silicate-cement and Dental-Caries

Clear differences exist in the fluoride release characteristics and setting reactions of glass-ionomer cements and compomers. Differences in decay inhibition associated with specific materials are less clear. Furthermore, resin added to glass ionomer cement formulations and acids added to composite resins make it difficult to distinguish composite resins from compomers and glass ionomer cements, all of which have reported fluoride release. Optimal fluoride release from a dental restorative depends on several conditions, including oral flora, saliva, diet, mineral content of the dental tissues, and marginal seal of the restoration. Presently, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that materials which behave similarly to silicate cements in their setting reactions and hydration characteristics will behave as decay-inhibiting restoratives. Until optimal fluoride release from dental restoratives can be quantified, dental clinicians are encouraged to consider clinical outcomes as the best test for decay inhibition. Nearly a century of clinical findings support the anticariogenicity of silicate cements. This article reviews fluoride release and anticariogenicity of restorative materials using silicate cement as a model with a well-defined mechanism for preventing secondary caries. The behavior of newer materials is compared to silicate cement for predicting decay inhibition.

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicate Cement; Tooth Remineralization; Water

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Sulfate; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Impression Materials; Dental Leakage; Dental Materials; Denture Bases; Fluorides; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Models, Dental; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resins, Synthetic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Air Pressure; Animals; Bacteria; Coloring Agents; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Neutron Activation Analysis; Radioisotopes; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Temperature

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Denture, Partial; Humans; Inlays; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Absorption; Adhesiveness; American Dental Association; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Composite Resins; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Stress Analysis; Elasticity; Fluorides; Methods; Radiochemistry; Silicate Cement; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics; Tooth; Tooth Abrasion; United States; Water

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adolescent; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; DMF Index; Fluorides; Humans; Permeability; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Silicate Cement

To evaluate the clinical results of ceramic optimized polymer (Targis) posterior inlays.. 345 type I cavities were divided into two groups: 170 in Targis inlays group (42 premolars and 128 molars) and 175 in control group (composite resin inlays, 45 premolars and 130 molars). The clinical effects of Targis inlays and composite resin inlays in posterior teeth were compared in marginal discoloration, marginal adaption, secondary caries, anatomic shape integrity, fractures of tooth and color match 3 years later. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test.. 3 years after treatment, 166 Targis inlays were followed up, 2 had marginal discoloration, 158 had good marginal adaption, 162 had anatomic shape integrity, 1 had secondary caries, 161 had color match, and 5 had fractures of teeth. 169 composite resin inlays were followed up, 27 had marginal discoloration, 134 had good marginal adaption, 150 had anatomic shape integrity, 20 had secondary caries, 164 had color match,5 had fractures of teeth. The marginal discoloration, marginal adaption, secondary caries, anatomic shape integrity of Targis inlays were better than that of composite resin inlays (P < 0.05), but fractures of teeth was not different between inlays in the two group (P > 0.05).. Targis posterior inlays is a good newly developed prosthesis.

Topics: Bicuspid; Ceramics; Color; Composite Resins; Dental Caries; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Porcelain; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Inlays; Molar; Polymers; Silicate Cement; Tooth Fractures

Topics: Color; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Silicate Cement; Time Factors

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gold Alloys; Humans; Silicate Cement; Time Factors

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adolescent; Bicuspid; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Molar; Silicate Cement; Tissue Adhesives

Tools and techniques are available to oral care providers that have been found to be effective in reversing and controlling the caries process. In addition to fluoride, these tools include new remineralization therapies that can be incorporated into solutions, creams, and dentifrices, and bioactive restorative materials that work effectively with dental hard tissues. By incorporating such "proactive interventions" into their practice and educating patients on maintaining a daily oral hygiene regimen, clinicians can inhibit the multifactorial disease process of demineralization and caries before more extensive treatment becomes necessary.

