silicate-cement and Dental-Leakage

Standards presently used to evaluate the biologic compatibility of dental restorative materials are examined and their inherent shortcomings are noted in this report. Studies citing the alleged effects of dental materials on the pulp are reviewed and compared to new theories, which suggest that the principal cause of pulpal inflammation is bacterial infiltration. Thus, studies that are not able to exclude bacteria as a variable cannot be used to draw conclusions as to the cause of inflammatory changes. This paper presents a proposal to alter the current biocompatibility testing methods to methods that can distinguish between the effects of materials and the effects of bacteria on the pulp.

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Composite Resins; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Materials Testing; Pulpitis; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Sulfate; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Impression Materials; Dental Leakage; Dental Materials; Denture Bases; Fluorides; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Models, Dental; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resins, Synthetic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of occlusal finish line configuration on microleakage of indirect composite inlays.. Forty-five recently extracted premolars were randomly assigned into three groups with different types of occlusal finish line preparations: bevel, chamfer, and butt joint. All restorations were made in Artglass (Heraeus Kulzer) and luted according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The teeth were sealed and then thermocycled 500 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. After that they were immersed in a 2% methylene blue (pH 7.2) solution for 24 hours. Each tooth was bisectioned in the buccal/lingual direction and then examined microscopically at each section to evaluate the microleakage score. The data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests.. There were no significant differences between the buccal margins of maxillary premolars with occlusal bevel or butt joint; the chamfer had the worst performance. In the buccal margin of mandibular premolars, the bevel and chamfer showed significantly smaller amounts of leakage than the butt joint. No significant differences were observed between the three types of occlusal cavosurface preparations in the lingual margin of maxillary and mandibular premolars.. The finish line configuration, the position of the teeth in the arch, and the margin (buccal vs lingual) influenced microleakage. Whenever microleakage was observed in this study, it was always observed at the tooth-cement interface.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Bicuspid; Chi-Square Distribution; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Immersion; Inlays; Methylene Blue; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement; Statistics as Topic; Surface Properties; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Leakage; Dentin Sensitivity; Eugenol; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Male; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Thermal Conductivity; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

The study aimed to determine the base/restoration combination which allowed the least microleakage in Class II cavities. One hundred premolar teeth were prepared with a standardized, minimal two-surface cavity and randomly ascribed to ten equal groups. The cavities were restored by use of one of ten different material/technique combinations. Restored teeth were sealed to within 1 mm of the restoration margins with nail varnish prior to the immersion of the crowns in 5% (buffered) eosin for 48 h. The teeth were then hemisected longitudinally, in a mesio-distal plane, through the midline of the restoration by means of a diamond disc with water coolant, and one half of each tooth was then photographed. The transparencies were examined by image analysis programmed to facilitate calculation of the percentage of the tooth/restoration interface and of the crown dentin exhibiting dye penetration. Light- and chemically-cured glass-ionomer-based restorations showed similar amounts of leakage when expressed as a percentage area of crown dentin. This was significantly (p less than 0.05) less than that shown by cavities both etched and bonded. Cavities restored without enamel etching or involving the use of a bonding system exhibited significantly (p less than 0.05) greatest leakage.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Bicuspid; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Minerals; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement

The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Portland cement (PC), Biodentine(TM) and Tech biosealer in repairing furcal perforations in primary molars using the fluid-filtration technique.. Fifty freshly extracted maxillary second primary molars were sectioned horizontally at the furcation region to create dentin disks of 1.5 mm (+ 0.1 mm) thickness. Five disks were not perforated and served as negative controls. In the remaining 45 disks, furcation perforations were prepared. Five disks did not receive furcation repair and served as positive controls. The remaining 40 disks were then randomly divided into four equal groups (10 disks in each group). Perforations were repaired with: MTA, PC, Biodentine(TM) or Tech Biosealer. The sealing ability of the tested materials was evaluated by measuring microleakage for each disk after four different storage periods: 24-hour, 1-month, 6-month and 1-year storage using fluid-filtration. Comparisons between the four materials and the four time periods were done using the two-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe multiple comparisons test.. There was no significant difference between the mean microleakage values obtained in the four tested materials after 24 hours, 1, 6 month and 1 year. However, microleakage values for each individual material were significantly higher at 24 hours than at the other time intervals.. Mineral trioxide aggregate, PC, Biodentine(TM) and Tech biosealer showed similar capabilities in sealing the furcal perforations of the primary molars, where the sealing ability improved over time for each individual material.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Drug Combinations; Filtration; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Molar; Oxides; Random Allocation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Time Factors; Tooth, Deciduous

