serine and Parkinson Disease studies

Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.
serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.

Parkinson Disease: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Lewy bodies are found in Parkinson disease and related disorders and are extensively phosphorylated at Ser-129 (S129), but whether S129 phosphorylation mediates alpha-synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity has been controversial."	7.75	Alpha-synuclein S129 phosphorylation mutants do not alter nigrostriatal toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson disease. ( Fan, Z; Feany, MB; Hyman, BT; McFarland, NR; McLean, PJ; Schwarzschild, MA; Xu, K, 2009)
"Studies have shown that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) deposited in Lewy bodies in brain tissue from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is extensively phosphorylated at Ser-129."	7.74	The phosphorylation state of Ser-129 in human alpha-synuclein determines neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease. ( Chen, W; Gorbatyuk, OS; Kondrikova, G; Li, S; Mandel, RJ; Manfredsson, FP; Muzyczka, N; Sullivan, LF, 2008)
"Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized pathologically by inclusions in the brain containing alpha-synuclein, which is phosphorylated at serine 129."	7.73	alpha-synuclein from platelets is not phosphorylated at serine 129 in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. ( Barrett, JM; Fontaine, D; Shults, CW, 2006)
"Three point mutations (A30P, E46K, and A53T) as well as gene triplication genetically link the 140-residue protein alpha-synuclein (aS) to the development of Parkinson disease."	7.73	Comparison of structure and dynamics of micelle-bound human alpha-synuclein and Parkinson disease variants. ( Bax, A; Ulmer, TS, 2005)
"While PHGDH is often overexpressed in cancer cells, how it is regulated has been unclear."	5.56	Parkin on serine: a Parkinson disease gene suppresses serine synthesis in cancer. ( Dalton, WB, 2020)
"α-Synuclein (α-syn) phosphorylation at serine 129 (pS129–α-syn) is substantially increased in Lewy body disease, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)."	4.12	α-Synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 occurs after initial protein deposition and inhibits seeded fibril formation and toxicity. ( Abdi, IY; Ardah, MT; Attems, J; Carloni, P; Dorn, A; El-Agnaf, OMA; Erskine, D; Fayyad, M; Ghanem, SS; Jensen, NM; Jensen, PH; Majbour, NK; McKeith, I; Melachroinou, K; Outeiro, TF; Poggiolini, I; Santos, P; Sudhakaran, IP; Vaikath, NN; Vasili, E; Vekrellis, K, 2022)
"Although trace levels of phosphorylated α-synuclein (α-syn) are detectable in normal brains, nearly all α-syn accumulated within Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease brains is phosphorylated on serine 129 (Ser-129)."	3.83	Effects of Serine 129 Phosphorylation on α-Synuclein Aggregation, Membrane Association, and Internalization. ( Campbell, EM; Flavin, WP; Fraser, PE; Iqbal, S; Pacelli, C; Samuel, F; Sri Renganathan, SD; Tandon, A; Trudeau, LE, 2016)
"Increasing evidence suggests that phosphorylation may play an important role in the oligomerization, fibrillogenesis, Lewy body (LB) formation, and neurotoxicity of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) in Parkinson disease."	3.76	Phosphorylation at S87 is enhanced in synucleinopathies, inhibits alpha-synuclein oligomerization, and influences synuclein-membrane interactions. ( Aebischer, P; Chegini, F; Chiappe, D; Eliezer, D; Fernandez, CO; Gai, WP; Kim, HY; Lamberto, GR; Lashuel, HA; Masliah, E; Moniatte, M; Oueslati, A; Paleologou, KE; Rospigliosi, CC; Schmid, A; Schneider, BL; Shakked, G; Zweckstetter, M, 2010)
"Alpha-synuclein (a-Syn), a protein implicated in Parkinson disease, contributes significantly to dopamine metabolism."	3.76	Serine 129 phosphorylation reduces the ability of alpha-synuclein to regulate tyrosine hydroxylase and protein phosphatase 2A in vitro and in vivo. ( Alerte, TN; Daubner, SC; Di Monte, DA; Friedrich, EE; Hong, CS; Lou, H; Mader, SA; Marcus, BS; McCormack, AL; Montoya, SE; Pedersen, CJ; Peng, X; Perez, RG; Wang, J; Wu, J, 2010)
"Lewy bodies are found in Parkinson disease and related disorders and are extensively phosphorylated at Ser-129 (S129), but whether S129 phosphorylation mediates alpha-synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity has been controversial."	3.75	Alpha-synuclein S129 phosphorylation mutants do not alter nigrostriatal toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson disease. ( Fan, Z; Feany, MB; Hyman, BT; McFarland, NR; McLean, PJ; Schwarzschild, MA; Xu, K, 2009)
"Mutations in the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein cause familial Parkinson disease."	3.75	Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein have opposing effects on neurotoxicity and soluble oligomer formation. ( Chen, L; Feany, MB; Hyman, BT; McLean, PJ; Negro, A; Periquet, M; Wang, X, 2009)
"Studies have shown that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) deposited in Lewy bodies in brain tissue from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is extensively phosphorylated at Ser-129."	3.74	The phosphorylation state of Ser-129 in human alpha-synuclein determines neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease. ( Chen, W; Gorbatyuk, OS; Kondrikova, G; Li, S; Mandel, RJ; Manfredsson, FP; Muzyczka, N; Sullivan, LF, 2008)
"alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) is the major component of pathologic inclusions that characterize neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy body disease, and multiple system atrophy."	3.74	Specificity and regulation of casein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein. ( Giasson, BI; Waxman, EA, 2008)
"In Parkinson disease (PD), alpha-synuclein aggregates called Lewy bodies often involve and sequester Septin4 (Sept4), a polymerizing scaffold protein."	3.74	Sept4, a component of presynaptic scaffold and Lewy bodies, is required for the suppression of alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity. ( Hagiwara, A; Hattori, N; Hikawa, R; Ihara, M; Kinoshita, M; Kitano, A; Miyakawa, T; Mori, H; Noda, M; Takanashi, M; Tanigaki, A; Tomimoto, H; Yamasaki, N, 2007)
"Three point mutations (A30P, E46K, and A53T) as well as gene triplication genetically link the 140-residue protein alpha-synuclein (aS) to the development of Parkinson disease."	3.73	Comparison of structure and dynamics of micelle-bound human alpha-synuclein and Parkinson disease variants. ( Bax, A; Ulmer, TS, 2005)
"Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized pathologically by inclusions in the brain containing alpha-synuclein, which is phosphorylated at serine 129."	3.73	alpha-synuclein from platelets is not phosphorylated at serine 129 in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. ( Barrett, JM; Fontaine, D; Shults, CW, 2006)
"Parkinsonian patients with orthostatic hypotension and dizziness due to usual antiparkinson therapy have been treated with the precursor amino-acid of noradrenaline, DL-3,4-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-3,4-threo-DOPS)."	3.66	DL-3,4-threo-DOPS in Parkinson's disease: effects on orthostatic hypotension and dizziness. ( Birkmayer, G; Birkmayer, W; Lechner, H; Riederer, P, 1983)
"The motor impairments of Parkinson's disease are caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and associated with the appearance of fibrillar aggregates of α-synuclein (α-syn) called Lewy bodies."	2.49	The role of Ser129 phosphorylation of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease: a review of in vivo models. ( Arawaka, S; Kato, T; Sato, H, 2013)
"Here, we show that Parkinson's disease-linked missense mutations in SNCA impact activity-dependent pS129."	1.91	Dynamic reversibility of α-synuclein serine-129 phosphorylation is impaired in synucleinopathy models. ( Brontesi, L; Dettmer, U; Jin, SX; Ramalingam, N; Selkoe, DJ, 2023)
"Combining multiple Parkinson's disease (PD) relevant cellular phenotypes might increase the accuracy of midbrain dopaminergic neuron (mDAN) in vitro models."	1.72	High-content phenotyping of Parkinson's disease patient stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons using machine learning classification. ( Brino, L; Brüstle, O; Cousin, L; Hanifehlou, Z; Haupt, S; Kwon, YJ; Lee, J; Ogier, A; Peitz, M; Segschneider, M; Sommer, P; Vuidel, A; Weykopf, B; Wiest-Daesslé, N; Wilbertz, JH, 2022)
"While PHGDH is often overexpressed in cancer cells, how it is regulated has been unclear."	1.56	Parkin on serine: a Parkinson disease gene suppresses serine synthesis in cancer. ( Dalton, WB, 2020)
"Parkinson's disease has become one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases."	1.56	Structural brain changes in Ser129-phosphorylated alpha-synuclein rats based on voxel-based morphometry. ( Cao, X; Chen, C; Peng, Q; Tan, Y; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zeng, W, 2020)
