silicon and Dental-Caries

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of two fluoride varnishes (Duraphat and Fluor Protector) in the prevention of dental caries in children residing in a non-fluoridated community. At baseline, 787 grade one children (6-7-yr old) were examined and randomly allocated into a control and two treatment groups. At 20 months, 703 children remained in the study. The mean baseline caries experience and the mean number of permanent teeth present at 20 months were not significantly different among the treatment and control groups. The mean DMFS increments after 20 months were 1.70, 1.73 and 2.02 for Fluor-Protector, Duraphat and control groups respectively (% reductions of 15.8 and 14.4 for Fluor-Protector and Duraphat groups). The mean dfs increments for primary molars after 20 months were 1.56, 1.62 and 1.74 for Fluor-Protector, Duraphat and control groups respectively (% reductions of 10 for Fluor-Protector and 7 for Duraphat).

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Polyurethanes; Quebec; Random Allocation; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Drug Combinations; Finland; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; Dental Prophylaxis; DMF Index; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oils; Radiography; Silicon; Sodium

Remineralization is an indispensable phenomenon during the natural healing process of enamel decay. The incorporation of zinc (Zn) into enamel crystal could accelerate this remineralization. The present study was designed to investigate the concentration and distribution of Zn in remineralized enamel after gum chewing.. The experiment was performed at the Photon Factory. Synchrotron radiation was monochromatized and X-rays were focused into a small beam spot. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) from the sample was detected with a silicon (Si) (lithium (Li)) detector. X-ray beam energy was tuned to detect Zn. The examined samples were small enamel fragments remineralized after chewing calcium phosphate-containing gum in situ. The incorporation of Zn atom into hydroxyapatite (OHAP), the main component of enamel, was measured using Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) with fluorescence mode at the SPring-8.. A high concentration of Zn was detected in a superficial area 10-microm deep of the sectioned enamel after gum chewing. This concentration increased over that in the intact enamel. The atomic distance between Zn and O in the enamel was calculated using the EXAFS data. The analyzed atomic distances between Zn and O in two sections were 0.237 and 0.240 nm.. The present experiments suggest that Zn is effectively incorporated into remineralized enamel through the physiological processes of mineral deposition in the oral cavity through gum-chewing and that Zn substitution probably occurred at the calcium position in enamel hydroxyapatite.

Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Chewing Gum; Crystallography; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Double-Blind Method; Durapatite; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Humans; Lithium; Oxygen; Polysaccharides; Silicon; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Synchrotrons; Tooth Remineralization; Xylitol; Zinc

Bioactive glasses contain oxides of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and silicon in a proportion that provides the material with surface activity and concomitantly with the property of forming a strong bond with bone. Bioactive glasses have been tested as bone substitutes in different clinical situations. In an aqueous environment, Ca2+, Na+, PO4(3-) , and Si4+ are released from the glass, resulting in a rise in pH and in osmotic pressure in its vicinity. Since these are factors that potentially influence the viability of oral microorganisms at the dentogingival margin, we studied the effects of bioactive glass S53P4 on the oral microorganisms Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis. This was done by incubating each microbe in a suspension, in the presence of bioactive glass S53P4 in powder form. A. naeslundii was found to lose its viability within 10 min under the experimental conditions. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans lost their viability within 60 min. Also for S. sanguis a significant loss of viability was seen within 60 min, but it was the only microbe that had any viable cells left after 60 min. Thus, in aqueous solutions the powdered bioactive glass S53P4 appears to have a broad antimicrobial effect on microorganisms of both supra- and subgingival plaque. Consequently, it could be useful as an ingredient in tooth-care products that may have beneficial effects on oral health both from a cariologic and a periodontal point of view.

Topics: Actinomyces; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Substitutes; Calcium; Ceramics; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouth; Ointments; Osmotic Pressure; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphates; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Silicon; Sodium; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Surface Properties; Tooth

A dentifrice containing 5% potassium nitrate, 1.3% soluble pyrophosphate, 1.5% polyvinylmethyl ether and maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymer and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Sensitive/Tartar Control) has been developed to concomitantly control tartar, caries and dentinal hypersensitivity. In vitro and animal studies show that the fluoride in this product effectively inhibits formation of enamel and dentine caries. In vitro studies also demonstrate that this dentifrice effectively reduces hydraulic conductance by occluding dentine tubules with a mixed surface deposit of copolymer and silica. Using an in vitro model that simulates in vivo conditions, this dentifrice also allows a rapid penetration of potassium nitrate through the dentine matrix. These findings demonstrate a correlation under in vivo conditions between the occlusion of dentine and the ability to deliver topically applied agents to target sites within or below dentine. The results indicate that this new dentifrice should provide multiple clinical therapeutic benefits including controlling tooth decay and tartar formation, and reducing and preventing dentinal hypersensitivity.