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability and antibacterial activity of Ca3SiO5/CaCl2 composite cement. Fifty maxillary anterior teeth were instrumented according to step-back technique and filled with experimental and control materials. To evaluate the sealing ability, a fluid transport model using glucose was employed for quantitative analysis of endodontic microleakage. To evaluate antibacterial activity, E. colias (ATCC 25922) was cultivated on agar plates. Results showed that the sealing ability of Ca3SiO5/CaCl2 composite cement and cortisomol paste were higher than that of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cement, and that no significant difference was observed between Ca3SiO5/CaCl2 composite cement and cortisomol paste. On antibacterial activity, Ca3SiO5/CaCl2 composite cements composed of varying amounts of CaCl2 (0-15%) exhibited similar levels of activity against E. coliasas calcium hydroxide cement, whereas cortisomol paste had little effect on E. colias. All these results suggested that Ca3SiO5/CaCl2 composite cement demonstrated good potential for root canal treatment applications.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents; Calcium Chloride; Calcium Compounds; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Escherichia coli; Glass Ionomer Cements; Glucose; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Sealing ability and bond strengths of total-etch and self-etch dentin adhesives used for immediate dentin sealing have not been assessed and established.. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) using total-etch or self-etch dentin adhesives on microleakage and microtensile bond strength.. Twenty recently extracted molars were selected, and standard MOD inlay preparations were made with the gingival margins located below the cemento-enamel junction. The teeth were assigned to 4 experimental groups (n=5) according to the indirect composite restoration cementation technique used: (1) immediate dentin sealing with Adper Single Bond (TEBI); (2) conventional adhesive cementation technique using Adper Single Bond (TEAI); (3) immediate dentin sealing using Adper Prompt L-Pop (SEBI); or (4) conventional adhesive cementation technique using Adper Prompt L-Pop (SEAI). The restored teeth were thermal cycled 1,000 times between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C and then immersed in 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate. Three specimens per restoration were evaluated for microleakage, according to predefined scores, and submitted to Friedman's test (alpha=.05). The specimens were then sectioned to obtain 0.8 +/-0.2-mm-thick sticks (with n ranging from 32 to 57 specimens) and submitted to microtensile bond strength (muTBS) testing. The obtained data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA test (alpha=.05).. None of the experimental groups demonstrated complete elimination of marginal microleakage. There were significant differences in microleakage of the tested adhesives (P>.001). IDS microleakage scores were similar to those obtained using the conventional cementation technique (CCT) for both adhesives. The highest mean bond strengths were obtained with TEBI (51.1 MPa), whereas SEAI showed the lowest mean bond strengths (1.7 MPa). IDS resulted in significantly higher bond strengths than CCT (P<.001).. Total-etch and self-etch adhesives have a significant effect on IDS. IDS resulted in high bond strengths for both adhesives; however, the microleakage was similar to that obtained with CCT. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:1-9).

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Cementation; Ceramics; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement; Silver Staining; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Temperature; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; Tooth Cervix

To evaluate in vitro the gingival microleakage of Class II direct and indirect composite restorations with cervical margins 0.5 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).. Mesial-occusal (MO) preparations of similar size were made in 10 homologous pairs of caries-free extracted human third molars. One specimen for each pair was prepared for a direct composite restoration and the other for an indirect composite restoration. Direct preparations were restored per manufacturer's instructions. Indirect preparations were impressed, and composite restorations were fabricated and cemented with a dual-cure cement. A total-etch technique was used for all restorations. Restorations were finished, polished, stored for 1 week in distilled water at 37 degrees C, thermocycled (5 degrees-55 degrees C x 1000), sealed with fingernail polish (leaving a 1.5 mm open periphery adjacent to the gingival margin), and placed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally (mesio-distally) within the restoration in two cuts and the four resulting surfaces (two inner cut surfaces, two outer cut surfaces) were evaluated for dye penetration with a x10 stereoscope using a scale of 0 (no penetration) to 4 (dye penetration involving more than half the axial wall).. All 20 specimens had at least one score of three (dye penetration involving less than half of the axial wall) or four. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon paired-sample test) disclosed a significant decrease in the indirect composite microleakage scores for the two outer cuts (P = 0.006, P = 0.002). No significant differences in microleakage scores were found between materials for the inner cut surfaces of the specimens. Overall, the results of die penetration showed no statistical difference between Class II direct and indirect composite restorations for microleakage.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Cementation; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Leakage; Dental Polishing; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gingiva; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Rosaniline Dyes; Silicate Cement; Temperature; Time Factors; Tooth Cervix; Water