"Based on the multitude of genetic predispositions in PD and the incomplete penetrance of LRRK2-G2019S, we hypothesize that modifiers in the patients' genetic background act as susceptibility factors for developing PD."	1.51	Impaired serine metabolism complements LRRK2-G2019S pathogenicity in PD patients. ( Antony, PMA; Berger, E; Bolognin, S; Gérard, D; Glaab, E; Halder, R; Hankemeier, T; Harms, A; Hemmer, K; Jaeger, C; Jarazo, J; Klein, C; Lucarelli, P; Nickels, SL; Qing, X; Sauter, T; Schwamborn, JC; Sinkkonen, L; Tisserand, J; Walter, J, 2019)
"Peripheral mononuclear cells from idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients and controls were treated ex vivo with two structurally distinct inhibitors of LRRK2, at four different doses, and immunoblotting was used to assess the reduction in LRRK2 phosphorylation at Ser910, Ser935, Ser955 and Ser973."	1.43	Inhibitor treatment of peripheral mononuclear cells from Parkinson's disease patients further validates LRRK2 dephosphorylation as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. ( Dzamko, N; Halliday, GM; Perera, G; Ranola, M; Rowe, DB, 2016)
"Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy in both cortical and sub-cortical structures, yet changes in the pre-motor phase of the disease are unknown."	1.40	A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers. ( Artzi, M; Ben Bashat, D; Bloem, BR; Bressman, S; Giladi, N; Gurevich, T; Helmich, RC; Hendler, T; Jacob, Y; Marder, K; Mirelman, A; Orr-Urtreger, A; Thaler, A; van Nuenen, BF, 2014)
"As in Parkinson's disease (PD) the enteric neurons accumulate α-synuclein, and thus are showing PD-specific pathological features, we undertook the present survey to study whether the enteric glia in PD become reactive by assessing the expression and phosphorylation levels of GFAP in colonic biopsies."	1.40	Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease. ( Clairembault, T; Coron, E; Derkinderen, P; Hol, EM; Kamphuis, W; Leclair-Visonneau, L; Neunlist, M; Rolli-Derkinderen, M, 2014)
"The phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with and without leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutations reportedly is similar; however, large, uniformly evaluated series are lacking."	1.39	Parkinson disease phenotype in Ashkenazi Jews with and without LRRK2 G2019S mutations. ( Alcalay, RN; Bar Shira, A; Barrett, MJ; Bressman, S; Cabassa, J; Clark, L; Cote, L; Deik, A; Dorovski, T; Fahn, S; Ford, B; Gana Weisz, M; Giladi, N; Groves, M; Gurevich, T; Hunt, AL; Johannes, B; Levy, O; Louis, E; Lubarr, N; Marder, KS; Mazzoni, P; Mejia Santana, H; Miravite, J; Mirelman, A; Nichols, W; Orbe-Reilly, M; Orr-Urtreger, A; Ortega, R; Ozelius, L; Palmese, C; Pauciulo, M; Raymond, D; Roos, E; Rosado, L; Ruiz, D; Sachdev, R; San Luciano, M; Sarva, H; Saunders-Pullman, R; Severt, L; Shanker, V; Soto-Valencia, J; Swan, MC; Tang, MX; Thaler, A; Waters, C; Yasinovsky, K; Zalis, M, 2013)
" Strikingly, overexpression of the phosphomimic mutant S87E did not show any toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons and resulted in significantly less α-syn aggregates, dystrophic fibers, and motor impairment."	1.38	Mimicking phosphorylation at serine 87 inhibits the aggregation of human α-synuclein and protects against its toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. ( Aebischer, P; Lashuel, HA; Oueslati, A; Paleologou, KE; Schneider, BL, 2012)
"p."	1.38	LRRK2 haplotype-sharing analysis in Parkinson's disease reveals a novel p.S1761R mutation. ( Burguera, JA; Ezquerra, M; Gaig, C; Irigoyen, J; Lorenzo, E; Lorenzo-Betancor, O; Luquin, MR; Martí, MJ; Obeso, JA; Pastor, MA; Pastor, P; Perez-Tur, J; Rodríguez-Oroz, MC; Ross, OA; Samaranch, L; Soto-Ortolaza, AI; Tolosa, E; Valldeoriola, F, 2012)
"Parkinson's disease is a promising target of applying personalized medicine."	1.38	[The absence of the common LRRK2 G2019S mutation in 120 young onset Hungarian Parkinon's disease patients]. ( Balicza, P; Balogh, I; Bereznai, B; Dibó, G; Hidasi, E; Klivényi, P; Molnár, MJ; Takáts, A, 2012)
"While Parkinson's disease (PD) phenotype in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2)-associated and sporadic PD seems similar, there is paucity of data on the possible effect of mutations in LRRK2 on response to and complications of dopaminergic therapy."	1.38	Dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: effect of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. ( Cohen, OS; Friedman, E; Hassin-Baer, S; Inzelberg, R; Kaplan, N; Korczyn, AD; Kozlova, E; Rosset, S; Vituri, A; Yahalom, G, 2012)
"UK Medical Research Council; UK Parkinson's Disease Society; UK Brain Research Trust; Internationaal Parkinson Fonds; Volkswagen Foundation; National Institutes of Health: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institute of Aging; Udall Parkinson's Disease Centre of Excellence; Pacific Alzheimer Research Foundation Centre; Italian Telethon Foundation; Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson; Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research; Safra Global Genetics Consortium; US Department of Veterans Affairs; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche."	1.35	Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. ( Aasly, J; Berciano, J; Bhatia, KP; Bonifati, V; Bressman, S; Brice, A; Durr, A; Falchi, M; Ferreira, JJ; Gasser, T; Goldwurm, S; Healy, DG; Kay, DM; Klein, C; Lang, AE; Lees, AJ; Lynch, T; Marras, C; O'Sullivan, SS; Schapira, AH; Tolosa, E; Williams, DR; Wood, NW; Wszolek, ZK; Zabetian, CP, 2008)
"Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta."	1.35	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced oxidative stress, c-Jun phosphorylation and DNA fragmentation factor-45 cleavage in SK-N-SH cells are averted by selegiline. ( Chetsawang, B; Ebadi, M; Govitrapong, P; Kooncumchoo, P, 2008)
"The mean age at onset for parkinsonism was 60 years, range 30-79 years; fewer than 20% of the patients had symptoms before the age 50 years, while by 75 years >90% of them had developed symptoms."	1.35	Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease. ( Benecke, R; Berg, D; Bonifati, V; Brown, L; Cras, P; De Deyn, PP; Engelborghs, S; Farrer, MJ; Foroud, T; Gaig, C; Gasser, T; Gibson, JM; Goldwurm, S; Guidi, M; Hagenah, J; Haugarvoll, K; Kachergus, JM; Klein, C; Nichols, WC; Nuytemans, K; Pals, P; Pickut, B; Rademakers, R; Riboldazzi, G; Ross, OA; Samii, A; Tan, EK; Theuns, J; Tolosa, E; Uitti, RJ; Van Broeckhoven, C; Walter, U; Wszolek, ZK; Zabetian, CP, 2008)
" Comparisons between individuals with heterozygous and homozygous LRRK2 mutations suggested that gene dosage was not correlated with phenotypic differences; however, the estimated penetrance was greater in homozygotes across all age groups."	1.34	Screening for Lrrk2 G2019S and clinical comparison of Tunisian and North American Caucasian Parkinson's disease families. ( Akkari, PA; Amouri, R; Ben Sassi, S; Ben Yahmed, S; Burn, DJ; El Euch-Fayeche, G; Elango, R; Freeman, A; Gibson, RA; Gouider-Khouja, N; Hattori, N; Hentati, F; Hunter, C; Ishihara, L; Jankovic, J; Kefi, M; Leppert, D; Lyons, K; Middleton, L; Nance, M; Pahwa, R; Ragone, L; Reeves, KH; Surh, L; Swartz, JE; Thomas, S; Warren, L; Watts, RL; Wielinski, C; Zouari, M, 2007)
"All individuals were recruited from two Parkinson's disease clinics in Canada."	1.33	Translated mutation in the Nurr1 gene as a cause for Parkinson's disease. ( Bulman, DE; Grimes, DA; Han, F; Panisset, M; Racacho, L; Westaff, K; Xiao, F; Zou, R, 2006)
"Parkinson disease related to LRRK2 is characterized by typical clinical features, and the similarities between patients with homozygous and heterozygous mutations do not support a gene dosage effect."	1.33	Clinical features of Parkinson disease patients with homozygous leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S mutations. ( Amouri, R; Brice, A; Dürr, A; Farrer, MJ; Foroud, TM; Gibson, R; Griffith, A; Hattori, N; Hentati, F; Ishihara, L; Leppert, D; Lesage, S; Middleton, L; Nichols, WC; Tazir, M; Uitti, RJ; Warren, L; Watts, R; Wszolek, ZK; Zabetian, CP, 2006)
"A total of 956 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) from 430 multiplex PD pedigrees were screened for 12 previously reported, pathogenic LRRK2 mutations: R793M, L1114L, I1371V, R1441C, R1441G, R1441H, Y1699C, M1869T, I2012T, I2020T, G2385R, and IVS31 +3G > A."	1.33	Mutations in LRRK2 other than G2019S are rare in a north American-based sample of familial Parkinson's disease. ( Elsaesser, VE; Foroud, T; Halter, CA; Marek, DK; Nichols, WC; Pankratz, N; Pauciulo, MW; Rudolph, A; Shults, CW, 2006)
"A 77-year-old man with Parkinson's disease of long standing, under treatment with L-DOPA and benserazide, was administered DL-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-threo-DOPS), a precursor of norepinephrine, for 10 days."	1.27	Improvement in freezing phenomenon of Parkinson's disease after DL-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine. ( Kuroda, H; Nukina, I; Ogawa, N; Ota, Z; Yamamoto, M, 1984)
" The mean, hemispheric and regional CBF was unaffected by the chronic administration of L-DOPS."	1.27	Effect of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine on regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease. ( Ujike, H; Yamamoto, M, 1988)
"This approach to Parkinson's disease is useful, safe, and at least as effective as levodopa alone."	1.25	Levodopa combined with peripheral decarboxylase inhibition in Parkinson's disease. ( Barbeau, A; Botez, MI; Joubert, M; Mars, H, 1972)

