, patients with preoperative lateral droop had better cosmetic outcome in the modified Crawford group. Mean increase in marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD-1) was 4.0 ± 1.7 mm in the Fox group and 3.7 ± 1.1 mm in the modified Crawford group. Change in MRD-1 within groups was significant (P < 0.0001); however, the difference in the groups was not (P = 0.44). The mean lagophthalmos in the Fox group was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm versus 0.6 ± 0.7 mm in the modified Crawford group at final follow-up. This intergroup difference in lagophthalmos was statistically significant (P = 0.001).. Both techniques were effective in reducing the amount of blepharoptosis and achieving a natural appearing cosmetic outcome. In cases with predominant lateral droop, the modified Crawford's technique seems to produce better results, although the small number of cases does not permit statistical comparison.

Topics: Adolescent; Blepharoplasty; Blepharoptosis; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Male; Oculomotor Muscles; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Implantation; Retrospective Studies; Silicon; Suture Techniques

To conduct a new exploration and analysis of the ion and fatty acid levels of a medium in which calcified hydrophilic intraocular lenses (IOLs) are present.. Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.. Retrospective, laboratory observational case series.. 11 patients (11 eyes) who had implantation of foldable hydrophilic acrylic posterior IOLs were found to have opacification of the IOLs. In vivo and in vitro analyses included the evaluation of patients' clinical characteristics, microscopy, histological staining, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the ion level of the aqueous humor (AH) and preserving fluid (PF), and the fatty acid content of AH.. 10 of 11 cases were female with unilateral opacification, and 7 cases had both-eye cataract surgery, including 1 first eye and 6 second eyes with IOL opacification. 4 types of similar serial numbers were counted. The analysis of AH showed that the concentrations of phosphorus and silicon were elevated but that of calcium decreased, and an increased level of silicon was detected in 3 random PFs. The palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) fatty acids were higher than the others in the AH. The EDS confirmed that the IOL surface deposits were composed of calcium, phosphate, and a small amount of silicon.. More silicon and higher C16:0 and C18:0 were found in the AH of patients with IOL opacification. New ideas and avenues have been proposed in the study of IOL opacification.

Topics: Calcinosis; Calcium; Female; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Lenses, Intraocular; Male; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Silicon

Topics: Aluminum; Anterior Eye Segment; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Lenses, Intraocular; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Complications; Silicon

A male rhesus macaque with a cephalic chamber implant for neurophysiology recording presented with hemiparesis affecting the left thoracic and pelvic limbs at approximately 5 wk after craniotomy surgery. MRI indicated a 1×2-cm ovoid cerebrocortical cystic lesion immediately subjacent to the right hemisphere craniotomy and recording chamber. Transdural aspiration of sterile transudate and resultant decompression resolved the hemiparesis, and follow-up MRI at 1 mo indicated resolution of the lesion. Subsequently, necropsy at study end revealed a cerebrocortical foreign body composed of silicon. The atypically slow cure rate of the lot of silicon used and the unique recording chamber configuration were underlying factors that contributed to the formation of this foreign body. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of iatrogenic intracerebral foreign body in a macaque.

Topics: Animals; Cerebrum; Craniotomy; Foreign Bodies; Macaca mulatta; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Silicon

This study aims at comparing two different types of drainage tubes in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, which are used for upper lacrimal system obstruction or damage, with respect to their respective postoperative problems and solutions.. Nineteen eyes of 17 patients who underwent conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) or conjunctivorhinostomy (CR) surgery with a Medpor coated tear drainage tube or silicon tube placement between October, 2010, and February, 2014, were included in this retrospective comparative study.. In the initial surgery, Medpor coated tear drainage tubes were used in 11 eyes by CDCR, whereas silicon tear drainage tubes were implanted into 2 eyes by CR and 6 eyes by CDCR. In group 1, proximal and distal obstructions developed postoperatively in 4 eyes, while 1 eye showed tube malposition and 3 eyes developed luminal obstruction by debris 3 times. In group 2, tube extrusion developed in 4 eyes, whereas tube malposition developed in 6 eyes and luminal obstruction by debris developed in 6 eyes at different times, for a total of 20 times.. In our study, the most significant complication we observed in the use of silicon tear drainage tubes was tube extrusion,whereas the leading complication related to the use of Medpor coated tear drainage tubes was tube obstruction.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biocompatible Materials; Conjunctiva; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Drainage; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Male; Middle Aged; Polyethylenes; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Silicon; Tears

Topics: Aged; Catheterization; Endoscopy; Equipment Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Skull Base; Skull Base Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome

Surgery for medically intractable epilepsy secondary to unihemispheric pathology has evolved from more aggressive hemispherectomy to less aggressive variations of hemispherotomy. The authors propose a novel minimally invasive endoscopic hemispherotomy that should give results comparable to conventional open craniotomy and microsurgery.. Endoscopic transventricular hemispherotomy was performed in 5 silicon-injected cadaveric heads in the authors' minimally invasive neurosurgery laboratory. The lateral ventricle was accessed endoscopically through a frontal and occipital bur hole. White matter disconnections were performed to unroof the temporal horn and to disconnect the frontobasal region, corpus callosum, and fornix.. Using an endoscopic transventricular approach, all white matter disconnections were successfully performed in all 5 cadavers.. The authors have demonstrated the feasibility of endoscopic transventricular hemispherotomy in a cadaveric model. The technique is simple and could be useful in a subgroup of patients with parenchymal volume loss and ventriculomegaly.

Topics: Cadaver; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Veins; Corpus Callosum; Endoscopy; Epilepsy; Feasibility Studies; Hemispherectomy; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Pia Mater; Postoperative Complications; Silicon

Total laryngectomy or laryngopharyngectomy are commonly performed for the treatment of laryngeal cancer or hypopharyngeal cancer. However pharyngocutaneous fistula and cervical esophageal stenosis have been reported as postoperative complications of these procedures. We used a silicon pharyngeal tube in cases that developed pharyngocutaneous fistula and cervical esophageal stenosis. The pharyngeal tube was useful for controlling aspiration pneumonia and for starting oral feeding in a case of pharyngocutaneous fistula after a total laryngectomy. It was also helpful for starting oral feeding in a case with cervical esophageal stenosis after total laryngopharyngectomy and free jejunum interposition. This patient was able to maintain a good quality of life until re-operation. Adverse effects from the insertion of the tube included a foreign body sensation and pharyngeal pain that was tolerable with the use of NSAIDs for a short time. Silicon pharyngeal tubes are useful for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistula and cervical esophageal stenosis.

Topics: Aged; Cutaneous Fistula; Digestive System Fistula; Esophageal Stenosis; Glottis; Humans; Intubation; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharyngectomy; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Silicon

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is a safe and effective treatment method for morbid obesity. Injection port dislocation, tube perforation and access port infection are generally classified among the minor complications, although they can require a reoperation at the port-site or even at the level of the band which may have to be removed. We designed a technique to fix the port, that can avoid unnecessary complications.. The port is sutured onto a polyprophlene mesh, which is then cut into shape and attached to the rectus fascia in the left hypochondrium with a Tacker stapling device. From February 2000 to January 2001, 25 patients (BMI 35-60) were operated using this technique.. No injection port dislocation, tube perforation or access port infection has been found in these patients.. With the larger surface area by which the port is attached to the fascia, a stable position of the port is obtained and dislocation avoided. Multiple failed attempts at port access, with resulting risk of infection, are avoided. Due to port stability, risk of incidental tube perforation is reduced. Moreover, a considerable gain of time is obtained compared with the classical suturing of the port.

Topics: Bandages; Body Mass Index; Catheters, Indwelling; Equipment Failure; Humans; Laparoscopy; Obesity, Morbid; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Stomach; Surgical Stapling; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Bile Duct Diseases; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Rubber; Silicon

Six patients, ranging from 69 to 81 years of age, underwent iliac artery embolization with use of Detachable Silicon Balloons (DSB) 11-14 days before stent-graft repair of aneurysms. Balloons of 8.8-mm, 9.4-mm, and 9.9-mm sizes were used with 20-30 g of release force. Deployment difficulty was experienced in three cases. Five of six cases were successful, with the iliac artery remaining occluded at the time of endografting; one case required subsequent coil replacement. The average operative time for balloon embolization (75 min +/- 28) was shorter than that in 18 cases of coil embolization performed within the same time period (111 min +/- 105), but the difference was not significant (P = .21). Postoperatively, one patient (17%) reported buttock claudication after the procedure. Use of the DSB represents an alternative to use of coils for embolization of large and tortuous iliac arteries.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aneurysm; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Balloon Occlusion; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Humans; Iliac Artery; Male; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Stents

Treating injuries of the lacrimal system with a silicon intubation is an approved method to prevent post-traumatic epiphora.. Between 1990 and 1999, operations were carried out on 44 patients with injuries of the canaliculi with silicon ring intubations. Interesting for us were the age distribution, causes of injuries, localisation and mid- to long-term postoperative complications.. The age of the patients was between 1.75 and 74 years, 48% of the injuries were caused by household accidents, 23% by violence, 20% by traffic accidents and 9% by job-related accidents. The canaliculus inferior was injured in 68% of all patients. We found 10 postoperative complications, e.g. ectropia, a too long silicon ring or granuloma. We found a positive anatomical readapted lacrimal system in 88% and 12% of our patients complained of distinct to severe epiphora.. The treatment of lacrimal laceration with a silicon intubation is an excellent method but special care should be taken with correct positioning of the lid margin.