We aimed to compare the apical sealing ability of two experimental retrograde root-filling cements and mineral trioxide aggregate using a fluid filtration method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were used to evaluate structural and qualitative characteristics. Thirty single-rooted extracted teeth were treated, root-end prepared, and obturated using MTA and two experimental cements. Fluid filtration was measured during a 5-minute period after 4, 24, and 48 hours and 1, 2, and 12 weeks. The results were statistically compared by using a two-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). The marginal adaptation was evaluated by using a SEM replica technique. XRD analyses showed similar patterns. XRF showed lower amounts of SiO(2) and FeO(3) in the experimental cements. All cements showed a reduced fluid flow rate over time. No significant differences were found between the cements. The SEM replica indicated a good marginal adaptation to dentinal walls. Both experimental cements showed suitable properties as retrograde root-filling materials.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dentin Permeability; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxides; Replica Techniques; Retrograde Obturation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

To compare the cervical microleakage of titanium copings veneered with 3 porcelain-based materials with that of titanium copings veneered with 2 indirect polymeric materials.. Commercially pure, grade 2 titanium was veneered with 3 porcelain systems specially designed for fusing on titanium: Ti22 (Noritake), Triceram (Esprident), and Vitatitankeramik (Vita). Additionally, 2 polymeric materials were used for veneering titanium: Chromasit and Targis (Ivoclar). Four veneer crowns for each titanium-veneer combination were obtained. After storing the specimens in basic fuchsin, the microleakage between titanium and veneer in the cervical area was assessed by measuring the extent of dye penetration within the interface. ANOVA and post hoc statistics were used to analyze the data.. Chromasit exhibited the highest mean microleakage score (3 +/- 0.816). The least mean microleakage at the interface was recorded for Ti22 porcelain (0 +/- 0.0), followed by Triceram (0.25 +/- 0.50), Vitatitankeramik (0.75 +/- 0.957), and Targis (1.5 +/- 1.732). Only the differences between each porcelain system and Chromasit were significant (P <.05).. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, there was no significant microleakage between titanium copings and the porcelain veneers, regardless of the porcelain system. The microleakage between titanium and the polymeric materials depended on the veneering material. Leakage was significantly higher when Chromasit was used.

Topics: Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Glass Ionomer Cements; Methacrylates; Silicate Cement; Titanium; Urethane

Microleakage around dental restorations is implicated in the occurrence of secondary carious lesions, adverse pulpal response, and reduced restoration longevity.. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of indirect resin composite inlays cemented with 4 luting agents.. Standardized Class V inlay preparations overlapping the cemento-enamel junction were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human mandibular third molars. Eighty postpolymerized, heat-treated resin composite inlays (Targis, 72 specimens, 8 controls) were processed in stone replicas and cemented into the preparations using 4 luting agents (n = 18 + 2 controls for each cement group): a resin composite used with a bonding agent (Variolink II/Excite), a resin composite used with a self-etching primer, but without bonding agent (Panavia F/ED Primer), a modified resin composite used with a bonding agent (Resinomer/One Step), and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji Plus). Thirty-six inlays (n = 9 + 1 control) were subjected to thermal cycling (2000 cycles, 5 degrees C/55 degrees C), whereas the other 36 were not. All the teeth were then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye solution for 48 hours. Microleakage score, margin location (enamel/cementum), thermal cycling history, and preparation location (buccal/lingual) were analyzed using a multivariate model (alpha = .05). Multivariate analysis was performed using a polychotomous logistic regression.. The preparation location had no significant effect on dye penetration. The margin location (enamel or cementum) and the thermal cycling had a significant effect on microleakage (odds ratios [ORs] = 17.6 and 8.04, respectively). In comparing the 3 resin-based luting agents (Variolink II, Panavia F, and Resinomer) to Fuji Plus, Panavia F exhibited the lowest significant overall microleakage (OR = 0.09), followed by Variolink II (significant OR equal to 0.43), whereas Resinomer demonstrated the greatest significant overall microleakage (OR = 1.35).. Within the experimental conditions of this in vitro study, thermal cycling significantly increased microleakage (OR = 8.04). The overall microleakage at the enamel margins was significantly lower than the overall microleakage at the cementum margins for the 4 luting agents tested (OR = 17.6).