Research

Studies (198)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

306A Efficacy: Change in Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire Score (OHQ)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	27 (13.64)	18.7374
1990's	4 (2.02)	18.2507
2000's	76 (38.38)	29.6817
2010's	70 (35.35)	24.3611
2020's	21 (10.61)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Elfarrash, S	1
Jensen, NM	2
Ferreira, N	1
Schmidt, SI	1
Gregersen, E	1
Vestergaard, MV	1
Nabavi, S	1
Meyer, M	1
Jensen, PH	3
Zagare, A	1
Barmpa, K	1
Smajic, S	1
Smits, LM	1
Grzyb, K	1
Grünewald, A	2
Skupin, A	1
Nickels, SL	2
Schwamborn, JC	2
Ghanem, SS	1
Majbour, NK	1
Vaikath, NN	1
Ardah, MT	1
Erskine, D	1
Fayyad, M	1
Sudhakaran, IP	1
Vasili, E	1
Melachroinou, K	1
Abdi, IY	1
Poggiolini, I	1
Santos, P	1
Dorn, A	1
Carloni, P	1
Vekrellis, K	1
Attems, J	1
McKeith, I	1
Outeiro, TF	2
El-Agnaf, OMA	1
Bester, E	1
Petzer, A	1
Petzer, JP	1
Schwarz, L	1
Fitzgerald, JC	1
Yan, Z	1
Li, R	1
Shi, W	1
Yao, L	1
Rahimpour, A	1
Heidarzadehpilehrood, R	1
Abdollahi, S	1
Ranjbari, H	1
Shams, Z	1
Ghasemi, SA	1
Najmaei, S	1
Pirhoushiaran, M	1
Vuidel, A	1
Cousin, L	1
Weykopf, B	1
Haupt, S	1
Hanifehlou, Z	1
Wiest-Daesslé, N	1
Segschneider, M	1
Lee, J	2
Kwon, YJ	1
Peitz, M	1
Ogier, A	1
Brino, L	1
Brüstle, O	1
Sommer, P	1
Wilbertz, JH	1
Nakahara, K	3
Okuda, H	3
Isonishi, A	3
Kawabe, Y	3
Tanaka, T	3
Tatsumi, K	3
Wanaka, A	3
Zhang, Q	1
Huang, Y	3
Wu, A	1
Duan, Q	1
He, P	1
Huang, H	1
Gao, Y	1
Nie, K	1
Liu, Q	2
Wang, L	1
Di Maio, A	1
Nuzzo, T	2
Gilio, L	1
Serra, M	1
Buttari, F	1
Errico, F	2
De Rosa, A	2
Bassi, MS	1
Morelli, M	2
Sasabe, J	1
Sulzer, D	1
Carta, M	2
Centonze, D	1
Usiello, A	2
Chaturvedi, M	1
Raj, R	1
Yadav, SK	1
Srivastava, T	1
Devi, S	1
Dharmadana, D	1
Valéry, C	1
Sharma, SK	1
Kumar, D	1
Priya, S	1
Ramalingam, N	1
Brontesi, L	1
Jin, SX	1
Selkoe, DJ	1
Dettmer, U	1
Walter, J	2
Bolognin, S	1
Gérard, D	1
Jaeger, C	1
Qing, X	1
Tisserand, J	1
Jarazo, J	1
Hemmer, K	1
Harms, A	1
Halder, R	1
Lucarelli, P	1
Berger, E	1
Antony, PMA	1
Glaab, E	1
Hankemeier, T	1
Klein, C	8
Sauter, T	1
Sinkkonen, L	1
Chai, JF	1
Raichur, S	1
Khor, IW	1
Torta, F	1
Chew, WS	1
Herr, DR	1
Ching, J	1
Kovalik, JP	1
Khoo, CM	1
Wenk, MR	1
Tai, ES	1
Sim, X	1
Gui, C	1
Ren, Y	2
Chen, J	1
Wu, X	1
Mao, K	1
Li, H	1
Yu, H	1
Zou, F	1
Li, W	1
Wu, W	1
Sung, CC	1
Yu, P	1
Li, J	1
Chung, KKK	1
Dalton, WB	1
Wang, J	2
Tan, Y	1
Peng, Q	1
Zeng, W	1
Yang, X	2
Chen, C	1
Wu, Y	1
Xu, Y	1
Cao, X	1
Nirujogi, RS	1
Tonelli, F	1
Taylor, M	1
Lis, P	1
Zimprich, A	3
Sammler, E	1
Alessi, DR	5
Weston, LJ	1
Cook, ZT	1
Stackhouse, TL	1
Sal, MK	1
Schultz, BI	1
Tobias, ZJC	1
Osterberg, VR	1
Brockway, NL	1
Pizano, S	1
Glover, G	1
Weissman, TA	1
Unni, VK	1
Cerri, S	1
Ghezzi, C	1
Ongari, G	1
Croce, S	1
Avenali, M	1
Zangaglia, R	1
Di Monte, DA	3
Valente, EM	1
Blandini, F	1
Lee, AJ	1
Wang, Y	1
Alcalay, RN	3
Mejia-Santana, H	3
Saunders-Pullman, R	6
Bressman, S	6
Corvol, JC	1
Brice, A	7
Lesage, S	6
Mangone, G	1
Tolosa, E	7
Pont-Sunyer, C	2
Vilas, D	1
Schüle, B	3
Kausar, F	3
Foroud, T	4
Berg, D	2
Brockmann, K	1
Goldwurm, S	7
Siri, C	1
Asselta, R	1
Ruiz-Martinez, J	1
Mondragón, E	1
Marras, C	6
Ghate, T	3
Giladi, N	4
Mirelman, A	4
Marder, K	4
García-Sanz, P	1
Orgaz, L	1
Bueno-Gil, G	1
Espadas, I	1
Rodríguez-Traver, E	1
Kulisevsky, J	1
Gutierrez, A	1
Dávila, JC	1
González-Polo, RA	1
Fuentes, JM	1
Mir, P	1
Vicario, C	1
Moratalla, R	1
Wang, S	1
Liu, Z	1
Ye, T	1
Mabrouk, OS	1
Maltbie, T	1
Aasly, J	2
West, AB	2
Fujimoto, T	1
Kuwahara, T	1
Eguchi, T	1
Sakurai, M	1
Komori, T	1
Iwatsubo, T	4
Vermilyea, SC	1
Emborg, ME	1
El Turk, F	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
D-serine Adjuvant Treatment for Parkinson's Disease[NCT00215904]	Phase 4	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
[NCT01502384]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2012-01-31	Not yet recruiting
The DNA and Cell Bank of IFR of Neurosciences: Clinical and Genetic Study of Parkinson's Disease and Epilepsies[NCT00142363]		1,700 participants	Observational	2004-05-31	Terminated
Parkin Mutations and Their Functional Consequences[NCT00136721]		2,500 participants	Observational	2002-06-30	Active, not recruiting
A Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Clinical Effect of Droxidopa in the Treatment of Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Parkinson's Disease[NCT01176240]	Phase 3	225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"The primary efficacy endpoint for 306A is the relative mean change in Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ) composite score from baseline to end of study. The OHQ is the average of two sub-scales, the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment Scale (OHSA) and the Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale (OHDAS). Each asks the patient to rate their symptoms or disease impact over the past week. The OHSA sub-scale is the average of six items: 1) Dizziness, lightheadedness, feeling faint or feeling like you might black out; 2) Problems with vision; 3) Weakness; 4) Fatigue; 5) Trouble concentrating; and 6) Head/neck discomfort. The OHDAS sub-scale is the average of four items: 1) Standing for a short time; 2) Standing for a long time; 3) Walking for a short time; and 4) Walking for a long time. Each item is scored on a Likert scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the most severe.~For the change from baseline, negative numbers represent improvement from baseline in OHQ score." (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

