silicon and Arthritis--Rheumatoid

Understanding the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has led to the successful development of molecule-targeted drugs for the treatment of RA. However, some RA patients are refractory to these treatments, suggesting that the pathological mechanism of the disease is not entirely understood. Genome and transcriptome analysis is essential for understanding the unknown pathophysiology of human diseases. Rapid and more comprehensive gene analysis technologies have revealed notable changes in the expression of coding RNA and non-coding RNA in RA patients. This review focuses on the current state of non-coding RNA research in relation to RA, especially on tRNA fragments. Interestingly, it has been found that tRNA fragments repress translation and are antiapoptotic. The association between tRNA fragments and various diseases has been studied, and this article reviews the possible role of tRNA fragments in RA.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA; RNA, Transfer; RNA, Untranslated; Silicon; Stress, Physiological; Titanium

Indications for intercarpal and radiocarpal resectionarthroplasty and fusions are osteoarthritis, KIEHNBOCK'S disease, rheumatoid arthritis and several posttraumatic disorders of the wrist joint. The resection of carpal bones leads to severe instability patterns of the wrist. In conclusion we recommend resection-arthroplasty just for treatment of the thumb carpo-metacarpal osteoarthritis. Implant resection arthroplasty of the lunate and scaphoid or total wrist implants are still causing multiple problems regarding heavy load. Therefore this implants should be confined to rheumatoid patients. Of the limited carpal arthrodeses the scaphotrapezium-trapezoid arthrodeses is the most frequent performed procedure. It can be indicated for STT-osteoarthritis, KIEHNBOCK's disease, scapho-lunate instability and scaphoid pseudarthrosis if other surgical procedures had failed presuming there are no signs of arthrosis in the radiocarpal joint. Persisting pain especially in heavy work is quite frequent after limited arthrodesis but can be greatly relieved by simultaneous wrist denervation. In advanced cases of osteoarthritis total wrist arthrodesis is still the best choice for the patient.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Implantation; Pseudarthrosis; Radiography; Silicon; Wrist Injuries

The lack of drugs that target both disease progression and tissue preservation makes it difficult to effectively manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we report a porous silicon-based nanomedicine that efficiently delivers an antirheumatic drug to inflamed synovium while degrading into bone-remodeling products. Methotrexate (MTX) is loaded into the porous silicon nanoparticles using a calcium silicate based condenser chemistry. The calcium silicate-porous silicon nanoparticle constructs (pCaSiNPs) degrade and release the drug preferentially in an inflammatory environment. The biodegradation products of the pCaSiNP drug carrier are orthosilicic acid and calcium ions, which exhibit immunomodulatory and antiresorptive effects. In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis, systemically administered MTX-loaded pCaSiNPs accumulate in the inflamed joints and ameliorate the progression of RA at both early and established stages of the disease. The disease state readouts show that the combination is more effective than the monotherapies.

Topics: Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Calcium; Drug Carriers; Inflammation; Methotrexate; Mice; Nanomedicine; Porosity; Silicon

The nutritional significance of silicon for the human body is highlighted by a continually growing body of evidence. In conditions of excessive reactive oxygen species and upregulated immune response, silicon has been observed to provide benefits, but its role in redox and inflammatory status has not yet been examined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of silicon intake and plasma level to systemic indices of redox status and inflammation in patients with RA.. Silicon intake and plasma levels were measured in 115 RA subjects and 129 control subjects. Serum antioxidant and oxidant levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and albumin, uric acid, TBARS, hs-CRP, and IL-6 levels were measured and compared to the intake and plasma levels of silicon.. Silicon intake and plasma silicon levels were higher in RA subjects than in the controls. In the RA group, a generally favorable correlation to redox and inflammatory markers was found for silicon in diet and in plasma; however, albumin level, smoking status, and gender interfered with these results. In the control subjects, a significant relationship was observed only between plasma silicon and non-enzymatic markers of redox status.. There are suggestions of silicon's involvement in managing redox and inflammatory status in RA, though further studies are warranted.

Topics: Antioxidants; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Oxidation-Reduction; Silicon

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Proteins; Copper; Female; Humans; Male; Manganese; Middle Aged; Silicon; Spectrum Analysis

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Phosphorus; Silicon; Sulfur