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Cementation; Composite Resins; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel; Dental Leakage; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass Ionomer Cements; Hot Temperature; Humans; Inlays; Logistic Models; Molar; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement

This study investigated the cervical microleakage between a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy and four indirect polymeric veneering materials using different adhesive systems.. The Co-Cr-based alloy for fixed prosthesis used in this study (Biosil F, Degussa) was veneered with four different polymeric materials: Artglass, Chromasit, Solidex, and Superacryl.. Superacryl produced the highest microleakage score (4 +/- 0.0). The least microleakage at the interface was produced by Artglass (1 +/- 0.816), followed by Chromasit (2 +/- 1.414) and Solidex (2.5 +/- 1.0). Only the differences between Artglass and Superacryl were significant.. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, cervical microleakage between the coping and the veneer depended on the particular polymeric material used for veneering. Leakage was significantly lower when resin materials were used together with a chemical conditioning system (ie, Artglass/Siloc).

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Chromium Alloys; Composite Resins; Crowns; Dental Leakage; Dental Veneers; Denture, Partial, Fixed; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Silicate Cement; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth Cervix; Urethane

This study evaluated in vitro the effect of using the operating microscope on repairing furcation perforations using Vitrebond or mineral trioxide aggregate. Forty-six human molar teeth were mounted into a jig attached to a simulated jaw. The teeth were allocated randomly to four groups (n = 10). Furcal perforations were made in the teeth using an ISO 012 round bur in a slow-speed hand-piece. Each material was used to repair a group of teeth with and without the use of the operating microscope. The remaining six teeth provided positive and negative controls. All groups were stored in 100% humidity, and the repair materials were allowed to set for 72 h at room temperature before being assessed for the quality of placement under x26 magnification. Leakage at the repair was then tested using India ink; the teeth were demineralized, dehydrated in alcohol, and rendered transparent in methyl salicylate. Dye penetration into the furcation repair was evaluated at x26 magnification. There was no difference in the acceptability of the repair with either material whether or not the operating microscope was used. The perforations repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate leaked significantly less to the tracer dye than those repaired with Vitrebond (p < 0.001).

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Dental Instruments; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Lenses; Molar; Oxides; Random Allocation; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Root

. Marginal adaptation and resistance to microleakage are important factors for clinical success in fixed prosthodontics. Alloy corrosion that sometimes occurs under a veneer in the cervical area may result in cervical staining, a metallic taste, or even failure of the interface.. This study investigated cervical microleakage between a Co-Cr alloy and 4 indirect polymeric veneering materials used with different conditioning systems.. Sixteen metallic frameworks (copings) were obtained by fabricating 0.6-mm calibrated wax patterns on a master cast abutment. The wax patterns were provided with 0.4-mm beaded retention on the veneering surfaces and cast in a Co-Cr based alloy (Biosil F) used for fixed partial dentures. The Co-Cr copings were divided equally into 4 groups and veneered with 4 polymeric materials (Signum, Solidex, Superpont C+B, and Targis). Three chemical conditioning systems (Siloc, Targis-Link, and Silicoater MD) were used with the respective veneering system recommended by the manufacturer; Conolar opaque was used for Superpont C+B. No control group was created. After 2 weeks of storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, 2000 cycles at 5-55 degrees C, and 24 hours of storage in 0.5% basic fuchsine, specimens were embedded in clear liquid casting resin and sectioned along a perpendicular cervical-incisal plane through the middle of the cervical collar. The surfaces of the resulting sections were examined in the cervical area with a metallurgical microscope to detect dye penetration. Leakage was quantitatively evaluated with the use of a scoring system (established by the authors) that indicated the presence/absence of dye in 3 regions of the cervical interface from the collar to the incisal margin. Scores were compared and analyzed with the use of 1-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test (P=.05).. Superpont C+B was associated with the highest microleakage scores (3.75 +/- 0.5). The least microleakage at the interface was produced by Targis (1 +/- 0.816), followed by Solidex (2.5 +/- 1.0) and Signum (2.25 +/- 0.975). Only the difference between Targis and Superpont C+B was significant (P<.05).. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the extent of cervical microleakage between the coping and veneer depended on the particular polymeric material used for veneering. The extremes of the study were Targis/Targis-Link (lowest leakage scores) and Superpont C+B (highest leakage scores). Differences among the chemical retention systems tested were not significant.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Chromium Alloys; Composite Resins; Corrosion; Dental Abutments; Dental Alloys; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Materials; Dental Veneers; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymers; Polymethacrylic Acids; Rosaniline Dyes; Silanes; Silicate Cement; Statistics as Topic; Surface Properties; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water