306A Efficacy: Patient Reported Falls

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-2.2
Placebo	-2.1

The total number of patient reported falls during the 8 week treatment period (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

306B Efficacy: Change in Dizziness/Lightheadedness/Feeling Faint/Feeling Like You Might Black Out (OHSA Item 1)

Intervention	total falls per group (Number)
Droxidopa	79
Placebo	192

OHSA item 1 scale range: 0 (none) -10 (worst), likert scale. Change: score at Week 1 minus score at baseline. A negative score indicates an improvement in symptoms during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week1

306B Efficacy: Change in OHSA Item 1 From Baseline to Week 2 (Visit 5)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-2.3
Placebo	-1.3

OHSA item 1 scale range: 0 (none) -10 (worst), likert scale. Change: score at Week 2 minus score at baseline. A negative score indicates an improvement in symptoms during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week2

306B Efficacy: Change in OHSA Item 1 From Baseline to Week 4 (Visit 6)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-1.9
Placebo	-1.6

OHSA item 1 scale range: 0 (none) -10 (worst), likert scale. Change: score at Week 4 minus score at baseline. A negative score indicates an improvement in symptoms during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week4

306B Efficacy: Change in OHSA Item 1 From Baseline to Week 8 (Visit 7)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-2.0
Placebo	-1.5

OHSA item 1 scale range: 0 (none) -10 (worst), likert scale. Change: score at Week 8 minus score at baseline. A negative score indicates an improvement in symptoms during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

306B Efficacy: Change in Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire Score (OHQ)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-2.1
Placebo	-1.5

"The relative mean change in Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ) composite score from baseline to end of study. The OHQ is the average of two sub-scales, the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment Scale (OHSA) and the Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale (OHDAS). Each asks the patient to rate their symptoms or disease impact over the past week. The OHSA sub-scale is the average of six items: 1) Dizziness, lightheadedness, feeling faint or feeling like you might black out; 2) Problems with vision; 3) Weakness; 4) Fatigue; 5) Trouble concentrating; and 6) Head/neck discomfort. The OHDAS sub-scale is the average of four items: 1) Standing for a short time; 2) Standing for a long time; 3) Walking for a short time; and 4) Walking for a long time. Each item is scored on a Likert scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the most severe.~For the change from baseline, negative numbers represent improvement from baseline in OHQ score." (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

306B Efficacy: Change in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Measurements Post Standing From Baseline to Week 1

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Droxidopa	-2.2
Placebo	-2.0

Measure: Lowest standing systolic blood pressure reading of immediately post standing and 3 minutes post standing. Change: standing systolic blood pressure at Week 1 (Visit 4) minus standing systolic blood pressure at baseline. A positive score indicates an improvement in standing systolic blood pressure during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1

306B Efficacy: Rate of Patient Reported Falls

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Droxidopa	6.4
Placebo	0.7

The average number of patient reported falls per week. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: up to 10 weeks

Study 306A: Change in Dizziness/Lightheadedness/Feeling Faint/Feeling Like You Might Black Out (OHSA Item 1) From Baseline to Week 1

Intervention	falls per week (Mean)
Droxidopa	0.4
Placebo	2.0

OHSA item 1 scale range: 0 (none) -10 (worst), likert scale. Change: score at Week 1 minus score at baseline. A negative score indicates improvement in symptoms during the double-blind randomized phase relative to value at baseline. (NCT01176240)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1

Article	Year
In Vitro Modeling of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 G2019S-Mediated Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Stem cells and development, 2018, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 Topics: Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mitochondria; Mutation; Park	2018
Lack of association between UCHL1 S18Y gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in the Asian population: a meta-analysis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2014, Volume: 35, Issue:12 Topics: Asian People; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nuc	2014
LRRK2 detection in human biofluids: potential use as a Parkinson's disease biomarker? Biochemical Society transactions, 2017, 02-08, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Biomarkers; Exosomes; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kina	2017
LRRK2 G2019S in the North African population: a review. European neurology, 2010, Volume: 63, Issue:6 Topics: Africa, Northern; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Thr	2010
α-Synuclein phosphorylation as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Reviews in the neurosciences, 2012, Mar-21, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Casein Kinase I; Casein Kinase II; Cell Cycle Proteins; Drosophila; G-Prot	2012
The role of Ser129 phosphorylation of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease: a review of in vivo models. Reviews in the neurosciences, 2013, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Nerve Degeneration; Parkinson Disease; Pho	2013
LRRK2 low-penetrance mutations (Gly2019Ser) and risk alleles (Gly2385Arg)-linking familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurochemical research, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:10 Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Asia; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protei	2007
[Pathogenic substances in Parkinson disease and new therapeutics considering the etiologic mechanism]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1988, Volume: 46, Issue:9 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Biopterins; Dopamine Agents; Droxidopa; Human	1988
Noradrenergic influences on dopaminergic function and the pharmacology of dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS): implication for Parkinson's disease. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1985, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide; Brain; Carbidopa; Dopamine; Droxidopa; Levodop	1985
[Treatment of orthostatic hypotension by noradrenaline supplement]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1985, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Amyloidosis; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases; Catecholamines; Droxidopa; Humans; Hypotension, O	1985
[Other trials with drug therapy in parkinsonism]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1973, Oct-10, Volume: 93, Issue:28 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amitriptyline; Animals; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disulfiram; Drug Evaluation; Dr	1973