Topics: Animals; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Dentin; Dentin Permeability; Dentin Sensitivity; Diphosphates; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; Maleates; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Polyethylenes; Potassium; Potassium Compounds; Rats; Rheology; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride; Surface Properties; Tooth Remineralization

The aim of this study was to determine whether Fluor Protector, a fluoride varnish, applied to molars before orthodontic banding could prevent white spot formation. In the in vitro study 93 human premolars were used, divided in five different groups, representing different clinical situations. Each tooth was sliced in half, one as a control and the other as a test specimen. All tooth halves were stored in a demineralizing solution, in an attempt to induce white spot formation. In the in vivo study 104 molars (52 controls and 52 tests) of 28 orthodontic patients were involved. The 'split-mouth technique' was used. After evaluation of the results of both studies, it is evident that Fluor Protector is very effective in the prevention of white spot formation under molar bands.

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lacquer; Molar; Oral Hygiene; Orthodontic Appliances; Polyurethanes; Random Allocation; Reproducibility of Results; Resins, Plant; Silanes; Silicon; Surface Properties

Cylindrical enamel blocks with initial carious lesions were treated for one hour with Duraphat or Fluor-Protector. After removal of the fluoride varnishes the enamel blocks were kept in the mouths of 3 probands for 5 days. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on half of the enamel cylinders, while the other half was kept clean. Part of the enamel cylinders were retained as fluoridated controls. Compared with Duraphat the application of Fluor-Protector resulted in a significantly higher uptake of KOH soluble and firmly bound fluoride. During the 5 days of the experiment the amount of KOH soluble fluorides decreased in both groups. In the presence of plaque the fluoride loss was higher. The amount of firmly bound fluoride increased both in the plaque covered and in the clean enamel. The durable cariostatic effect of fluoridated varnishes seems to be due to the slow dissolution of Ca F2-like precipitates on the enamel surface and the concomitant fluoride uptake in the underlying demineralized enamel.

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Fluoride varnishes Durpahat and Fluor Protector are commonly used and have proven to be effective as caries preventive agents. In the first part of this paper the features of fluoride varnishes in terms of fluoride uptake, caries prevention and toxicological safety are discussed. The effect of both varnishes under high cariogenic conditions is discussed in the second part. In the presented study, 8 patients carried 3 enamel specimens (Fluor Protector, Duraphat, Control) intra-orally during 4 months. They kept plaque accumulation intact on the specimen and avoided fluoride administration from other sources. After 4 months of substantial cariogenic challenge, the enamel was analysed by microradiography and the degree of caries protection obtained for each varnish type was calculated. The results show that under high-risk caries conditions enamel treated with Fluor Protector was significantly better protected (65%) than enamel treated with Duraphat (3%).

Topics: Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Paint; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dentin; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Hardness; Humans; Microradiography; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Paint; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Paint; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; DMF Index; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Paint; Polyurethanes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Saliva; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

Topics: Acrylates; Adolescent; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Child; Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Methacrylates; Paint; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Sodium Fluoride

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of four applications during 2 years of the fluoride-containing varnish, Fluor Protector. The final series examined during the 2-year follow-up period comprised 76 girls and 87 boys, whose average age at the onset of the experiment was 12.8 +/- 0.6 years. The test was carried out as a blind study, using a half-month technique. The fluoride content of the surface enamel was measured in 40 children. The results obtained by the conventional fluoride electrode technique were compared with those obtained by the sensitive physical technique based on proton beam bombarding using bovine primary teeth. The teeth were cut longitudinally into two halves; one half was treated with Fluor Protector and the other half served as a control. Clinical examinations of the children showed that the number of carious lesions requiring active treatment was low on both the control and experimental side of the mouth. Varnish treatment did not reduce caries in these children. The fluoride content of the surface enamel was relatively high on the untreated control side, but no increasing trend was observed during the 2-year follow-up period. The fluoride content of the treated teeth was markedly elevated throughout the follow-up period. The in vitro experiments with the bovine teeth showed that etching did not release all the fluoride present in the tooth enamel.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Polyurethanes; Silanes; Silicon; Time Factors

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Paint; Placebos; Silanes; Silicon; Urethane

Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Fluorine; Magnesium; Rats; Salivary Glands; Silicon

Topics: Dental Caries; Dentistry; Fluorides; Orthodontic Appliances; Rubber; Silicon