Topics: Accidents, Home; Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Infant; Intubation; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nasolacrimal Duct; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Violence

The aim of this investigation was to ascertain the frequency of secondary cataract after implantation of PMMA or Silicone IOLs.. In our series of patients we implanted 900 PMMA IOLs in a period of 4 years. In the following 3 years we implanted 1600 silicone IOLs. After the operation, a Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was indicated there was a reduction in visual acuity and the patient asked for improvement. With the help of computer documentation we had the possibility to follow up a period of 6 years after PMMA and 3 years after silicone IOL implantation.. (1) PMMA IOL: After implantation of PMMA IOLs we found a frequency of 22% capsulotomies during the investigation period of 6 years; 4.9% of them occurred during the 1st year and 8% during the 2nd year. (2) Silicone IOL: During the control period of 3 years we found a capsulotomy rate of 9.9%. Most happened in the 1st year.. Our 22.9% capsulotomy rate after PMMA IOL implantation is lower than the rate mentioned in the literature. We noticed a peak of capsulotomies in the 2nd year after the operation. During a control period of only 3 years after implantation of silicone IOLs we found a capsulotomy rate of 9.9%.

Topics: Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Laser Therapy; Lenses, Intraocular; Male; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Reoperation; Silicon

This study presents the design and characterization of an insulating probe made of silicone that could be used for enhancing the safety and efficacy of prostate cryosurgery. The probe would be placed in Denonvilliers' fascia between the prostate and the rectum prior to freezing. During freezing, the iceball would be monitored by ultrasound through the silicone, and direct temperature monitoring of the rectal and prostatic tissue via thermocouples mounted on opposing sides of the device. Both theoretical and experimental studies were performed to verify the insulating and acoustic properties of the probe. The insulating effect of the silicone will enhance cell death within the prostate while minimizing tissue freezing injury and therefore fistula formation postfreeze in the rectum. Experiments were also performed with the insulator placed in gelatine which showed that the silicone material is transparent to ultrasound. In addition the silicone was itself visible under ultrasound imaging, a characteristic which may assist in the delivery of the device to the surgical site. One possible scenario for reconfiguration and delivery of the device is suggested prior to a cryosurgery. The success of this device in insulating and monitoring temperature during freezing suggests that it can also be useful in protecting sensitive tissues adjacent to a surgical site when extreme heat is applied (i.e., electron or hyperthermic surgery).

Topics: Cryosurgery; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostate; Rectal Diseases; Rectum; Silicon

Implantation of intraocular lenses through a small opening is possible with phacoemulsification and foldable silicon lenses. There is little traumatic effect, which is positive for the healing process and the postoperative results of visual acuity and refraction. Because of alteration of the optic media, deteriorated sensation is possible. We investigated 28 patients with foldable silicon lenses after phacoemulsification. Pre- and postoperatively (1 day, 1 week, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months) visual acuity and astigmatism were measured. As the testing of color vision is a sensitive method for the detection of disturbance in sensation because of altered optic media this was performed 24 months postoperatively using the pseudoisochromatic plates of Ishihara and Ichikawa and the color arrangement tests, Farnsworth Panel D-15 desaturated and the Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test. The results of this study confirm quicker rehabilitation of visual function and a lower rate of operatively induced astigmatism. A slight blue color vision deficiency results as consequence to altered optic media, but there is no effect on daily life.