Article	Year
D-serine adjuvant treatment alleviates behavioural and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavioral Symptoms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Double-Blind Method; Femal	2012
Madopar versus sinemet. A clinical study on their effectiveness. European neurology, 1975, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Benserazide; Carbidopa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hydr	1975
L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine treatment for gait apraxia in parkinsonian patients. The Kurume medical journal, 1989, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Apraxias; Clinical Trials as Topic; Droxidopa; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gait; Hum	1989
L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine treatment of Parkinson's disease. Journal of medicine, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:5-6 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Droxidopa; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Middle	1985

Article	Year
Polo-like kinase 2 inhibition reduces serine-129 phosphorylation of physiological nuclear alpha-synuclein but not of the aggregated alpha-synuclein. PloS one, 2021, Volume: 16, Issue:10 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Brain; Dopamine; Lewy Bodies; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Parkinson	2021
Midbrain organoids mimic early embryonic neurodevelopment and recapitulate LRRK2-p.Gly2019Ser-associated gene expression. American journal of human genetics, 2022, 02-03, Volume: 109, Issue:2 Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cyt	2022
α-Synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 occurs after initial protein deposition and inhibits seeded fibril formation and toxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 04-12, Volume: 119, Issue:15 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amyloid; Humans; Lewy Body Disease; Parkinson Disease; Phosphorylation; Protein Agg	2022
Coumarin derivatives as inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase and monoamine oxidase. Bioorganic chemistry, 2022, Volume: 123 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Coumarins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxid	2022
Steady-State Levels of Miro1 Linked to Phosphorylation at Serine 156 and Mitochondrial Respiration in Dopaminergic Neurons. Cells, 2022, 04-08, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Dopaminergic Neurons; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Neural Stem Cells; Parkin	2022
Role of the gut-microbiota-metabolite axis in the rotenone model of early-stage Parkinson's Disease. Metabolic brain disease, 2022, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Alanine; Animals; Asparagine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamine; Hydroxyproline; Methionine; Mi	2022
A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis revealed novel MicroRNA biomarkers of Parkinson's disease. Cell biology international, 2022, Volume: 46, Issue:11 Topics: Biomarkers; Computational Biology; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Micr	2022
High-content phenotyping of Parkinson's disease patient stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons using machine learning classification. Stem cell reports, 2022, 10-11, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Dopaminergic Neurons; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Inducible T-Cell Co-S	2022
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Amino acid transporter Asc-1 (SLC7A10) expression is altered in basal ganglia in experimental Parkinsonism and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia model mice. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2023, Volume: 127 Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; D	2023
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase exacerbates mitochondrial calcium uniporter-related mitochondrial calcium overload by phosphorylating α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2023, Volume: 157 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Calcium; Calmodulin; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Protein Kinases; Serine	2023
Homeostasis of serine enantiomers is disrupted in the post-mortem caudate putamen and cerebrospinal fluid of living Parkinson's disease patients. Neurobiology of disease, 2023, Volume: 184 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acids; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Homeostasis; Humans; N-Methylaspartat	2023
Implications of In Vitro Multi-Serine Phosphorylation of Alpha-Synuclein in Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. ACS chemical neuroscience, 2023, 09-06, Volume: 14, Issue:17 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Parkinson Disease; Phosphorylation; Serine	2023
Dynamic reversibility of α-synuclein serine-129 phosphorylation is impaired in synucleinopathy models. EMBO reports, 2023, Dec-06, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Parkinson Disease; Phosphorylation; Rats; Serine; Synucleinopathies	2023
Impaired serine metabolism complements LRRK2-G2019S pathogenicity in PD patients. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2019, Volume: 67 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cell Line; Cell Self Renewal; Cell Survival; Genetic Predisposition to Disease	2019
Associations with metabolites in Chinese suggest new metabolic roles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Human molecular genetics, 2020, 01-15, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Asian People; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Carnitine; China; DNA-Binding Pr	2020
p38 MAPK-DRP1 signaling is involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in mutant A53T α-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2020, 02-01, Volume: 388 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Dynamins; Humans; Imidazoles; MAP Kinase Sign	2020
S-Nitrosylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 and Casein kinase 2 alpha modulates their kinase activity toward alpha-synuclein phosphorylation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Casein Kinase II; Disease Models, Animal; G-Protein-Coupled R	2020
Parkin on serine: a Parkinson disease gene suppresses serine synthesis in cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020, 06-01, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Neoplasms; Parkinson Disease; Serine; Ubiquitin-Protei	2020
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Development of a multiplexed targeted mass spectrometry assay for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rabs and Ser910/Ser935 biomarker sites. The Biochemical journal, 2021, 01-29, Volume: 478, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine	2021
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The effects of electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system on neurochemical release in the rat striatum. PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:10 Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Electric S	2018
Phosphorylation of Parkin at serine 65 is essential for its activation Open biology, 2018, 11-07, Volume: 8, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mitochondria; Mitophagy; Parkinson Disease; Phosphorylation	2018
The levels of the NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine are reduced in the substantia nigra of MPTP-lesioned macaques and in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients. Scientific reports, 2019, 06-20, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Humans; Macaca; Mice; MPTP Poisoning; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; S	2019
Ser129D mutant alpha-synuclein induces earlier motor dysfunction while S129A results in distinctive pathology in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of disease, 2013, Volume: 56 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Corpus Striatum; Densitometry; Depend	2013
Divergent α-synuclein solubility and aggregation properties in G2019S LRRK2 Parkinson's disease brains with Lewy Body pathology compared to idiopathic cases. Neurobiology of disease, 2013, Volume: 58 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Brain; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; Humans	2013
Inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission reduced aberrant autophagy and neuronal damage caused by LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Human molecular genetics, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 22, Issue:22 Topics: Autophagy; Dynamins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Guanine; HEK293 Cells; HeLa C	2013
Measurement of LRRK2 and Ser910/935 phosphorylated LRRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2013, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Female; Genotype; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Leukocytes, M	2013
LRRK2 G2385R variant carriers of female Parkinson's disease are more susceptible to motor fluctuation. Journal of neurology, 2013, Volume: 260, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Female; Genotype; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Male	2013
Parkinson disease phenotype in Ashkenazi Jews with and without LRRK2 G2019S mutations. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Female; Genotype; Glycine; Humans; Jews; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2	2013
The G2019S LRRK2 mutation: another morbid burden for Ashkenazi Jews may provide new insights on sporadic Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:14 Topics: Female; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Male; Mutation; Park	2013
A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich R	2014
PINK1 loss-of-function mutations affect mitochondrial complex I activity via NdufA10 ubiquinone uncoupling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014, Apr-11, Volume: 344, Issue:6180 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain; Drosophila Proteins; Electron Transport Complex I; Humans; Live	2014
Lysine 27 ubiquitination of the mitochondrial transport protein Miro is dependent on serine 65 of the Parkin ubiquitin ligase. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2014, May-23, Volume: 289, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Female; Fibroblasts; HE	2014
Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurochemistry, 2014, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Chemistry; Cell Line; Colon; Fem	2014
(G2019S) LRRK2 causes early-phase dysfunction of SNpc dopaminergic neurons and impairment of corticostriatal long-term depression in the PD transgenic mouse. Neurobiology of disease, 2014, Volume: 68 Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Dopaminergic Neurons; GAB	2014
Colonic mucosal a-synuclein lacks specificity as a biomarker for Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2015, Feb-10, Volume: 84, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; alpha-Synuclein; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Colon; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal M	2015
A polyubiquitin chain reaction: parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria. PLoS genetics, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Humans; Mitochondria; Parkinson Disease; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphorylation; Polyubiqu	2015
