silicon and Chronic-Disease

In this review, we describe current and future potential wound healing treatments for acute and chronic wounds. The current wound healing approaches are based on autografts, allografts, and cultured epithelial autografts, and wound dressings based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. The Food and Drug Administration approved wound healing dressings based on several polymers including collagen, silicon, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. The new potential therapeutic intervention for wound healing includes sustained delivery of growth factors, and siRNA delivery, targeting microRNA, and stem cell therapy. In addition, environment sensors can also potentially utilize to monitor and manage microenvironment at wound site. Sensors use optical, odor, pH, and hydration sensors to detect such characteristics as uric acid level, pH, protease level, and infection - all in the hopes of early detection of complications.

Topics: Acute Disease; Biological Dressings; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cellular Microenvironment; Chitosan; Chronic Disease; Collagen; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; MicroRNAs; RNA, Small Interfering; Silicon; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anabolic Agents; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Estrenes; Humans; Middle Aged; Silicon; Trimethylsilyl Compounds

Topics: Adult; Bandages; Becaplermin; Chronic Disease; Epidermolysis Bullosa, Junctional; Female; Gels; Humans; Paraffin; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Re-Epithelialization; Silicon; Silver; Skin Ulcer; Surgical Sponges; Viscoelastic Substances; Wound Healing

A new forceps suitable for the safe and easier insertion of a silicon catheter into the subdural space is described. The use of this new tool has two advantages: Firstly, the insertion of the silicon subdural catheter is parallel to the brain surface and secondly, the movement of the catheter's end in the subdural space is controlled with greater accuracy. Thus, the surgeon has the opportunity to direct the catheter to the right position avoiding penetration or injury of the brain.

Topics: Catheters, Indwelling; Chronic Disease; Equipment Design; Hematoma, Subdural; Humans; Silicon; Subdural Space; Surgical Instruments

A method for analysis of silicon in tissue was developed to determine silicon content in breast parenchymal and periprosthetic capsular tissues of patients with silicone or saline implants and to compare levels in tissues from normal (nonaugmented) breasts. It is of interest to determine whether increased silicon content in tissues can be associated with morbidity in patients who have received silicone implants. This manuscript addresses the issues involved in analysis of breast tissue samples for silicon and compares silicon levels with tissue histologic findings and patient morbidity. One hundred sixty tissue samples were obtained for silicon analysis from 72 patients during augmentation, capsulectomy with or without replacement mammoplasty, mastectomy, or biopsy procedures and were frozen in acid-washed polystyrene tubes at 220 degrees C until analysis. Samples were thawed, sectioned to approximately 0.1 g (dry weight), and digested in nitric acid before analysis by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, monitoring emission intensity at 251.6 nm. Tissue silicon levels (breast parenchymal and periprosthetic capsular tissue) in patients with silicone gel implants were much higher (mean, 9,287 micrograms/g, n = 106) than in patients with saline implants (mean, 196 micrograms/g, n = 37) or nonaugmented breasts (mean, 64 micrograms/g, n = 17). Histologic examination was performed on 54 tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Tissue samples were rated as to degree of inflammation and calcification, and amount of giant cells, foamy histiocytes, and vacuoles containing a colorless refractory material. Vacuolization and foamy histiocyte ratings correlated significantly with tissue silicon concentration. No correlations were found between tissue silicon concentration and inflammation, calcification, or giant cell rating. Implant age (number of years an implant was in place before sampling) correlated with capsular tissue silicon concentration in patients with intact implants but not in those with ruptured implants. No difference in tissue silicon concentration was found between patients with or without signs or symptoms of morbidity. Using 0.1 g of tissue, the method was linear to 1,000 micrograms/g, and sensitivity was 3.7 micrograms/g. Precision between runs (mean, 5.1 micrograms/g; coefficient of variance, 13.7%; n = 13) was calculated from multiple analyses of a bovine liver standard (National Bureau of Standards, reference material 1577a).

Topics: Age Factors; Breast; Breast Implants; Chronic Disease; Female; Histocytological Preparation Techniques; Humans; Hydrofluoric Acid; Lymph Nodes; Nitric Acid; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Glottic closing pressure during swallowing was measured in the cat with a catheter pressure transducer to study the effectiveness of intracordal injection in increasing glottic pressure in unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Swallows were elicited by pouring water into the pharynx while the animal was under light anesthesia with ketamine. Peak pressure of the glottic closure for the control group during deglutition was 68.0 +/- 10.5 mm Hg (mean +/- standard deviation). Peak pressure decreased to 22.0 +/- 3.6 mm Hg just after sectioning of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, and rose to 39.8 +/- 8.3 mm Hg by silicon injection into the paralyzed vocal fold. In a study of chronic cases 1 month or more after unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve section, peak pressure was 49.1 +/- 23.4 mm Hg, and varied widely from 21 to 92 mm Hg because of differences in the position of the paralyzed vocal fold and the degree of compensation by the unaffected vocal fold. In the group that had the paralyzed vocal fold fixed in the median position, peak pressure was almost the same as that of the control group. When the paralyzed vocal fold was fixed in either the paramedian or lateral position, peak pressure was 33.3 +/- 7.0 mm Hg. This value was significantly elevated to 45.8 +/- 10.4 mm Hg by injection of silicon, though it remained lower than that of the control. These results suggest that the decrease in glottic closing force during swallowing as a result of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve lesion is compensated for by the unaffected vocal fold to some degree and is improved by intracordal injection.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cats; Chronic Disease; Deglutition; Electromyography; Glottis; Neck Muscles; Pressure; Prostheses and Implants; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve; Silicon; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords

Topics: Anabolic Agents; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estrenes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molsidomine; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Silicon; Trimethylsilyl Compounds

Topics: Chronic Disease; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Nasal Mucosa; Silicon; Sinusitis

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Arm; Chronic Disease; Drainage; Female; Humans; Lymphedema; Male; Mastectomy; Postoperative Complications; Silicon

The Growing importance of industrial noxae for carcinogenesis will, in the course of further progressive mechanization and industrialization, suggest an increasing confrontation with this problem. The above mentioned case, a patient working with insulating materials on industrial heating systems, impressevely demonstrates the transformation of chronic laryngitis into a carcinoma in the course of years, brought about by industrial influences and thus proving the exogenous origin of this genesis. Dust as well as strong effects of heat under conditions of variable atmospheric humidily are concerned to be principal damaging factors.

Topics: Asbestos; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chronic Disease; Construction Materials; Dust; Heating; Humans; Humidity; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngitis; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Occupations; Silicon

Topics: Adult; Aluminum; Chronic Disease; Female; Gastric Juice; Humans; Male; Manganese; Psoriasis; Silicon; Spectrophotometry; Trace Elements

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum; Blood Cells; Blood Platelets; Chronic Disease; Copper; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Manganese; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Silicon; Trace Elements

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum; Bile; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chronic Disease; Copper; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Manganese; Middle Aged; Silicon; Trace Elements