Topics: Calcium Compounds; Calcium Phosphates; Cariostatic Agents; Caseins; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Glass; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oral Hygiene; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Tooth Remineralization; Xylitol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of direct resin composite restorations (Tetric Ceram-TC) and indirect composite inlays (Targis-TG) after 12 months.. Seventy-six Class I and II restorations (44 direct and 32 indirect) were inserted in premolars and molars with carious lesions or deficient restorations in 30 healthy patients according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each restoration was evaluated at baseline and after 12 months according to the modified USPHS criteria for color match (CM), marginal discoloration (MD), secondary caries (SC), anatomic form (AF), surface texture (ST), marginal integrity (MI), and pulp sensitivity (PS). Data were analyzed by Fisher and McNemar Chi-square tests.. No secondary caries and no pulpal sensitivity were observed after 12 months. However, significant changes in marginal discoloration (MD) criteria could be detected between baseline and one-year results for both materials (p<0.05). For marginal integrity (MI) criteria, the differences between baseline and one-year recall were statistically significant (p<0.05). For marginal integrity (MI) criteria, Tetric Ceram (TC) showed results statistically superior to Targis (TG) in both observation periods (p<0.05). No statistically significant changes in color match (CM), anatomic form (AF), or surface texture (ST) appeared during the observation periods (p>0.05).. BDirect resin composite restorations performed better than indirect composite inlays for marginal integrity, but all restorations were judged to be clinically acceptable.. Tetric Ceram direct restorations and Targis indirect inlays in posterior teeth provide satisfactory clinical performance and the comparison between them showed little difference after one year.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bicuspid; Color; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Inlays; Male; Materials Testing; Middle Aged; Molar; Recurrence; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Young Adult

Pulp capping in carious teeth has been considered unpredictable and therefore contraindicated. A recently developed material, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), resists bacterial leakage and may provide protection for the pulp, allowing repair and continued pulp vitality in teeth when used in combination with a sealed restoration.. Forty patients aged 7 to 45 years accepted pulp-capping treatment when they received a diagnosis no more severe than reversible pulpitis after undergoing cold testing and radiographic examination. The primary author removed caries using a caries detector dye and sodium hypochlorite solution for hemostasis and placed MTA over the exposures and all surrounding dentin. The operator then restored the teeth provisionally with unbonded Clearfil Photocore (Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan). During a second visit, the operator restored the teeth with bonded composite after sensibility testing and confirmed MTA curing. At recall appointments, patients were evaluated for reparative dentin formation, pulpal calcification, continued normal root development and evidence of pathosis.. Over an observation period of nine years, the authors followed 49 of 53 teeth and found that 97.96 percent had favorable outcomes on the basis of radiographic appearance, subjective symptoms and cold testing. All teeth in younger patients (15/15) that initially had open apexes showed completed root formation (apexogenesis).. MTA can be a reliable pulp-capping material on direct carious exposures in permanent teeth when a two-visit treatment protocol is observed.. Vital pulp therapy using MTA is a treatment option for teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin, Secondary; Drug Combinations; Hemostatics; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Life Tables; Middle Aged; Oxides; Pulpitis; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Sodium Hypochlorite; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Anodontia; Bicuspid; Dental Abutments; Dental Alloys; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Restoration, Temporary; Dental Veneers; Denture Design; Denture, Partial, Fixed; Denture, Partial, Temporary; Gingivoplasty; Glass; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Incisor; Male; Patient Care Planning; Silicate Cement; Tooth Discoloration

Cervical abrasion/erosion lesions were restored without any form of mechanical cavity preparation with an anhydrous glass ionomer cement. To study the effect of dentin pretreatment on the bonding between dentin and glass ionomer cement three cleaning methods were tested: 1) mechanical cleaning with a prophylaxis paste, 2) scrubbing with a surface active cavity cleanser (Tubulicid) for 60 seconds, or 3) a 10-15 s application of a 40% polyacrylic acid solution. During a 3-yr period, 193 restorations were evaluated every 6 months. Cumulative loss rates after 3 yr were 11.6%, 12.3%, and 17.9% respectively. One restoration showed secondary caries during the evaluation period.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chlorhexidine; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Equipment Failure; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion; Toothpastes