Parkinson disease mutant E46K enhances α-synuclein phosphorylation in mammalian cell lines, in yeast, and in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015, Apr-10, Volume: 290, Issue:15 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Casein Kinase I; Cell Nucleus; Endoplasmic Retic	2015
Adenoviral-mediated expression of G2019S LRRK2 induces striatal pathology in a kinase-dependent manner in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of disease, 2015, Volume: 77 Topics: Adenoviridae; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Forelimb; G	2015
REM sleep behavior disorder, as assessed by questionnaire, in G2019S LRRK2 mutation PD and carriers. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Glutamine; Humans; Judaism; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase	2015
Regulation of the unfolded protein response via S-nitrosylation of sensors of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Scientific reports, 2015, Oct-08, Volume: 5 Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cysteine; eIF-2 Kinase; E	2015
14-3-3 Proteins regulate mutant LRRK2 kinase activity and neurite shortening. Human molecular genetics, 2016, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Animals; Cell Enlargement; Cells, Cultured; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repe	2016
Effects of Serine 129 Phosphorylation on α-Synuclein Aggregation, Membrane Association, and Internalization. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016, Feb-26, Volume: 291, Issue:9 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Dop	2016
Intracellular repair of oxidation-damaged α-synuclein fails to target C-terminal modification sites. Nature communications, 2016, Jan-25, Volume: 7 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Motifs; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine; Oxidation-R	2016
Parkinson-Related LRRK2 Mutation R1628P Enables Cdk5 Phosphorylation of LRRK2 and Upregulates Its Kinase Activity. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase	2016
C-Terminal Tyrosine Residue Modifications Modulate the Protective Phosphorylation of Serine 129 of α-Synuclein in a Yeast Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS genetics, 2016, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Autophagy; Globins; Humans; Lewy Bodies; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglobi	2016
Inhibitor treatment of peripheral mononuclear cells from Parkinson's disease patients further validates LRRK2 dephosphorylation as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Scientific reports, 2016, 08-09, Volume: 6 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Female; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2;	2016
Association of the DRD2 CA Journal of the neurological sciences, 2017, Jan-15, Volume: 372 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Benzothiazoles; Case-Control Studies; Dinucleotide Re	2017
Development and characterization of polo-like kinase 2 loaded nanoparticles-A novel strategy for (serine-129) phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein. International journal of pharmaceutics, 2016, Nov-30, Volume: 514, Issue:1 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Cell Line; Dopaminergic Neurons; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Park	2016
Heart rate variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Electrocardiography; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Glycine; Heart Diseases; Heart Rate;	2017
LRRK2 Gly2019Ser penetrance in Arab-Berber patients from Tunisia: a case-control genetic study. The Lancet. Neurology, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Age Factors; Case-Control Studies; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glyc	2008
Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. The Lancet. Neurology, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Case-Control Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Gen	2008
LRRK2: bridging the gap between sporadic and hereditary Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. Neurology, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mutation; Parkinson Disease;	2008
Genetic screening for LRRK2 gene G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease patients from Southern Italy. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gene Frequency;	2009
A clinical, neuropsychological and olfactory evaluation of a large family with LRRK2 mutations. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; France; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Gly	2009
LRRK2 gene G2019S mutation and SNPs [haplotypes] in subtypes of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Pred	2009
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced oxidative stress, c-Jun phosphorylation and DNA fragmentation factor-45 cleavage in SK-N-SH cells are averted by selegiline. Neurochemistry international, 2008, Volume: 53, Issue:6-8 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survi	2008
Genetic analysis for five LRRK2 mutations in a Sardinian parkinsonian population: importance of G2019S and R1441C mutations in sporadic Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Ge	2009
LRRK2 mutations in Basque patients with Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. Neurology, 2008, Volume: 7, Issue:10 Topics: Arginine; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mutation; Parkinso	2008
N-terminal region of alpha-synuclein is essential for the fatty acid-induced oligomerization of the molecules. FEBS letters, 2008, Oct-29, Volume: 582, Issue:25-26 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Sequence; Cell Line; DNA Mutational Analysis; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated;	2008
The Gly2019Ser mutation in LRRK2 is not fully penetrant in familial Parkinson's disease: the GenePD study. BMC medicine, 2008, Nov-05, Volume: 6 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine	2008
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is associated with Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters, 2009, Jan-09, Volume: 449, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Sequence; Biomarkers; Brain; Cytosol; Female; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen	2009
RTP801 is induced in Parkinson's disease and mediates neuron death by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation/activation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2008, Dec-31, Volume: 28, Issue:53 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regula	2008
Determination of D,L-serine in midbrain of Parkinson's disease mouse by capillary electrophoresis with in-column light-emitting diode induced fluorescence detection. Journal of separation science, 2009, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Electrolytes; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; La	2009
Multiple step pattern as a biomarker in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Biomarkers; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Glycine; Humans; Leucin	2009
PARK11 gene (GIGYF2) variants Asn56Ser and Asn457Thr are not pathogenic for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Asparagine; Austria; Carrier Proteins; DNA Mutational Analysis; Egypt; Female; Gene Frequency;	2009
Nuclear and neuritic distribution of serine-129 phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in transgenic mice. Neuroscience, 2009, Jun-02, Volume: 160, Issue:4 Topics: Aging; alpha-Synuclein; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Co	2009
Motor complications in patients form the German Competence Network on Parkinson's disease and the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2009, May-15, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Community Networks; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female;	2009
Contribution of endogenous G-protein-coupled receptor kinases to Ser129 phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein in HEK293 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2009, Jul-03, Volume: 384, Issue:3 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases; Humans; Lewy Bodies; Parkinson Disease	2009
Alpha-synuclein S129 phosphorylation mutants do not alter nigrostriatal toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2009, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Alanine; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Cell Count; Dependovirus; Disease M	2009
Lrrk2 phosphorylates alpha synuclein at serine 129: Parkinson disease implications. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2009, Sep-11, Volume: 387, Issue:1 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Cell Line; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mutation;	2009
Identification of the autophosphorylation sites of LRRK2. Biochemistry, 2009, Nov-24, Volume: 48, Issue:46 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Antibodies; Biocatalysis; Cell Line; Electrop	2009
Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein have opposing effects on neurotoxicity and soluble oligomer formation. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2009, Volume: 119, Issue:11 Topics: Aging; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Disease Models, Animal; Drosophila m	2009
Rapamycin protects against neuron death in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2010, Jan-20, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Death; Cycloheximi	2010
Phosphorylation at S87 is enhanced in synucleinopathies, inhibits alpha-synuclein oligomerization, and influences synuclein-membrane interactions. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2010, Mar-03, Volume: 30, Issue:9 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain; Cell Membrane; Creatine Kin	2010
Involvement of the cerebral cortex in Parkinson disease linked with G2019S LRRK2 mutation without cognitive impairment. Acta neuropathologica, 2010, Volume: 120, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Electrophoresis, Gel	2010
Serine 129 phosphorylation reduces the ability of alpha-synuclein to regulate tyrosine hydroxylase and protein phosphatase 2A in vitro and in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2010, Jun-04, Volume: 285, Issue:23 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Dopamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lentivirus; Mice; Mice, Transgenic;	2010
Oxidative stress alters the regulatory control of p66Shc and Akt in PINK1 deficient cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2010, Aug-27, Volume: 399, Issue:3 Topics: Cell Line; Fibroblasts; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; Humans; Oxidative Stres	2010
14-3-3 binding to LRRK2 is disrupted by multiple Parkinson's disease-associated mutations and regulates cytoplasmic localization. The Biochemical journal, 2010, Sep-15, Volume: 430, Issue:3 Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Cell Line; Cytoplasm; Green Flu	2010
Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity leads to dephosphorylation of Ser(910)/Ser(935), disruption of 14-3-3 binding and altered cytoplasmic localization. The Biochemical journal, 2010, Sep-15, Volume: 430, Issue:3 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; 14-3-3 Proteins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotti	2010