In this in vitro study fracture strength and marginal adaptation of adhesive-fixed three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures made with two different fabrication modifications--with and without the retainer material "Single"--of the new fibreglass system Vectris/Targis and from the metal-free Al2O3-ceramic In-Ceram were examined. The quality of the marginal adaptation was characterised using SEM evaluation and dye penetration techniques. In-Ceram and Vectris/Targis with "Single" showed good marginal adaptation, both statistically significantly better than the modification without "Single". After thermal cycling and mechanical loading the fibreglass reinforced systems showed a significantly higher fracture strength than the In-Ceram.

Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Composite Resins; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Denture, Partial, Fixed; Glass; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Silicate Cement; Tensile Strength

Class V cavities with mechanical exposures were prepared in 178 teeth of seven monkeys to observe the temporal healing of exposed pulps in direct contact with various dental materials, with or without a biologic seal of zinc-oxide eugenol cement against microleakage. Thirty pulps were direct capped as calcium hydroxide controls. The remaining 148 exposures were direct capped, 41 with silicate, 39 with zinc phosphate, 33 with amalgam, and 35 with an auto-cured composite. Sixty-four were restored to their cavosurface margin with their respective material and 84 were sealed to the covosurface margin with zinc-oxide eugenol cement. Tissues were obtained by perfusion fixation at intervals of 35, 21, 14, 10, 5, and 3 days, and then processed and evaluated. The results of this study demonstrated that exposed dental pulps possess an inherent healing capacity, allowing cell reorganization and dentin bridge formation when adequately sealed with zinc-oxide eugenol cement to prevent bacterial microleakage.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Leakage; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dentin, Secondary; Macaca nemestrina; Silicate Cement; Wound Healing; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

The microleakage of four retrograde filling materials was compared in vitro. Fifty-three single rooted teeth were instrumentated and root filled with resin chloroform and gutta-percha. The gutta-percha cones were left extruding from the access opening. All teeth were apicected and retrograde fillings placed. The materials used were a non gamma 2 amalgam (Amalcap), a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II), threaded titanium pins cemented with a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II) and identical titanium pins cemented with a silicone material (Adheseal). After removal of the gutta-percha with tweezers, a radioactive isotope solution was placed in the teeth. Extraradicular samples were taken at 3, 7, 28, 77 and 104 days. All retrograde fillings showed some microleakage. The group with titanium pins cemented with silicone showed the least leakage: significantly less than the teeth with glass ionomer cement (P < 0.01) and with amalgam (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between other groups.

Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Pins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Retrograde Obturation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Silicone Elastomers; Titanium

The aim of this study was to compare the effects upon marginal leakage of a number of dentine bonding agents when used with a posterior composite resin, Occlusin, after storage for periods of up to 2 years. The bonding agents used were Gluma, Scotchbond, Topaz and an experimental material. The results were compared with a glass ionomer, Chemfil II. Class V cavities with or without a bevelled cavo-surface margin were prepared in the buccal surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. Following restoration, the teeth were stored for periods of up to 2 years and then thermally cycled. Marginal leakage was subsequently demonstrated using a radioactive isotope containing 45Ca, and an auto-radiographic technique. Image analysis was used to determine the total amount of linear leakage for each specimen. The results showed that some leakage occurred for all materials at each time interval. The bevelled design of cavity allowed significantly less leakage than the unbevelled cavity. Overall, there was little difference between the various dentine bonding agents. The glass ionomer restorations showed significantly less leakage than the composite resin and dentine bonding agent combinations in unbevelled cavities.

Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Leakage; Dental Polishing; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Urethane

The aim of this study was to microscopically evaluate the effect of dentine smear layer thickness, tubular orientation and immediate stress application on a modern dentine bonding agent. Eighty mesial and distal wedge-shaped cavities were cut into dentine/cementum cervically in 40 extracted human lower third molars. The thickness of the dentine smear layer was reduced by polishing the cavity surface in half the samples. Each component of the bonding agent (Syntac: Ivoclar Vivadent) was labelled with a fluorescent dye, the unfilled resin being light cured for 30 s with the composite restoration placed in one increment and light cured for 40 s. The samples were longitudinally sectioned using a slow speed diamond saw underwater, either immediately or 24 h post placement. The sectioned surfaces were then viewed using a confocal optical microscope. The thickness of the smeared layer only effected the penetration of adhesive in dentine tubules which were separated from the pulp chamber by the cavity design. These areas were well filled with adhesive; however, areas communicating with the pulp chamber showed no penetration differences due to smear layer reduction by polishing. The interdependence of the adhesive components was illustrated by failure to achieve a well-impregnated tooth/adhesive hybrid layer when the materials were incorrectly handled. The Syntac/dentine interface was generally able to withstand the stress of sectioning immediately post placement, but showed signs of failure in the cavity line angle when the applied stresses were greatly increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Materials Testing; Polyurethanes; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement; Smear Layer; Surface Properties