Serial sections of 36 human teeth with minor to medium-sized carious lesions, adequate sections from previous studies of artificial lesions adjacent to fillings of amalgam (AM), silicate cement (SI) and glass ionomer cement (GI) were studied by ordinary light microscopy and microradiography. Six artificial primary root lesions were included. In carious lesions, dentin columns were visible in the demineralization zone and partly also in the translucent/radiopaque zone. A typical feature of the artificial lesions adjacent to SI fillings was highly radiopaque columns alternating with radiolucent ones. In the GI group such columns were seen at the cavity wall and the advancing front of the outer lesion. In the AM group dark columns were unveiled as pegs in the latter localization. The findings led to the assumption that the dark columns of intact dentin are preferred pathways of acid diffusion in artificial and, possibly, carious lesions. Increased radiopacity of columns in the SI and GI groups is explained by continued exposure of the tooth surface to fluoride dissolved from these fluoride-rich filling materials.

Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Microradiography; Silicate Cement; Silver; Tooth Demineralization

The purpose of the study was assessment of the development of secondary caries in relation to filling type in various classes of carietic dental tissue defects. The study was carried out in 320 patients aged 16 to 55 years and 3884 teeth were examined. Out of this material 2423 teeth were filled: with amalgam--853, with silica cement--1197, with composites--373. Secondary caries was found in 1341 teeth (56.34%). In teeth filled with amalgam in classes I and II of carietic defect in women secondary caries was noted in 27.26% and 47.73% of cases respectively. In case of composite filling secondary caries was found in 72.12% and 81.82% of fillings. In class III of carietic defects in women with fillings with composite materials secondary caries developed in 48.8%, and after filling with silica preparations in 55%. In class IV secondary caries was present at 45% of composite fillings and 77.78% of silica cement fillings. In class V secondary caries was found at 11.42% of amalgam fillings and 36.67% of composite fillings, and in 45% at silica cement fillings. Similar values were found in men.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adult; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Silicate Cement

A survey has been made of the reasons for placement and replacement of 883 resin restorations in Denmark. In patients more than 16 years of age 39% of all restorations were made because of primary caries, and 61% were replacements of failed restorations. In primary teeth 63% and in permanent teeth of children 65% of the restorations were made because of primary caries. The reasons for replacement of restorations were dependent on dentition, age of the patient, and type of restoration. Secondary caries, loss of fillings, and marginal discrepancies were the most frequently recorded reasons for replacement of failed resin restorations. The age of the restorations replaced ranged from 0 to 15 years, and half of the replaced resin restorations in adults were just over 6 years old. In permanent teeth in children half of the failed restorations were replaced within 2 years, whereas half of those in primary teeth were replaced within 1 year. Information on a selected material of old silicate cement restorations in adults showed that two-thirds of these were replaced owing to marginal discrepancies and lost fillings.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Composite Resins; Denmark; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Recurrence; Silicate Cement; Time Factors; Tooth, Deciduous

We investigated the development of artificial caries lesions adjacent to experimental composite resins which release fluoride by ion exchange. Overall, compared with both a commercial, non-fluoride composite and a restorative silicate cement, the cavity walls and tooth surfaces immediately adjacent to the experimental resins developed fewer and/or smaller lesions. When lesions did develop, they did not penetrate as far along the cavity walls adjacent to the experimental materials. In general, the degree of protection imparted by the fluoride composites increased with increasing fluoride content. These results demonstrate the potential of these adhesive resins for restorative and other dental applications in which an extended fluoride presence would be of benefit.

Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Fluorides; Humans; Ion Exchange Resins; Silicate Cement

Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicate Cement; Tooth Root; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

In a previous study enamel fluoride uptake from fluoride-containing orthodontic cements was evaluated after a 21-day period. The enamel fluoride uptake from a zinc phosphate cement (A), a zinc phosphate cement containing 5 per cent stannous fluoride by weight (B), and a silicophosphate cement (C) was compared. The results indicated that there was a net loss of fluoride from enamel beneath the orthodontic bands cemented with A while the enamel beneath B and C acquired significant amounts of fluoride. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate enamel fluoride uptake after 12 weeks and the effect of the fluoride uptake or loss by the enamel on acid resistance. Five teeth each had bands cemented with cements A, B and C, respectively, and were individually suspended in synthetic saliva for 12 weeks at 37 degrees C. Following this period the bands were removed, the cements were carefully cleaned off the teeth, and the crowns of the teeth were individually suspended in a lactic acid buffer at pH 4 for 4 weeks. Each tooth crown was then sectioned longitudinally and examined microradiographically to study the degree of enamel demineralization. Characteristic subsurface enamel carieslike lesions were noted on all the specimens studied. The carieslike lesions in the enamel exposed to the fluoride-containing cements were considerably reduced. The enamel which had acquired fluoride from the fluoride-containing cements was apparently more resistant to artificial caries attack.

Topics: Acids; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Humans; Silicate Cement; Time Factors; Tin Fluorides; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Poland; Recurrence; Silicate Cement; Urban Population

This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro enamel fluoride uptake and distribution from fluoride-containing orthodontic cements after 21 days' exposure and the effect on acid demineralization. Three successive acid-etch biopsy specimens were taken from tne facial middle third of thirty maxillary central incisors. Orthodontic bands were cemented to these teeth, ten each with (A) zinc phosphate, (B) zinc phosphate containing 5 percent SnF2, and (C) silicophosphate cement, respectively. The teeth were suspended individually in synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C. in a shaking incubator for 21 days. The bands were removed, the cement was cleaned off, and three successive biopsies were carried out electrometrically and for calcium by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Fluoride concentrations were adjusted to depths of 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 micron for the three biopsies, respectively. The acquired fluoride was calculated and the data were analyzed statistically. In addition, six teeth each with bands cemented with cements A, B, and C, respectively, were incubated in synthetic saliva for 21 days, after which the bands were loosened and the teeth were suspended for a further 3 months in a caries-producing medium. After careful cleaning, the enamel surfaces were examined by microradiography and scanning electron microscopy for demineralization. Results showed that acquired fluoride at the first depth was highest with cement C, followed by cement B, with cement A producing a net loss of fluoride. Further, the greater the fluoride uptake, the more resistant the enamel was to demineralization.

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Saliva; Silicate Cement; Tin Fluorides; Zinc Phosphate Cement

This study aimed to compare the fluoride release from a fluoride-containing amalgam, a silicate cement and a glass ionomer cement in artificial saliva. After storing specimens in an artificial saliva for 7 weeks, the fluoride content in the solvent was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The fluoride release from silicate cement was about 5 times greater than from glass ionomer cement, which again showed a release 4 times greater than the fluoride-containing amalgam. The fluoride release relative to fluoride content in test specimens was greater from fluoride-containing amalgam and silicate cement than from glass ionomer cement.

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cements; Fluorides; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Saliva; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Poland; Silicate Cement

Class V cavities were prepared at the amelo-cementum junction in sixty-eight extracted human teeth. Fifty-one were filled with glass ionomer cement (ASPA). 'Secondary carious' lesions were produced around thirty-five of the restorations by exposure to acidified gelatin. Thirty-three teeth served as controls of the effect of the preparation procedure, the conditioner, the ASPA liquid and the filling material proper on the cavity walls. Sixty 120 micrometers-thick longitudinal sections from the teeth with the restorations in situ were studied by polarized light microscopy and microradiography. The glass ionomer cement caused by itself a narrow zone of increased radiopacity in the dentine cavity wall. The 'secondary caries' pattern consisted of a subsurface outer lesion and a subsurface wall lesion as observed previously in corresponding experiments with silicate fillings. Outer lesions in enamel were more frequent than with silicate cement. In the cementum all the experimental teeth showed outer lesions. The wall lesions extended only slightly beyond the level of erosion of the restorations. Between the wall lesions (in dentine) or outer lesions (in cementum/dentine) and the surface of the cavity wall, a zone of increased radiopacity was found, assumed to be due to reprecipitation of Ca and P promoted by release of fluoride from the filling material.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Citrates; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicate Cement

