shogaol and Osteoarthritis

Ginger has long been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat osteoarthritis. Indeed, scientific research has reported that ginger derivatives (GDs) have the potential to control innate immune responses. Given the widespread use and demonstrated properties of GDs, we set out to study their anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic properties in chondrocytes.. 6-shogaol (6-S), the most active GD, was obtained from ginger. 6-S was not toxic as measured by MTT assay, and inhibited NO production and IL-6 and MCP-1 induced gene expression in LPSbut not in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. 6-S also inhibited LPS-mediated ERK1/2 activation as well as NOS2 and MyD88 induced expression as determined by Western blot. Moreover, zymography revealed that 6-S inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2/9 induction in LPS-treated cells. Hydrated 6-S was modified to obtain a compound (SSi6) without 6-S potential anti-inflammatory properties. Both 6-S and SSi6 inhibited cathepsin-K activity.. 6-S blocked TLR4-mediated innate immune responses and MMP induction in chondrocytes. These results, together with GDs-mediated cathepsin-K inhibition, suggest the potential for GDs use against cartilage and bone degradation. Therefore, considering that clinical trials involving oral administration of ginger achieved relevant nontoxic GDs serum concentrations, we suggest that a ginger-supplemented diet might reduce OA symptoms.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Catechols; Cathepsin K; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Chondrocytes; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Osteoarthritis; Plant Extracts; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Zingiber officinale