14-3-3 proteins are promising LRRK2 interactors. The Biochemical journal, 2010, Sep-15, Volume: 430, Issue:3 Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Cytoplasm; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; L	2010
123I-MIBG cardiac uptake and smell identification in parkinsonian patients with LRRK2 mutations. Journal of neurology, 2011, Volume: 258, Issue:6 Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glycine; Heart; Humans; Leucine-Rich	2011
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity with LRRK2 G2019S mutations. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich R	2011
Characterization of a selective inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2. Nature chemical biology, 2011, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Benzodiazepinones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; HEK293 Ce	2011
Changes in the solubility and phosphorylation of α-synuclein over the course of Parkinson's disease. Acta neuropathologica, 2011, Volume: 121, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Analysis of Variance; Disease Progression; Female; Frontal	2011
LRRK2 G2019S mutations may be increased in Puerto Ricans. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011, Aug-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Glycine; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Prote	2011
Mood and cognition in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011, Aug-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition Disorders; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine; Hu	2011
Kin-cohort analysis of LRRK2-G2019S penetrance in Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Glycine; Hu	2011
Phosphorylation of LRRK2 serines 955 and 973 is disrupted by Parkinson's disease mutations and LRRK2 pharmacological inhibition. Journal of neurochemistry, 2012, Volume: 120, Issue:1 Topics: Cell Line; DNA; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threoni	2012
LRRK2 haplotype-sharing analysis in Parkinson's disease reveals a novel p.S1761R mutation. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arginine; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Hea	2012
Authentically phosphorylated α-synuclein at Ser129 accelerates neurodegeneration in a rat model of familial Parkinson's disease. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2011, Nov-16, Volume: 31, Issue:46 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Line, Transformed; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Plasm	2011
A liquid phase based C. elegans behavioral analysis system identifies motor activity loss in a nematode Parkinson's disease model. Journal of neuroscience methods, 2012, Mar-15, Volume: 204, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Antiparkinson Agents; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis	2012
Mimicking phosphorylation at serine 87 inhibits the aggregation of human α-synuclein and protects against its toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Humans;	2012
Dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: effect of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Gene Freq	2012
The IkappaB kinase family phosphorylates the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 at Ser935 and Ser910 during Toll-like receptor signaling. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Line; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; I-kappa B	2012
Screening for novel LRRK2 inhibitors using a high-throughput TR-FRET cellular assay for LRRK2 Ser935 phosphorylation. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:8 Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Checkpoint Kinase 1; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Prec	2012
[The absence of the common LRRK2 G2019S mutation in 120 young onset Hungarian Parkinon's disease patients]. Ideggyogyaszati szemle, 2012, Jul-30, Volume: 65, Issue:7-8 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testin	2012
Changes in properties of serine 129 phosphorylated α-synuclein with progression of Lewy-type histopathology in human brains. Experimental neurology, 2013, Volume: 240 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Lewy Body Disease; Male; Pa	2013
Olfaction and imaging biomarkers in premotor LRRK2 G2019S-associated Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2013, Feb-12, Volume: 80, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studie	2013
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurology, 2003, Volume: 250 Suppl 3 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blotting, Western; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liq	2003
Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein mutations exhibit defective axonal transport in cultured neurons. Journal of cell science, 2004, Mar-01, Volume: 117, Issue:Pt 7 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Axonal Transport; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Complementary; Huma	2004
Pilot association study of the beta-glucocerebrosidase N370S allele and Parkinson's disease in subjects of Jewish ethnicity. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alleles; Aspartic Acid; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Glucosylcer	2005
Clinical and positron emission tomography of Parkinson's disease caused by LRRK2. Annals of neurology, 2005, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health;	2005
Gene mutation detected in Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. Neurology, 2005, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mut	2005
Alpha-synuclein phosphorylation controls neurotoxicity and inclusion formation in a Drosophila model of Parkinson disease. Nature neuroscience, 2005, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Aspartic Acid; bet	2005
Genetic testing in Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Female; Genetic Testing; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Mal	2005
Escaping Parkinson's disease: a neurologically healthy octogenarian with the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Follow-Up Studies; G	2005
G2019S dardarin substitution is a common cause of Parkinson's disease in a Portuguese cohort. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Gene	2005
Comparison of structure and dynamics of micelle-bound human alpha-synuclein and Parkinson disease variants. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2005, Dec-30, Volume: 280, Issue:52 Topics: Alanine; alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Sequence; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mi	2005
G2019S LRRK2 mutation in French and North African families with Parkinson's disease. Annals of neurology, 2005, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Africa, Northern; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Fr	2005
Parkinson's disease and LRRK2: frequency of a common mutation in U.S. movement disorder clinics. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Fe	2006
Regulation of p53 by activated protein kinase C-delta during nitric oxide-induced dopaminergic cell death. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2006, Jan-27, Volume: 281, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Catechin; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Coculture Techniques; Dopamine;	2006
Biochemical and pathological characterization of Lrrk2. Annals of neurology, 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Br	2006
UCHL-1 is not a Parkinson's disease susceptibility gene. Annals of neurology, 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Female; Genotype; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male;	2006
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations and Parkinson disease in the Norwegian population. Neurology, 2006, Feb-14, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asparagine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Pr	2006
Translated mutation in the Nurr1 gene as a cause for Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analys	2006
LRRK2 mutations in Spanish patients with Parkinson disease: frequency, clinical features, and incomplete penetrance. Archives of neurology, 2006, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Mut	2006
Prevalence of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation in a UK community based idiopathic Parkinson's disease cohort. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Substitution; Chromosome Aberrations; Cohort Studies; DNA	2006
alpha-synuclein from platelets is not phosphorylated at serine 129 in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Neuroscience letters, 2006, Sep-25, Volume: 405, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Arabidopsis Proteins; Blood Platelets; Blotting, Western; Car	2006
Clinical heterogeneity of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Archives of neurology, 2006, Volume: 63, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leu	2006
Clinical features of Parkinson disease patients with homozygous leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S mutations. Archives of neurology, 2006, Volume: 63, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Dise	2006
G2019S LRRK2 mutation in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in Russia. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leu	2006
Mutations in LRRK2 other than G2019S are rare in a north American-based sample of familial Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Family Health; Female; Genetic Testing; Glycine; Humans;	2006
LRRK2 G2019S founder haplotype in the Chinese population. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Asian People; Glycine; Haplotypes; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Pa	2007
Genetic analysis of LRRK2 mutations in patients with Parkinson disease. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2006, Dec-21, Volume: 251, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Glycine; Humans	2006
Screening for Lrrk2 G2019S and clinical comparison of Tunisian and North American Caucasian Parkinson's disease families. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Cultural Comparison; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; F	2007
Evaluation of LRRK2 G2019S penetrance: relevance for genetic counseling in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2007, Apr-03, Volume: 68, Issue:14 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Geneti	2007
Frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation in Italian patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Journal of human genetics, 2007, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Italy; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Thr	2007
S18Y in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) associated with decreased risk of Parkinson's disease in Sweden. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2007, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans	2007
Sept4, a component of presynaptic scaffold and Lewy bodies, is required for the suppression of alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity. Neuron, 2007, Feb-15, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Brain; Cytoskeletal Protein	2007
LRRK2 exon 41 mutations in sporadic Parkinson disease in Europeans. Archives of neurology, 2007, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Europe; Exons; Female; Histidin	2007
MAPK-pathway activity, Lrrk2 G2019S, and Parkinson's disease. Journal of neuroscience research, 2007, May-01, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycine	2007
