silicon and Deficiency-Diseases

Boron may be beneficial for bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, and the inflammatory response, and silicon may be beneficial for bone maintenance and wound healing. Fluoride is not an essential element but amounts provided by contamination may be beneficial for bone strength. Fluoride toxicity may be a concern in parenteral nutrition. Further studies are warranted to determine whether there are optimal amounts of boron and silicon that should be delivered to typical and special population patients receiving parenteral nutrition. In addition, further studies are needed to determine whether providing the dietary guideline of adequate intake amounts of fluoride parenterally would prevent or treat parenteral nutrition osteopenia.

Topics: Boron; Deficiency Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fluorides; Humans; Micronutrients; Parenteral Nutrition; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Silicon; Trace Elements

Topics: Aging; Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Deficiency Diseases; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Silicon

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Chickens; Deficiency Diseases; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Female; Fluorine; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Nickel; Nutritional Requirements; Oviposition; Phosphorus; Poultry; Silicon; Tin; Trace Elements; Turkeys; Vanadium; Vitamin D

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Fluorine; Food Analysis; Humans; Nickel; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Rats; Silicon; Tin; Trace Elements; Vanadium

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chromium; Deficiency Diseases; Forecasting; Humans; Nickel; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Silicon; Tin; Trace Elements; Vanadium

Circumstantial evidence suggests that aluminum, arsenic, bromine, cadmium, germanium, lead, lithium, nickel, rubidium, silicon, tin and vanadium are essential. The evidence is most compelling for arsenic, nickel, silicon and vanadium. The estimated daily dietary intakes for these elements are arsenic, 12-50 micrograms; nickel, 100 micrograms; silicon, 20-50 mg and vanadium, 10-20 micrograms. By extrapolation from animal studies, the daily dietary intakes of these elements needed to prevent deficiency or to provide beneficial action in humans are arsenic, 12-25 micrograms; nickel, 100 micrograms; silicon, 2-5 mg (based on 10% bioavailability in natural diets) and vanadium, 10 micrograms. Thus, the postulated need by humans for these elements can be met by typical diets. Because there may be situations, however, where dietary intake does not meet the postulated requirements, research is needed to derive status indicators in humans and to further study the relationships of low intake or impaired bioavailability of these ultratrace elements to various diseases.

Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Deficiency Diseases; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Minerals; Nickel; Nutritional Requirements; Silicon; Trace Elements; Vanadium

Silicon is required for normal growth and development in the chick when a low silicon diet is fed in a trace element controlled environment. Day-old deutectomized cockerels fed a purified amino acid diet showed significantly retarded growth and development within 2 to 3 weeks. Chicks fed the same diet plus a silicon supplement showed 50 percent higher growth and normal development. Silicon meets the criteria for an essential trace element.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Growth; Nutritional Requirements; Silicon; Trace Elements