Topics: Aged; Astigmatism; Color Perception; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lenses, Intraocular; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Refraction, Ocular; Retina; Silicon; Visual Acuity

Uncomplicated dacryocystorhinostomy after dacryocystitis with lacrimal sac obstruction has a success rate of 85%. However therapy of restenosis poses a problem. Vast destruction of lacrimal and nasal mucosa renders the drainage system susceptible for further stenosis. This article presents a new surgical procedure for the treatment of restenosis of the nasolacrimal apparatus. The major difference from other techniques is the endonasal implantation of a silicon foil. This counters the development of synechiae and promotes the epitheliasation of wound surfaces. As a result the nasal mucosa can easier gain access to lacrimal mucosa. A complete mucosal coating of the reconstructed lacrimal drainage system is an important condition for the sufficient drainage of the tear-film.. In 30 patients with restenosis after one or multiple dacryocystorhinostomies a silicon foil was implanted endonasally as part of their surgical revision. After skin incision and removal of scar tissue the bony ostium was enlarged. The canaliculi were intubated with silastic tubing. Afterwards the endonasal synechiae were split and a 0.2-0.4 mm silicon foil was implanted endonasally und fixed. The silastic tubing was brought through a hole in the silicon foil and knotted inside the nose. Then the wound was closed. Postoperative evaluation of the surgical success ranged from 3 to 36 months (mean 16 months).. The postoperative result was good in 24 patients. Sixteen patients were without symptoms. 8 had epiphora only on stress. The latter felt their situation to be greatly improved. The long-term results were directly proportional to the amount of reconstructable mucosa and inversely proportional to the severity of canaliculus damage. Adverse reaction to the silicon foil were not noted.. Endonasal implantation of a silicon foil is a new, easy and successful technique for the treatment of endonasal synechiae and restenosis of the nasolacrimal apparatus.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Recurrence; Reoperation; Silicon; Wound Healing

An experimental study was designed to test the efficacy of a silicon barrier around a nerve root in order to prevent post operative epidural root scar adhesions. In 32 Sprague-Dawley rats a lumbar nerve root was microsurgically exposed bilaterally. In 16 animals a silicon tube, prepared with a longitudinal cut along half of its wall, was placed around one nerve root, while the contralateral side served as control. In another group of 12 animals, an autologous subcutaneous fat graft was placed on the exposed root. A group of 4 animals served as the control group which had not been operated upon. No post operative neurological deficit was observed in any of the animals. All animals were sacrificed 60 days after the operation and a block of tissue including the nerve roots were resected bilaterally without removal of the silicon or fat graft. Longitudinal and transverse cuts of the roots were stained with Haematoxilin and Eosin and with Masson's trichrome collagen stain. The roots in the "unoperated" control group were clean of any scar tissue. In 13 out of 16 animals, silicon prevented scar formation around the root as opposed to scar adhesions around control root on the contralateral side and as compared to unoperated roots. In the silicon group, adhesions penetrated only through the longitudinal narrow cut edge of the tube. Fat did not prevent adhesions in 11 out of 12 animals. We conclude that a silicon barrier is an effective method preventing post operative epidural root scarring in rats.

Topics: Animals; Collagen; Epidural Space; Laminectomy; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silicon; Spinal Nerve Roots; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing

The interposition of various materials to complete suturectomy for the treatment of craniosynostosis has been used by many surgeons to prevent early postoperative reunion. Convincing scientific proof of the value of this procedure is still required, however. In this study a previously described model of experimental craniosynostosis was employed to examine the effects of an interposed silicon membrane in preventing skull deformity. Eighteen newborn rabbits had their right coronal sutures resected and the skulls were examined for shape and histology up to 6 months of age. The interposing of a silicon membrane was found to prevent formation of skull deformity during growth.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Craniosynostoses; Follow-Up Studies; Membranes, Artificial; Postoperative Complications; Rabbits; Silicon; Skull; Suture Techniques

The most common complications after augmentation mammoplasty with homologous fat implants could be demonstrated in one patient. We show our subsequent surgical procedure and the experiences of other authors to achieve an immediately acceptable cosmetic result.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Breast; Fat Necrosis; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Reoperation; Silicon; Surgery, Plastic

Complications of the retinal detachment surgery with the use of episcleral and intrascleral implants are presented. The authors are using biological materials (fascia lata, dura mater) as well as alloplastic materials (Lincoff's sponge). Among the postoperative complications following were seen: protracted reactions from the side of the ocular adnexa, intraocular haemorrhages, intravitreal exudates. The most severe from the observed complications was the atrophy of the sclera at the spot of implantation of the silicon sponge.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Child; Dura Mater; Fascia Lata; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Retinal Detachment; Sclera; Silicon

Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Female; Male; Mannitol; Methods; Methylprednisolone; Postoperative Complications; Rabbits; Silicon