Prevalence and clinical features of common LRRK2 mutations in Australians with Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2007, May-15, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Australia; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family Health; Female; Genetic Predisposit	2007
A novel LRRK2 mutation in an Austrian cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2007, Aug-15, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Asparagine; Austria; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exons; Family Health; Female; Hu	2007
Frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation in siblings with Parkinson's disease. Neuro-degenerative diseases, 2007, Volume: 4, Issue:2-3 Topics: Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Europe; Family Health; Female; Glycine; Humans; Leucine-Rich Repeat S	2007
The G2019S LRRK2 mutation is uncommon amongst Greek patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease. European journal of neurology, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Substitution; Cohort Studies; Female; Glycine; Greece; Humans; L	2007
The G2019S LRRK2 mutation in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease: phenotype in monozygotic twins. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2008, Jan-30, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Diseases in Twins; Female; Glycine; Humans; Le	2008
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations are associated with Parkinson's disease in southern Italy. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2008, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Asparagine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease	2008
Lack of evidence for an association between UCHL1 S18Y and Parkinson's disease. European journal of neurology, 2008, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype;	2008
The phosphorylation state of Ser-129 in human alpha-synuclein determines neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, Jan-15, Volume: 105, Issue:2 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Brain; Dependovirus; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Humans; Lewy Bodies	2008
Subthalamic stimulation increases striatal tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation. Neuroreport, 2008, Jan-22, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Electr	2008
HFE gene mutations in a population of Italian Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2008, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequ	2008
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations: a risk factor for Lewy body disorders. Archives of neurology, 2008, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Asparagine; Case-Control Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Pre	2008
Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2008, Apr-15, Volume: 70, Issue:16 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis	2008
Phosphorylation of tau and alpha-synuclein in synaptic-enriched fractions of the frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease, and in Parkinson's disease and related alpha-synucleinopathies. Neuroscience, 2008, Apr-09, Volume: 152, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Alzheimer Disease; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Cyclin-De	2008
Parkinson's disease and the heterozygous state for glucocerebrosidase mutations among Brazilians. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Asparagine; Brazil; Female; Glucosylceramidase; Heterozygote; Humans; Leucine; Male; Middle A	2009
Neurokinin B/NK3 receptors exert feedback inhibition on L-DOPA actions in the 6-OHDA lesion rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology, 2008, Volume: 54, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Prote	2008
Specificity and regulation of casein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2008, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Binding Sites; Casein Kinase II; Cell Line	2008
DL-3,4-threo-DOPS in Parkinson's disease: effects on orthostatic hypotension and dizziness. Journal of neural transmission, 1983, Volume: 58, Issue:3-4 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Benserazide; Blood Pressure; Dizziness; Droxidopa; Drug Therapy, Combina	1983
DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine for freezing symptom in parkinsonism. Advances in neurology, 1984, Volume: 40 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carboxy-Lyases; Dopamine; Droxidopa; Drug Therapy,	1984
Improvement in freezing phenomenon of Parkinson's disease after DL-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine. Acta medica Okayama, 1984, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Benserazide; Droxidopa; Gait; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Parkinson Di	1984
[D,L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (D,L-threo-DOPS) treatment on the patients with Parkinson's disease or pure akinesia]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 1984, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Droxidopa; Female; Gait; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Muscle Rigidity; Parki	1984
Treatment of parkinsonism with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine: a pharmacokinetic study. Neurology, 1984, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbidopa; Cerebellar Diseases; Droxidopa; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged;	1984
Presence of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-associated glycine receptor agonist, D-serine, in human temporal cortex: comparison of normal, Parkinson, and Alzheimer tissues. Journal of neurochemistry, 1993, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; M	1993
Identification of phosphorylation sites in PHF-TAU from patients with Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 1996, Volume: 55, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Binding Sites, Antibody; Blotting, Western; Brain Chemistry; De	1996
Constitutive phosphorylation of the Parkinson's disease associated alpha-synuclein. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2000, Jan-07, Volume: 275, Issue:1 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Brain Chemistry; Casein Kinase	2000
The FTDP-17-linked mutation R406W abolishes the interaction of phosphorylated tau with microtubules. Journal of neurochemistry, 2000, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromosomes, Human, Pai	2000
The ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 gene S18Y polymorphism does not confer protection against idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters, 2000, Oct-27, Volume: 293, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Case-Control Studies; Electrophore	2000
[Analysis of L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine effect on motor and psychological symptoms in Parkinson's disease]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1991, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aging; Droxidopa; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Psychomotor Performanc	1991
[The effect of L-threo-DOPS on P-300 in parkinsonism]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Droxidopa; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	1990
The effect of L-threo-DOPS on synaptic transmission to soleus motoneuron in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience research, 1987, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Droxidopa; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Parkins	1987
[L-threo-DOPS therapy and parkinsonism]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1986, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Antiparkinson Agents; Brain; Dopamine; Droxidopa; Huma	1986
Effect of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine chronic administration on cerebrospinal fluid and plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of the neurological sciences, 1986, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Carbidopa; Droxidopa; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycols; Humans;	1986
Clinical effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine in cases of parkinsonism and pure akinesia. Advances in neurology, 1987, Volume: 45 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Droxidopa; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu	1987
Effect of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine on regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of the neurological sciences, 1988, Volume: 83, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Droxidopa; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	1988
Mass spectrometric measurements of norepinephrine synthesis in man from infusion of stable isotope-labelled L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. Life sciences, 1985, Feb-04, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Atrophy; Brain Diseases; Cerebellum; Droxidopa; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hypote	1985
Levadopa and psoriasis. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Jan-22, Volume: 1, Issue:7743 Topics: Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Benzyl Compounds; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Huma	1972
Levodopa and Ro 4-4602 in psoriasis. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Aug-12, Volume: 2, Issue:7772 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Benzyl Compounds; Dihydroxyph	1972
[Biochemical aspects of the effect of L-dopa in patients with Parkinson's disease]. Zeitschrift fur Neurologie, 1972, Volume: 203, Issue:1 Topics: Cysteine; Cystine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Glycine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Parkinson Dise	1972
The balance of biogenic amines as condition for normal behaviour. Journal of neural transmission, 1972, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Benzyl Compounds; Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Electroencephalography; Female; Hum	1972
Levodopa combined with peripheral decarboxylase inhibition in Parkinson's disease. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1972, Jun-10, Volume: 106, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benzyl Compounds; D	1972
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa alone or combined with Ro 4-4602]. Revue canadienne de biologie, 1972, Volume: 31 Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Benzyl Compounds; Capsules; Dihy	1972
On the mechanism of the nullification of CNS effects of L-DOPA by pyridoxine in Parkinsonian patients. Journal of neurochemistry, 1972, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Basal Ganglia; Benzyl Compounds; Dihydroxyphe	1972
[Clinical studies on the treatment of parkinsonism with the L-dopa and decarboxylase inhibitor Ro-4-4602 association]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1971, Oct-16, Volume: 121, Issue:42 Topics: Aged; Benzyl Compounds; Carboxy-Lyases; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Hydrazines; Male; Mi	1971
[Correlation between Parkinsonism symptoms and a disorder in the amino acid metabolism in CNS]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1970, Nov-06, Volume: 82, Issue:45 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cysteine	1970

serine and Parkinson Disease