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Humans; Polycarboxylate Cement; Pulpitis; Silicate Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

The therapeutic possibilities of conservative and prosthetic rehabilitation procedures are set out in this survey. In particular the aim was to find out whether these are suitable for retaining functional dentition into old age. The anatomical characteristics (Figs. 1 and 3) and secondary dysgnathic alterations of the dentition in the period of senescence make dental therapy considerably more difficult. The tooth-coloured filling materials do not behave as permanently in the mouth as could be wished. They are unsuitable for use in posterior teeth, and are in urgent need of improvement. The amalgam filling should still be regarded as the agent of choice for treatment of the cheek teeth, although cast precious metal inlays have been successful over a long period of time (Fig. 6). Too little use is made of veneer crowns in the anterior area with increasing age (Fig. 7), although the prospect of long term success is good. It was possible to establish statistically that tooth-coloured plastics are inferior to ceramic and metal ceramic crowns because of the greater retention of plaque. Ceramic should accordingly be preferred even with bridges in the anterior area. The replacement of missing teeth with removable partial dentures is the typical method of dental treatment for the period of senescence (Figs. 10-12). An attempt was made by bringing together various principles of planning and construction to lay down guidelines for dentures in older patients. With prosthetic care the fact that there are large differences in the physical and mental vitality of the older person, and that vitality frequently decreases rapidly for the most varied reasons, should not be overlooked. Even at this stage dentures should still prove functional.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Composite Resins; Crowns; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Denture, Partial; Denture, Partial, Removable; Dentures; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Rehabilitation; Silicate Cement; Tooth

Secondary caries associated with silicate fillings is characterized by lesions at the tooth surface and lesions of the cavity wall. The mineral content of the cavity wall lesions and the penetration of elements originating from the silicate fillings were studied in experimental in vitro and in vivo lesions as well as in natural carious lesions. Dentine wall lesions, where microradiographs had shown increased radiopacity relative to intact tissue, exhibited increased Ca and P values. Elements derived from the silicate fillings were regularly found in enamel and dentine. The concentrations of fluorine (F) and of zinc (Zn) amounted to 2-3% by weight close to the cavity wall and decreased gradually to less than 0.1% at depths of 600 mum and 400 mum, respectively, from the cavity. Aluminum (Al) most often occurred in a 20-40 mum-wide zone, showing a maximum concentration of 2-3% near the cavity. Sulfur (S) was often present in the dentinal cavity walls of natural secondary caries, but not in the in vitro specimens. The findings indicate that F released from the silicate filling significantly modifies the progress of a carious lesion in the adjacent enamel and dentine. Through its tendency to form complexes with F, Al may possibly enhance the cariostatic effect of F.

Topics: Aluminum; Calcium; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Fluorides; Phosphorus; Silicate Cement; Zinc

On the basis of epidemiologic studies on 10 106 sugjects from the population of the town of Rostock, the authors deal with the frequency of filled tooth areas and their affection by secondary caries with special regard to filling materials (silver-tin amalgam, silicate cement, inlay). The low frequency of secondary caries in tooth areas restored by means of inlays is noteworthy. Finally, the authors give recommendations for practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; DMF Index; Germany, East; Humans; Inlays; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement; Silver; Time Factors; Tin

In carious lesions adjacent to silicate or amalgam restorations outer lesions of the cementum showed the same content and distribution of Ca, P, Mg, and S as did primary lesions in this area, but differed from these in having an increased content of Zn, Al, and probably F (silicate cases) and Zn, Sn, and Cu (amalgam cases). The cementum walls showed an uptake of ions largely similar to that previously described in dentinal walls.