The adaptation and sealing ability of a light-cured glass ionomer cement when used as a retrograde root filling was assessed using a confocal optical microscope with and without a fluorescent dye. This material was compared with a conventional glass ionomer cement and amalgam. The root canals of 60 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. All the teeth were apicected, retrograde cavities were prepared, and then divided into three groups of 20 teeth each and filled with the test materials. The light-cured glass ionomer cement was well adapted to the retrograde cavity and apicected root surface. Within the retrograde cavity the cement was often well adapted to one wall, but gaps were found on the opposite cavity wall. This was probably caused by the polymerization contraction of the material. In contrast, the amalgam retrograde root fillings were poorly adapted to the cavities, with gaps between the cavity walls and amalgam. This group exhibited the poorest sealing ability as measured by the extent of dye penetration. The conventional glass ionomer cement was often found smeared over the root face, and there were unfilled voids at the base of some retrograde cavities. The results of the dye leakage study were analysed statistically. The sealing ability of the light-cured glass ionomer cement was significantly better than that of amalgam (P less than 0.001). The dye penetration around the light-cured glass ionomer cement and the conventional glass ionomer cement was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). However, the sealing ability of the conventional glass ionomer cement was significantly better than that of amalgam (P less than 0.05).

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Dental Alloys; Dental Leakage; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Retrograde Obturation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement

The object of this investigation was to assess the degree of marginal leakage around V-shaped cervical glass-ionomer cement restorations and compare it to that around composite resin restorations. Three different glass-ionomer cements and one composite resin control were assessed by means of dye penetration. Severe microleakage at the occlusal margins was found in 70% of the glass-ionomer cement restorations, but in only 10% of the composite resin restorations. A considerable amount of dye penetration was observed at the cervical margins of all restorations, including the controls. None of the glass-ionomer cements tested showed superiority in preventing marginal leakage occlusally or gingivally.

Topics: Bicuspid; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Composite Resins; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Maleates; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement

The aim of this study was to compare the effects upon marginal leakage of a number of dentine bonding agents: Gluma, Scotchbond, Topaz and an experimental material when used with a posterior composite resin, Occlusin. The results were also compared with composite used without a dentine bonding agent and with a glass ionomer, Chemfil II. Class V cavities with or without a bevelled cavo-surface margin were prepared in the buccal surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. Following restoration, the teeth were stored for periods of up to 3 months and then thermally cycled. Marginal leakage was subsequently determined using a radioactive isotope containing 45Ca, and an autoradiographic technique. Image analysis was used to determine the total amount of linear leakage for each specimen. The results showed that some leakage occurred for all materials at each time interval. The bevelled design of cavity allowed significantly less leakage than the non-bevelled type. The use of dentine bonding agents did not improve the marginal seal of the composite restorations, and the glass ionomer restorations showed significantly less leakage than the composite resin and dentine bonding agent combinations.

Topics: Adhesives; Calcium Radioisotopes; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Glass Ionomer Cements; Glutaral; Humans; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Urethane

Radioactive 14C sucrose was found to be an ideal marker for microleakage because it did not penetrate tooth tissue, dental cement, or mounting resin. The main finding is that the adhesive cements--the glass-ionomer and polycarboxylate--are significantly more effective at preventing microleakage than are the traditional phosphate cements--silicate and zinc phosphate. The differences can be as high as two orders of magnitude. The adhesive cements provide almost perfect and reliable seals. By contrast, the nonadhesive cements are erratic sealants with most of the restorations leaking.

Topics: Carbon Radioisotopes; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dental Leakage; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Diffusion; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Polycarboxylate Cement; Silicate Cement; Sucrose; Time Factors; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Glass Ionomer Cements; Macaca fascicularis; Magnesium Oxide; Polycarboxylate Cement; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicate Cement; Temperature