silicon and Liver-Diseases

Timely detection of nonreversible liver diseases contributes greatly to reasonable therapy and quality of life. Given the current situation, minimally invasive high-specificity molecular diagnosis based on body fluid can be a good choice. Herein, a mesoporous superstructure is designed using silicon atom-doped nanowire arrays to uniformly load Pt nanoparticles on the surface to produce a desirable ionization effect. We apply the multiscale element-doped nanowire arrays to efficiently assist extraction of high-quality metabolic fingerprints from only 35 nL of serum within seconds. Using different machine learning algorithms, we establish specific biomarker panels to distinguish different liver diseases from the healthy control, with more than 90% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Moreover, from established biomarker panels, we further determine key metabolites of significant difference (

Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases; Machine Learning; Nanowires; Quality of Life; Silicon

An electrochemical biosensor array system was fabricated for the diagnosis and monitoring of liver diseases. Analysis on this array system with multiple samples was performed for point-of-care testing or home-use applications. Cholesterol, bilirubin and aminotransferases present in the serum are well-known biomarkers for liver diseases. For this study, we describe our biosensor array system consisting of cholesterol, bilirubin and glutamate sensors. To immobilize sensing enzymes on the array system, we employed a silanization technique. We observed that porous silicon layers formed on each working electrode notably increase the effective surface area. Sensing electrodes were placed in sampling wells to minimize the cross-interference effect so that multiple sampling would be possible with a low noise current. Compared with traditional analyte measurement procedures, our novel analytical device demonstrated acceptable sensitivities for the analyses of multiple samples and analytes without a marked cross-interference effect. The device sensitivities observed were 0.2656 microA/mM for cholesterol, 0.15354 mA/mM for bilirubin, 0.13698 microA/(U/l) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 0.45439 microA/(U/l) for aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

Topics: Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cholesterol; Electrochemistry; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Liver Diseases; Microelectrodes; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silanes; Silicon

Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between gastrointestinal cancer mortality and exposure to cutting fluids and abrasives in metal machining and precision grinding operations. Two previous studies found excess stomach cancer among workers exposed to water-based cutting fluids in bearing plants. This study reports similar findings in a third and larger population. Cause of death and work histories were determined for 1,766 bearing plant workers who died between Jan 1, 1950 and June 30, 1982. Mortality odds ratios (SMOR) and proportional mortality ratios (PMR) revealed significant excesses of gastrointestinal malignancies. The proportional mortality excess for stomach cancer among white men was greatest among those with more than 10 years' exposure in the major grinding group (PMR = 13/3.8 = 3.39; P less than .001). The SMOR by logistic regression for stomach cancer among white men was 2.3 (P = .02) for 25 years' grinding experience. For cancer of the pancreas among white men, there were significant associations with both machining and grinding jobs in straight oil (SMOR = 9.9 and 3.2, respectively, for 25 years duration). These findings could not be explained by confounding due to the ethnic background of the decedents. This study confirms previous evidence that grinding operations using water-based cutting fluids increase the risk for stomach cancer and provides moderate evidence that exposures to straight oil-cutting fluids increase the risk for cancer of the pancreas. There were indications, meriting further investigation, that non-malignant liver disease is associated with cutting fluid exposures and that lung cancer is associated with oil smoke from operations such as forging or heat treating.

Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Oxide; Carbon; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Connecticut; Female; Humans; Industrial Oils; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Metallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Silicon; Silicon Compounds; Smoke; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Blood; Communicable Diseases; Gastroscopy; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Iron; Liver Diseases; Silicon