Topics: Aluminum; Calcium; Copper; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cementum; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Elements; Magnesium; Phosphorus; Silicate Cement; Sulfur; Tin; Tooth Root; Zinc

Topics: Adult; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Humans; Middle Aged; Periapical Tissue; Radiography; Silicate Cement

A survey is given of present knowledge of different methods of fluoride administration with emphasis on practical measures of proved value for orthodontic patients. The review covers different F administration procedures by dental personnel and self-application and includes the use of prophylaxis pastes, topical solutions, gels, mouth rinses, dentifrices, tablets, cements, coatings, varnishes, etc. Some recommendations are given as to optimal programs in orthodontic practice based upon evaluations of clinical effectiveness, safety and ease of application. Some caries reduction has been obtained from professional application of F prophylaxis pastes, but F pastes cannot replace topical F application. Treatment with F gels or solutions preceded by thorough cleaning and drying of the teeth is advocated before the placement of appliances and at recementations. Because F solutions are tedious to apply, and not more effective than F gels, the latter are preferable. APF gel application is suited in conjunction with impression taking. Daily self-application of SnF2 gels undoubtedly is effective in reducing caries in orthodontic patients. However, daily NaF or APF mouth rinses may have the dual effect of caries inhibition and stimulating hygiene interest and are more thoroughly tested. In addition to the other forms of F administration, a F dentifrice should be used regularly. Daily F application is appropriate also for orthodontic patients in fluoridated areas. In vitro studies with F cements indicate a great F uptake by the enamel, but controlled, long-term clinical studies are lacking. Also the final judgment of a number of new coating techniques and F varnishes must await further clinical testing, although a beneficial effect of F sealing in orthodontic patients is substantiated. In conclusion, APF gel application before insertion of appliances and at regular recementations plus daily rinsing with dilute NaF or APF solutions throughout the periods of treatment and retention plus the regular use of a F dentifrice is recommended as a routine procedure for all orthodontic patients.

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Dental Cements; Dental Prophylaxis; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Gels; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oils; Orthodontics, Corrective; Paint; Phosphates; Silicate Cement; Sodium; Tablets; Tin

Topics: Acids; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Gelatin; Humans; Silicate Cement

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Humans; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adhesiveness; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gold Alloys; Humans; Inlays; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Recurrence; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; DMF Index; Humans; Incisor; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Health Surveys; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Middle Aged; Military Dentistry; Recurrence; Silicate Cement; United States

Topics: Bicuspid; Ceramics; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Incisor; Inlays; Molar; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Fluorenes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microradiography; Microscopy, Polarization; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Methods; Molar; Phosphates; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Silicate Cement

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Silicate Cement; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Acrylates; Composite Resins; Copper; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Drug Hypersensitivity; Histocompatibility; Humans; Phosphates; Plastics; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Topics: Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Silicate Cement; Solubility

Topics: Dental Caries; Dentistry; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Health Surveys; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Germany, East; Humans; Inlays; Male; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Horse Diseases; Horses; Silicate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Middle Aged; Periapical Abscess; Root Canal Therapy; Silicate Cement

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Silicate Cement; Solubility; Time Factors; Water

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dentin Solubility; Dentin, Secondary; Dentition; Humans; Silicate Cement; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gold; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Inlays; Middle Aged; Silicate Cement

Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentistry; Silicate Cement

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dental Caries; Drug Synergism; Female; Fluorides; Male; Rats; Silicate Cement; Sodium; Zinc

Topics: Aging; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Restoration, Temporary; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Dentin, Secondary; Dentinogenesis; Gold; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Pharmacology; Silicate Cement; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Humans; Plastics; Silicate Cement

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Copper; Dental Amalgam; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicate Cement; Silicates; Silver

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Humans; Silicate Cement; Silicates