Topics: Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Vocal Cord Paralysis

In the examination of material involving two microvascular prostheses of different nature the need is discussed of randomising experimental series to achieve a self-critical control of operative dexterity in microsurgical techniques and to exclude eventual errors arising and influencing the results. A comparison was made of two polyurethane prostheses, one porous (n = 15), and the other covered internally with a smooth silicon layer (n = 15). They were implanted using microsurgical techniques into the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta in rats. The main criterion for successful implantation was a patency over a prolonged period of observation lasting a maximum of 407 days. The porous prosthesis showed the best results. Most frequent complications were early thrombosis and technical faults demonstrated by histology. Therefore, the distribution through prospective randomisation of good and bad results based on technical errors enhances the significance of material analysis.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Diseases; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Microsurgery; Polyurethanes; Postoperative Complications; Rats; Silicon; Thrombosis

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Arm; Chronic Disease; Drainage; Female; Humans; Lymphedema; Male; Mastectomy; Postoperative Complications; Silicon

Topics: Animals; Common Bile Duct; Dogs; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Silicon

Topics: Breast; Female; Gels; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Silicon; Surgery, Plastic

Fibrous tissue capsules, from around silicone breast implants, were examined by light microscopy, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the latter combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) were found in most of these fibrous capsules, and especially in those recently formed or manipulated. The element silicon was positively identified by X-ray analysis in half the tissue specimens. This material was found only around gel-filled implants. In the specimens studied, the clinical hardness of the breast was unrelated to the presence of silicon in the capsule.

Topics: Breast; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Silicon; Silicones; Surgery, Plastic; Triamcinolone

30 patients with blow-out fractures were referred to our clinic because of serious "eye troubles", most frequently diplopia and haematoma of the eye lids (Table 1). The signs of the characteristic oculomotor imbalance are described. In 10 out of 29 patients motility was normalised spontaneously within 2 weeks. 19 patients underwent surgery because one of the following criteria was fulfilled: 1. Diplopia and positive traction-test not resolving within 10 days. 2. Large hermiation into the antrum. We believe, that posttraumatic diplopia is not only a result of the incarceration, but also of a direct laesion of muscles and connective tissue. Surgery was done by orbital approach. After reposition of antral prolaps and the bony fragment we used Lyodura or, when nessessary, silicon implants. In all patients treated in this way ocular motility was improved, but normalisation was achieved only in 8 cases (Fig. 8).

Topics: Diplopia; Eye Injuries; Eye Movements; Freeze Drying; Humans; Methods; Orbit; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Skull Fractures; Surgery, Plastic; Transplantation; Wound Healing

In 1970-1974, tympamoplastics of type I-III were done in 95 patients with adhesive processes of the middle ear (epithelized tympanon, scarred adhesions of the chain, sclerosis of the tympanon etc.) following chronic inflammation or cholesteatoma. In order to avoid renewal of adhesions, to make possible the growth of mucosa and to obtain pneumatisation of the middle ear, 1 to 3 pieces of silicone foil were inserted to each patient into the middle ear. In 21 patients the silicone foil was removed. Technique of insertion and problems of removal of the foil as well as audiollogical postoperative results are demonstrated and discussed.

Topics: Audiometry; Cholesteatoma; Connective Tissue; Ear Diseases; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Silicon; Tissue Adhesions; Tympanoplasty

Topics: Cryosurgery; Electrocoagulation; Humans; Light Coagulation; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence; Retina; Retinal Detachment; Silicon; Suture Techniques

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngostenosis; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Surgical Instruments; Tracheal Stenosis; Tracheotomy

Topics: Air; Air Pollution; Bacteria; Calcium; Dust; Filtration; Heart; Intensive Care Units; Kidney; Metals; Oxides; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Transplantation Immunology; Viruses

Topics: Borates; Drainage; Humans; Mercury; Methods; Organometallic Compounds; Penicillins; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Regeneration; Silicon; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Suture Techniques; Sutures; Ureter; Ureteral Obstruction; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Cholesteatoma; Ear Canal; Ear Neoplasms; Ear Ossicles; Fistula; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Mastoid; Methods; Mucous Membrane; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Otitis Media; Postoperative Complications; Semicircular Canals; Silicon; Tympanoplasty

Topics: Autopsy; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Extracorporeal Circulation; Fibrin; Fibrinolysin; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin; Humans; Kidney; Lung; Methods; Plasminogen; Plastics; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Thrombosis; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Methods; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Silicon; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases

Topics: Animals; Chondroitin; Dogs; Drug Therapy; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Laparotomy; Postoperative Complications; Povidone; Rabbits; Research; Silicon; Tissue Adhesions

Topics: Biomedical Research; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Dogs; Embolism; Heart-Lung Machine; Heart, Artificial; Humans; Infant; Intracranial Embolism; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Kidney Diseases; Pathology; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Embolism; Research; Silicon; Silicones; Thoracic Surgery